RESUMO
There can be little doubt that the construction is the most hazardous in-dustry in the worldwide. This study was designed to modeling the factors affecting un-safe behavior from the perspective of safety supervisors. The qualitative research was conducted to extract a conceptual model. A structural model was then developed based on a questionnaire survey [n=266] by two stage Structural Equation Model [SEM] approach. An excellent confirmed 12-factors structure explained about 62% of variances unsafe behavior in the construction industry. A good fit structural model indicated that safety climate factors were positively correlated with safety individual factors [P<0.001] and workplace safety condition [P<0.001]. The workplace safety condition was found to play a strong mediating role in linking the safety climate and construction workers' en-gagement in safe or unsafe behavior. In order to improve construction safety performance, more focus on the workplace condition is required.