RESUMO
Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome [PCOS] is the most common endocrine disorder associated with reproductive disorders and metabolic dysfunctions including insulin resistance. The roles of vitamin D in the regulation of metabolic modulations specifically involving insulin and reproduction processing are introduced. In addition, obesity appears to be closely associated with severity of PCOS. The present study is to evaluate the effect of body mass index [BMI] on vitamin D levels in follicular fluid and vitamin D receptor [VDR] expression levels in granulos cells
Materials and Methods: A comparative study was conducted on 80 women with average age of 20-35 years referred for in vitro fertilization [IVF]. Patients were divided into four groups, and serum levels of testosterone and insulin resistance [IR] were evaluated at the puncture time. Also, vitamin D levels of follicular fluid were evaluated. VDR gene expression was assayed by quantified-polymerase chain reaction [PCR] technique. Correlations were evaluated with calculation of the Spearman coefficient, and also independent relationships were assessed by means of multiple regression analysis
Results: Vitamin D levels of follicular fluid decreased in PCOS patients compared with non-PCOS. Also, over-weight individuals had lower vitamin D levels compared with normal-weight patients. Vitamin D levels of follicular fluid were highly correlated with BMI [r=-0.51, P<0.01]. Homeostatic model assessment-IR [HOMA-IR] values were significantly higher in women of PCOS/overweight and PCOS/normal weight in comparison with women of non-PCOS/normal weight [P<0.01]. The gene expression data of VDR in granulosa cells were significantly lower in the PCOS/overweight group compared with the non-PCOS/normal weight [P<0.01]
Conclusion: The findings indicated significant differences in VDR gene expression in granulosa cells and vitamin D of follicular fluid in PCOS/overweight patients
RESUMO
Lichen planus is a chronic inflammatory mucocutaneous disease with immune system's origin. There is no definite cure for that and present treatment methods are symptomatic. According the effects of topical medications and anti-inflammatory properties of licorice, this study is designed for comparison the effectiveness of the adhesives containing licorice with topical steroid on treatment of oral lichen planus. In this double-blind clinical trial, 40 patients randomly divided into two groups: licorice and topical corticosteroid therapy and were followed up for 12 weeks, we asked patients used the drugs four times in a day and after applying drugs avoid of eating, drinking and smoking for an hour. Data were analyzed by SPSS-19, using the independent samples t-test and Mann-Whitney U tests. In this study the use of topical licorice as topical corticosteroids were effective in reducing pain, but the improvement of clinical signs was not effective as corticosteroids. The severities of lesion according Thongprasom classification were 1.2 +/- 1.03 in corticosteroid group and 2.6 +/- 0.9 in licorice group. There was a statistical significant difference between groups [p=0.006]. Based on the findings of this study topical licorice 5% is not a good alternative for topical corticosteroids in the treatment of lichen planus
RESUMO
A sensitive, accurate and rapid reverse phase HPLC method was developed to quantitate plasma levels of metronidazole in order to conduct a comparative bioavailabllity studies. The drug and internal standard were added to plasma samples, vortexed and then zinc sulfate solution was added in order to precipitate the plasma proteins. Samples were centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 10 min. The supernatant layer was separated and analyzed on a phenyl [300 X 4.6mm] column, with 5% acetonitrile in 0.1 M KH [2] PO[4] buffer [pH = 4.5] at 324 nm. The standard curve covering 0.15-30 micro g/ml concentration range, was linear [r [2] = 0.9999], relative errors were within 2.48 to 9.15% and the CV% ranged from 2.999 to 10.796. The method is suitable for bioavailability, pharmacokinetic, and bioequivalent studies in human. The in-vivo study was carried out in 12 healthy volunteers according to a single dose, two-sequence, cross over randomized design. The bioavailabllity was compared using the total area under the plasma level versus time curve [AUC [0-48], AUC [0-infinity], peak plasma concentration [C[max]] and time to [C[max] [T[max]]. No statistically significant difference was found between the AUC [0-infinity], C[max] and T[max] values of the test and reference, Flagyl [R] [p > 0.05]. The 90% CI for the ratio of the AUC [0-infinity], [0.94-1.07] and C[max] [0.88-1.03] and the logarithmically transformed AUC[0-infinity] [0.99-1.01] and C[max] [0.94-1.01] values of the generic product over those of Flagyl [R] was calculated to be within the acceptable limit of 0.80-1.20 and 0.80-1.25, respectively. It was, therefore, concluded that the generic metronidazole was bioequivalent with the innovator formulation