Spermatotoxic effect of carbendazim.

Carbendazim, suspended in sunflower oil, was administered to Wistar male rats through an oral intubation at a daily dose of 25 mg/kg body weight for 48 days, and the cauda epididymal sperm were analysed on day 49 for counts, motility and abnormalities. The study indicates that carbendazim affects the cauda epididymal sperm as seen in decreased sperm counts, inhibition of motility and increased incidence of abnormalities.

Cardiovascular and pulmonary disturbances in end stage renal disease

One hundred patients with end-stage renal disease [ESRD] and dyspnoes were evaluated for cardiovascular and pulmonary disturbances. Patients were divided into two groups according to age. Group 1 included 27 males 21 females, a total of 48 patients with age below forty years, and group II included 30 males and 22 females, a total of 52 patients with age above forty years. Exertional dyspnoes was common presentation for all patients in both groups. Orthopnoea, anginal chest pain, and non productive cough were significantly common features in group II [P<0.002, P<0.01, P<0.002 respectively]. While pleuretic chest pain] found in a significant number among patients in group I [P<0.05]. Sinus rhythm was the prevailing rhythm for all patients in both groups. The pulse was of collapsing character in a significant number of patients in group I [P<0.05]. Hypertension was discovered in 48% of patients of both groups but it was severe in only 18.75%. There was no significant difference between the two age groups. congestive heart failure was seen in 21% of patients of both groups. Pneumonic consolidations confirmed radiologically were a significant finding among patients in group I [P<0.05]. Electrocadriography was significantly abnormal [P<0.002] among patients in group II [90.38%], while it was abnormal only in 45.3% of patients in group I. It is concluded that cardiovascular and pulmonary disturbances were common causes of dyspnea in ESRD and early recognition of these fatal complications might decrease the morbidity and prolong the survival of those patients

Treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis comparison of three therapeutic regimens

The effectiveness of three antituberculosis regimens were evaluated and compared on 175 patients with active pulmonry tuberculosis. Patients were assigned to one of three treatment regimens according to a randomized schedule of 1-Nine months regimen; initial two months of [2RHSRH7] Rifaimpicin 0.45 g/d-0.6 gm/d + isoniazid 0.3 gm/d + streptomyein 0.75 gmd-l gm/d. Continuation phase seven months of: Rifampiein 0.45 gm/d-0.6 gm/d + isoniazid 0.3 gm/d. 2-Six months regimen: [2RH-ISZ/RH4]; initial two months of: Rifampicin 0.45 gm/d-0.6 gm/d + isoniazid 0.3 gm/d + streptomycin 0.75 gm/d-I gm/d ' pyrazinaminde 1.5 gm/d-2 gm/d. Continuation phase four months of: Rifampicin 0.45 gm/d-0.6 gm/d + isoniazid 0.3 gm/d. 3 months regimen [2RHZIRH4]; initial phase two months of: Rifampicin 0.45 gm/d-0.6 gu + isoniazid 0.3 gm/cl + streptomycin 0.75 g gm/d + pyrazinaminde 1.5 gmld-2 guild. Continuation phase four months of: Rifampiein 0.45 gmfd-0.6 guild + isoniazid 0.3 gm/d. 118 patients completed the course of treatment, 7 patients defaulted, 4 patients were excluded because they could not tolerate the effects of side effects of drugs, and 6 patients remained bacillary exceretors i.e. became chronic cases. All these regimens produced significant effectiveness [P<0.05], but the second regimens [2RHSZ/RHI4] is the most highly effective than the other two regimens [P< 0.05]

Antifertility effect of Andrographis paniculata (Nees) in male albino rat.

Dry leaf powder of A. paniculata, when fed orally to male albino rats, at a dose level of 20 mg powder per day for 60 days, resulted in cessation of spermatogenesis, degenerative changes in the seminiferous tubules, regression of Leydig cells and regressive and/or degenerative changes in the epididymis, seminal vesicle, ventral prostate and coagulating gland. There was reduction in the weight and fluid content of the accessory glands. The treatment also resulted in accumulation of glycogen and cholesterol in the testis, and increased activities of lactate dehydrogenase in testis and alkaline phosphatase in testis and ventral prostate. The results suggest antispermatogenic and/or antiandrogenic effect of the plant.

Utilization of seminal proteins by house gecko, Hemidactylus brooki(Gray), sperm for motility.

Five protein fractions of medium electrophoretic mobility were observed in the seminal plasma of H. brooki. On incubation of sperm in phosphate buffered saline and Zn and Mg free buffer, both containing seminal plasma, two of the protein fractions disappeared while a third fraction had become weak. The results suggest that H. brooki sperm utilize seminal proteins for motility.