Prevalence of class II malocclusions in Pakistani sample - a study

The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of Class II malocclusion in seven different age groups in a local sample of patients seeking orthodontic treatment. Data for the study were retrieved from the patient's orthodontic records who sought orthodontic treatment at Armed Forces Institute of Dentistry [AFID] during the period of Oct 1999 through May 2008. A total of 1348 patients were screened. All the subjects had full complement of permanent teeth up to second molars. The patients with the history of previous orthodontic treatment, extractions of permanent teeth other than 3rd molars, mixed dentition, congenital malformations like Cleft lip or/ and palate and systemic diseases were excluded from the study. Assigning the subjects to various occlusal traits was based purely on clinical examination, study casts in centric occlusion, facial photographs and lateral cephalograms assessment. An overall prevalence of class II malocclusions within the selected sample was found to be 41%, with a male to female ratio of 1: 2.6. The three categories of Angle Class II malocclusion depicted a prevalence of 29.9% for Class II/1, 0.7% for Class II/2 and 10.4% for Class II subdivisions. All the three groups of Class II malocclusions reflected higher female ratios, presumably because of the higher number of female gender seeking orthodontic treatment in Pakistan

Frequency and etiology of midline diastema in orthodontic patients reporting to armed forces institute of dentistry Rawalpindi

To determine the frequency and etiology of maxillary midline diastema [MMD] in local settings. Descriptive study. The study was carried out on orthodontic patients reporting to Armed Forces Institute of Dentistry Rawalpindi [AFID] from 2001 to 2007 at the Department of Orthodontics, Armed Forces Institute of Dentistry Rawalpindi. A total of 1800 cases of malocclusions, were collected from orthodontic dept of AFID Rawalpindi, during research period. Sample purification resulted in a research sample of 1747 patients. The data of all patients was analysed as regards to age, gender, occlusal traits, and relevant disatema findings. The frequency of MMD turned out to be 12.59%. No single etiological factor was found responsible for MMD, however increased over jet was the most frequently [56.56%] occurring factor related to MMD, followed by high frenum attachment [33.03%] and finally deep bite, 31.6%. Maxillary midline diastema is a common entity associated with multifactorial etiology. Focusing on symptomatic treatment rather than addressing the cause oriented approach will lead to relapse of the already existing problem. Permanent retention should be considered in most cases

Frequency of impacted canines in orthodontic patients presenting to armed forces institute of dentistry

The aim of our study was to observe the frequency of patients presenting with impacted canines in our subset of population. This is cross-sectional observational study. The study was conducted in the Orthodontic Department at Armed forces Institute of Dentistry Rawalpindi. Orthopantomographs [OPGs] of 1956 consecutive patients were observed for impacted canines. Thirty two patients were excluded for various reasons. Age and gender was recorded Orthopetomographs [OPGs] and intra-oral photographs were observed to detect the impaction of canines. Out of 1924 orthodontic patients [64] 3.33% were found to have impacted canines. The mean age of the patients presenting with impactions was 18.3 years. The male to female ratio was 1:2. The 87.5% of the impactions were unilateral. Single tooth impactions were the most common followed by two or three impactions in the same patient. The most frequently impacted tooth in 51.56% of the cases was the right maxillary cuspid. The least common was the right mandibular cuspid, 4.7%. A frequency higher than the previously quoted prevalence was found in our study. Racial and ethnic factors may have a role, further large scale studies are required to validate this assumption

Personality improvement through orthodontics

The aim of this study was to assess and compare changes observed in the weights of patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment. These measurements were taken at the start of orthodontic treatment and at two next intratreatment appointments at an interval of one month.This study was conducted on patients who came to Orthodontic Department of Armed Forces Institute of Dentistry [AFID], Rawalpindi. Pretreatment Weight [Wl] of 65 patients was taken before starting the treatment and subsequently [W2 and W3] at the next two intra treatment appointments with an interval of one month. Patients who received fixed orthodontic treatment showed significant weight changes during treatment at Wl, W2 and W3, with a weight loss at W2 and gain at W3 phase level. In all 61. 5% females and 54.6% males reported dietary changes during orthodontic treatment. This indicates that Orthodontic treatment can be used as an adjunctive and preventive measure for weight loss

Frequency of anterior bite patients reporting to AFID, Rawalpindi

The purpose of the present study was to calculate the frequency of an anterior open bite in a set of population comprising of military as well as civilian patients reporting to orthodontic department of Armed Forces Institute of Dentistry [AFID], Rawalpindi, from all over the country. Out of a total sample of 1856 patients reporting to AFID from 2001 through 2008, 1800 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Dental records including photographs and casts were assessed for the presence of anterior open bite. The frequency of open bite from the total sample and its percentage with respect to gender and age was calculated. The frequency of open bite was found to be 4%. The mean age of patients was 21.6 years. Females were twice as frequently affected as males. Simple anterior open bite was more prevalent. It is self evident that this is one of the most difficult malocclusions to manage and maintain in orthodontics. Its treatment should be primarily etiology oriented and preferably customized so as to prevent the chances of relapse

Two dimensional localization of impacted maxillary canines and their correlation

Comprehensive treatment planning is of paramount importance in leveling and aligning the impacted maxillary canines. In such cases, retrieval of all pertinent clinical information leading to proper diagnosis and prediction of treatment complexity weighs utmost importance. There are many factors including modalities of treatment, governing management of impacted canines. The aim of our study was to correlate canine angulation and its vertical position. The study was conducted in the orthodontic department at Armed Forces Institute of Dentistry [AFID] Rawalpindi. Patients presenting to orthodontic department from June 2001 to April 2008 were included in the study.. Orthopantomographs [OPGs] of 1956 consecutive patients were screened for impacted canines. OPGs were traces and angulations of canines to the mid sagital plane [?] and vertical distance from the occlusal plane [d-mm] were determined and a correlation was sought. 47[n] 2.4% patients were found to have 57 impacted canines. 21% patients had bilateral impactions. 33 patients were male and 24 female. The mean angulation was 29.54 degree sign and the mean distance d was 13.1mm. Insignificant correlation was found between these two variables. Though these factors are important in management strategies their influence is deemed independent of each other

Orthodontic uprighting of impacted mandibular permanent second molar - a case report

Due to the change in the life style and eating habits, impactions of teeth are on the increase. Mandibular 3[rd] molars and at times second molars are not the exceptions. They pose not only a big challenge to an oral surgeon but also provides a golden opportunity to the treating orthodontist by leveling and aligning it, thus enabling the dental occlusion to become stabilized and integrated in a much more balanced and harmonized manlier. Mandibular second molar plays a major role not only in function but also as a reinforcing anchor in orthodontics. Its significance is of paramount importance. Maximum efforts are to be exercised in saving and conserving this tooth in the oral cavity. Oral surgery should be the last resort in the treatment modalities. It should be undertaken only, when the orthodontic treatment fails due to the difficult spatial relationship of the tooth and is jeopardizing survival of the vital neighboring anatomical structures. A case report of a young girl with mesioangularly impacted left second mandibular molar is presented. Both 1[st] and 3[rd] molars of the ipsilateral side were present and fully erupted. The impacted tooth was managed orthodontically and no surgical intervention was resorted to minimize invasive procedures

planning orhthodontic stability

We All agree that the optimal results achieved after orthodontic treatment constitute the gold standards for stability, We are all aware that a given malocclusion may have different problems, each of which may have a different potential for instability. If timely attention is not paid to the underlying potential problem, relapse will be likely to occur and thus whole orthodontic outcome will lead to failure