Blood meal analysis of tabanid fly after it biting the rare Sumatran rhinoceros

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To demonstrate a noninvasive large mammalian genetic sampling method using blood meal obtained from a tabanid fly.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Blood meal was recovered from the abdomen of an engorged tabanid fly (Haematopota sp.) which was captured immediately after biting a Sumatran rhino in captivity. The blood was applied on to a Whatman FTA(®) blood card. Subsequent laboratory work was conducted to extract, amplify and sequence the DNA from the sample. Validation was done by sampling the hair follicles and blood samples from the rhinoceros and subjecting it to the same laboratory process.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>BLAST search and constructed phylogenetic trees confirmed the blood meal samples were indeed from the rhino.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>This method could be used in the field application to noninvasively collect genetic samples. Collection of tabanids and other haematophagous arthropods (e.g. mosquitoes and ticks) and other blood-sucking parasites (e.g. leeches and worms) could also provide information on vector-borne diseases.</p>

Association of aetiology, presentation and post-operative complications of post-traumatic peripheral artery pseudoaneurysm

To describe post traumatic pseudoaneurysms and its association to causes, presentation and conventional surgical treatment modalities. This Descriptive study carried out in the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar from January 2003 to December 2007. Patients with associated arteriovenous fistula were excluded from this study. All the demographics including age, sex, type of injury, site, associated complications operative details, pen operative morbidity and mortality were prospectively recorded in a data base. The total number of patients was seventy five. All the patients underwent conventional surgical procedures. Reverse saphenous graft was received by 34%, 24% had end to end anastomosis, 12% had interposition synthetic graft, 8% had rent repair while 21.33% had primary ligation of the involved artery. There was no pen operative mortality. Six patients had post operative complication in the form of graft, thrombosis and or infection. Three patients had amputation, two in lower limb and one in the upper limb. Majority of them were male 90.66%. Age ranged from 7 years to 75 years. Most of the patients [77.3%] were in second to fourth decade of life. The most common cause of injury was gunshot wound [56%] followed by stab wounds [13.33%] and road traffic accidents [12%]. Few cases of bomb blast [6.66%], Post cardiac catheterization [4%], glass injury [4%] and intravenous drug abusers [2.66%] were also reported. The commonest site of injury was fern oral artery [37.33%].In this study majority of patients were male with gunshot wound as commonest cause. Reverse saphenous vein graft was treatment of choice. Infection and thrombosis were the commonest postoperative complications

Should we say good bye to closed mitral commissurotomy in our setup

To study the short-term results of closed mitral commissurotomy in patients with rheumatic mitral stenosis. Material and This study was conducted at the department of cardiovascular surgery, Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar from January 2003 to December 2003. Data was collected on a preformed proforma. Mitral valve characteristics were evaluated according to the scoring system devised by Wilkins and Associates. All those patients who had severe mitral stenosis and echo score of < 12, raised pulmonary hypertension or patients with atrial fibrillation were included in this study. Patients having echo score > 12, left atrial and left atrial appendage clot, moderate mitral regurgitation were excluded from the study. After operation patients were followed up for six months for haemodynamic stability. During this time period, 76 patients with rheumatic mitral stenosis underwent closed mitral commissurotomy. Total patients were 76 [male 18, female 58] with age range of 10 to 60 years. Pre-op 2 2 mitral valve area ranged from 0.6 to 01 cm a mean of 0.74 + 0.13 cm. Mean mitral valve gradient was 19.7 + 6.3 mm Hg. Pulmonary artery systolic pressure ranged from 35-110 mmHg. Five patients had associated severe tricuspid regurgitation. Twenty patients had controlled atrial fibrillation. At two weeks follow-up in the out patients department after closed mitral commissurotomy the mean mitral valve 2 gradient was 9.4 + 4.2 mmHg and mitral valve area was 1.6 +/- 0.7 cm. One patient developed severe mitral regurgitation and one had left hemperesis. Pulmonary artery systolic pressure assessed by Doppler, dropped to a mean of 40 mmHg. There was no death. At six months follow-up the improved haemodynamics were maintained. Cost of the whole procedure was less than the cost of the percutaneous transmitral commissurotomy catheter alone. Closed Mitral Commissurotomy is a safe procedure. It is cost effective in developing countries with limited health budget, closed mitral commissurotomy still has a role to play

Devega's tricuspid valve annuloplasty: Still a good alternative in our setup

To assess the durability of Devega's repair of tricuspid valve in severe tricuspid regurgitation [TR]. From January 2002 to December 2003. 22 Devega's surgical repairs of tricuspid valve in severe TR were done either with mitral valve replacement or with Atrial Septal Defect [Secundum Type] repair. Clinical data was retrieved from hospital records and analyzed post-operatively on the basis of NYHA status and echocardiographic findings at the interval of 6, 12 and 24 weeks. The durability of Devega's repair was assessed. Out of 22 Devega's repair, over 80% of the patients having severe TR+3 reverted to no TR and about 20% patients had mild TR postoperatively at the interval of 6 months and the repair was intact on echocardiography. Devega's repair of tricuspid valve in severe TR is a safe and economical procedure in our setup