Effects of soybean isoflavones on the reproductive development of young mice / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of soybean isoflavones （SI） on the reproductive development of young mice. METHODS C57BL/6 young mice were randomly divided into control group， SI low-dose and high-dose groups （10， 100 mg/kg）， with 10 mice in each group （half male and half female）. The young mice in each group were given corresponding liquid intragastrically， once a day， for 2 consecutive weeks. After the last administration， the percentage of body weight increase was calculated； serum estradiol and testosterone levels， malondialdehyde （MDA） content， total antioxidant capacity （T-AOC）， superoxide dismutase （SOD） and glutathione peroxidase （GSH-Px） activities in the reproductive organs of the young mice were determined. The histopathological changes in the reproductive organs were observed. The cell apoptosis of reproductive organs was detected. RESULTS Compared with the control group， the percentage of body weight increase in female mice was increased significantly in the SI high-dose group， while that of male mice was decreased significantly （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Cystic follicles could be seen in the ovarian tissue in SI groups， a loose arrangement of spermatocytes could be seen in the testicular tissue， and partial epithelial cell shedding could be seen in epididymal tissue. The serum level of testosterone in female young mice and the serum levels of testosterone and estradiol in male young mice in SI groups， GSH-Px activity in the ovarian tissue of female young mice in the SI low-dose group， T-AOC activities in the ovarian tissue of female young mice in SI groups as well as the apoptotic rates of cells in testicular and epididymal tissue of male young mice in SI groups were increased significantly （P＜0.05 or P＜ 0.01）； the serum level of estradiol in female young mice in SI groups， SOD activity in the ovarian tissue of female young mice in the SI high-dose group， and MDA contents in the ovarian tissue of female young mice in SI groups as well as the apoptotic rates of cells in ovarian tissue of female mice in SI groups were decreased significantly （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS SI can enhance the antioxidant stress capacity of ovarian tissue in female young mice and reduce their oxidative stress damage， but it has certain toxicity to reproductive organs in male mice.

Exploration on acupuncture treatment ideas for knee osteoarthritis from the perspective of Dongyuan needling technology / 中国针灸

The treatment ideas with acupuncture for knee osteoarthritis (KOA) are explored on the base of Dongyuan needling technology. Regarding the rules of acupoint selection, Zusanli (ST 36) is predominant, the back-shu points are used for the disorders related to the invasion of exogenous factors, and the front-mu points are for the cases caused by internal injury. Besides, the xing-spring points and shu-stream points are preferred. In treatment of KOA, besides the local points, the front-mu points, i.e. Zhongwan (CV 12), Tianshu (ST 25) and Guanyuan (CV 4), are selected specially to tonifying the spleen and stomach. The earth points and acupoints on the earth meridians (i.e. Yinlingquan [SP 9], Xuehai [SP 10], Liangqiu [ST 34], Dubi [ST 35], Zusanli [ST 36] and Yanglingquan [GB 34]) are optional to coordinate yin and yang, essence and qi , and regulate the qi movement of spleen and stomach. The shu-stream points of liver, spleen and kidney meridians (Taichong [LR 3], Taibai [SP 3] and Taixi [KI 3]) are chosen to promote meridian circulation and regulate zangfu functions.

Establishment and applicability comparison of four models of acute liver ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat / 中华危重病急救医学

OBJECTIVE@#To clarify the preparation methods of four rat models of liver ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) and to determine a liver IRI animal model that is consistent with clinical conditions, has stable pathological and physiological injury, and is easy to operate.@*METHODS@#A total of 160 male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into four groups using an interval grouping method: 70% IRI (group A), 100% IRI (group B), 70% IRI with 30% hepatectomy (group C), and 100% IRI with 30% hepatectomy (group D), with 40 rats in each group. Each model was further divided into sham operation group (S group) and ischemia groups of 30, 60, and 90 minutes, with 10 rats in each group. After surgery, the survival status and awakening time of the rats were observed, and the liver lobectomy weight, bleeding volume, and hemostasis time of groups C and D were recorded. Blood samples were collected by cardiac puncture after 6 hours of reperfusion for determination the levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (SCr), and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GT) in the serum to assess liver and kidney function. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and immunohistochemical staining of macrophages were performed to analyze the liver tissue structure damage from a pathological perspective.@*RESULTS@#Rats in group A exhibited earlier awakening and acceptable mental status, while rats in the other groups showed delayed awakening and poor mental status. The hemostasis time in group D was approximately 1 second longer than that in group C. The mortality of rats subjected to 60 minutes of 70% hepatic ischemia was 0. Compared to the sham operation group, rats in each experimental group showed significant increases in serum levels of AST, ALT, ALP, BUN, SCr, and γ-GT, indicating impaired liver and kidney function in the rat models of liver IRI. In groups A, B, and C, the 90-minute ischemia subgroup exhibited more pronounced elevation in AST, ALT, ALP, BUN, SCr, and γ-GT levels compared to the 30-minute ischemia subgroup [AST (U/L): group A, 834.94±56.73 vs. 258.74±18.33; group B, 547.63±217.40 vs. 277.67±57.92; group C, 930.38±75.48 vs. 640.51±194.20; ALT (U/L): group A, 346.78±25.47 vs. 156.58±13.25; group B, 408.40±138.25 vs. 196.80±58.60; group C, 596.41±193.32 vs. 173.76±72.43; ALP (U/L): group A, 431.21±34.30 vs. 315.95±15.64; group B, 525.88±62.13 vs. 215.63±17.31; group C, 487.53±112.37 vs. 272.46±92.33; BUN (U/L): group A, 18.35±5.63 vs. 14.32±2.30; group B, 30.21±4.55 vs. 17.41±8.14; group C, 20.50±3.64 vs. 15.93±3.22; SCr (U/L): group A, 27.47±8.91 vs. 22.37±5.66; group B, 43.60±15.57 vs. 36.80±7.95; group C, 63.81±20.24 vs. 42.47±7.03; γ-GT (U/L): group A, 15.64±3.57 vs. 6.82±1.48; group B, 9.28±1.91 vs. 5.62±1.21; group C, 10.98±3.18 vs. 5.67±1.10; all P < 0.05]. The 100% IRI 90-minute group and 100% IRI 90-minute group with 30% hepatectomy exhibited more pronounced increases in the above-mentioned indicators compared to the corresponding 70% IRI control group, indicating increased liver and kidney damage in rats subjected to combined blood flow occlusion and hepatectomy. HE staining showed clear liver tissue structure with intact and orderly arranged cells in the sham operation group, while the experimental groups exhibited cell structure damage, including cell rupture or collapse, cell swelling, nuclear pyknosis, deep cytoplasm staining, cell shedding, and necrosis. The interstitium showed infiltration of inflammatory cells. Immunohistochemical staining revealed a higher number of macrophages in the experimental groups compared to the sham operation group.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Four models of liver IRI in rat were successfully established. As the duration and severity of hepatic ischemia increased, liver cell ischemia worsened, leading to increased hepatocellular necrosis and exhibiting characteristic features of liver IRI. These models can effectively simulate liver IRI following liver trauma, with the group subjected to 100% ischemia and 30% hepatectomy showing the most severe liver injury. The designed models are reasonable, easy to perform, and exhibit good reproducibility. They can be used for investigating the mechanisms, therapeutic efficacy, and diagnostic methods related to clinical liver IRI.

The value of radiomics based on contrast-enhanced spectral mammography of internal and peripheral regions combined with clinical factors in predicting benign and malignant breast lesions of breast imaging reporting and data system category 4 / 中华放射学杂志

Objective:To evaluate the value of radiomics based on contrast-enhanced spectral mammography (CESM) of internal and peripheral regions combined with clinical factors in predicting benign and malignant breast lesions of breast imaging reporting and data system category 4 (BI-RADS 4).Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical and imaging data of patients with breast lesions who were treated in Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital (Center 1) Affiliated to Qingdao University from July 2017 to July 2020 and in Fudan University Cancer Hospital (Center 2) from June 2019 to July 2020. Center 1 included 835 patients, all female, aged 17-80 (49±12) years, divided into training set (667 cases) and test set (168 cases) according to the "train-test-split" function in Python software at a ratio of 8∶2; and 49 patients were included from Center 2 as external validation set, all female, aged 34-70 (51±8) years. The radiomics features were extracted from the intralesional region (ITR), the perilesional regions of 5, 10 mm (PTR 5 mm, PTR10 mm) and the intra-and perilesional regions of 5, 10 mm (IPTR 5 mm, IPTR 10 mm) and were selected by variance filtering, SelectKBest algorithm, and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator. Then five radiomics signatures were constructed including ITR signature, PTR 5 mm signature, PTR 10 mm signature, IPTR 5 mm signature, IPTR 10 mm signature. In the training set, univariable and multivariable logistic regressions were used to construct nomograms by selecting radiomics signatures and clinical factors with significant difference between benign and malignant BI-RADS type 4 breast lesions. The efficacy of nomogram in predicting benign and malignant BI-RADS 4 breast lesions was evaluated by the receiver operating characteristic curve and area under the curve (AUC). Decision curve and calibration curve were used to evaluate the net benefit and calibration capability of the nomogram.Results:The nomogram included ITR signature, PTR 5 mm signature, PTR 10 mm signature, IPTR 5 mm signature, age, and BI-RADS category 4 subclassification for differentiating malignant and benign BI-RADS category 4 breast lesions and obtained AUCs of 0.94, 0.92, and 0.95 in the training set, test set, and external validation set, respectively. The calibration curve showed good agreement between the predicted probabilities and actual results and the decision curve indicated a good net benefit of the nomogram for predicting malignant BI-RADS 4 lesions in the training set, test set, and external validation set.Conclusion:The nomogram constructed from the radiomics features of the internal and surrounding regions of CESM breast lesions combined with clinical factors is attributed to differentiate benign from malignant BI-RADS category 4 breast lesions.

Effect of remnant cholesterol levels on carotid intima thickness in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus evaluated by ultra-high frequency ultrasound / 中华超声影像学杂志

Objective:To discuss the effect of remnant cholesterol (RC) levels on carotid intima thickness (CIT) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by ultra-high frequency ultrasound.Methods:A total of 60 patients with T2DM who received treatment in Henan Provincial People′s Hospital from May 2021 to July 2022 were prospectively recruited, and they were divided into a higher RC group (31 cases) and a lower RC group (29 cases) according to the RC levels. Thirty-one age, sex and body mass index(BMI)-matched healthy volunteers were selected as control group. Carotid CIT, carotid media thickness(CMT) and intima-media thickness(CIMT) were measured by 24 MHz ultra-high frequency ultrasound probe. The difference of general clinical data, laboratory indicators and CIMT, CIT, CMT among the three groups were compared, and the influencing factors of CIT in T2DM patients were explored by multivariate regression analysis.Results:①There were no statistical significances in gender, age, BMI, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and CMT among the three groups (all P>0.05). There were no statistical significances in duration of diabetes, fasting blood-glucose and glycated haemoglobin between the two subgroups of T2DM (all P>0.05). ②Compared with the control group, CIMT and CIT were thicker in the T2DM group (both P<0.05). ③CIT was thicker in the higher RC group than in the lower RC group ( P<0.05), while the difference of CIMT was not statistically significant the two groups ( P>0.05). ④Multivariate regression analysis showed that RC was the influence factor of CIT in patients with T2DM(β=0.610, P=0.005). Conclusions:CIT is significantly thicker in T2DM patients with higher RC than in those with lower RC, and RC is the influence factor of CIT, which suggests that more attention should be paid to the detection of RC in T2DM patients.

Iodine nutrition status and influencing factors of thyroid volume of children aged 8 - 10 years in Shiyan City, Hubei Province / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective:To study the iodine nutrition status and influencing factors of thyroid volume of children aged 8 - 10 years in Shiyan City, Hubei Province.Methods:From June 2019 to October 2020, in 8 counties (cities, districts) under the jurisdiction of Shiyan City, Hubei Province, each county (city, district) was divided into 5 districts according to the east, west, south, north, and center. One township (street) was selected in each district, and 40 children aged 8 to 10 years from one primary school (age balanced, half male and half female), were selected in each township (street), and their home salt samples and once random urine sample were taken to detect salt iodine and urinary iodine levels. At the same time, thyroid volume measurements and physical examination were performed.Results:A total of 3 172 salt samples were collected from children's homes, with a salt iodine content of 23.68 mg/kg. The iodine salt coverage rate was 99.81% (3 166/3 172), and the qualified iodine salt consumption rate was 96.72% (3 068/3 172). A total of 3 172 urine samples were collected from children, with a median urinary iodine level of 241.87 μg/L, indicating that iodine nutrition was at a super optimal level. There were statistically significant differences in the median urinary iodine among children of different genders and regions ( Z = - 3.63, H = 160.83, P < 0.001). The thyroid of 1 191 children was examined, and the goiter rate was 0.67% (8/1 191), and there were statistically significant differences in the goiter rate of children of different ages and regions (χ 2 = 6.41, 11.91, P = 0.040, 0.002). The correlation analysis results showed that there was a negative correlation between urinary iodine and thyroid volume in children ( r = - 0.08, P = 0.025); according to age stratification, there were positive correlation between height, weight, body surface area, and thyroid volume in children aged 8, 9 and 10 years ( P < 0.05). Conclusions:The iodine nutrition of 8 - 10 years old children in Shiyan City is in an over appropriate level, and the goiter rate is low. Urinary iodine, height, weight, and body surface area of children are all factors influencing thyroid volume.

A comparative study of iodine content in serum, plasma and whole blood / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective:To evaluate the consistency of individual iodine nutrition levels by serum iodine, plasma iodine and whole blood iodine, and to provide reference for iodine-related epidemiological investigation.Methods:Healthy adults aged 18 - 59 years were recruited from the Research Center of Environment and Health in Water Source Area of South-to-North Water Diversion of Hubei University of Medicine. Whole blood sample was collected and serum and plasma were separated. The content of iodine in serum, plasma and whole blood was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and the linear relationship, precision and accuracy of the standard curve of the detection method were evaluated. The difference of three kinds of blood iodine levels was analyzed by variance analysis of compatibility group design, and Passing-Bablok regression and Bland-Altman plot were used to evaluate the consistency between serum iodine and plasma iodine.Results:The linear range of iodine in serum, plasma and whole blood was 0.0 - 25.0 μg/L, and the correlation coefficients ( R2) were all > 0.999. The relative standard deviation of 8 mixed blood samples ranged from 1.9% to 4.3% ( n = 6), and the determination results of blood iodine certified standard substances were all within the reference range. The recovery rate of the added standard ranged from 99% to 106%. The iodine levels in serum, plasma and whole blood of 50 volunteers were (57.31 ± 8.06), (57.49 ± 8.50) and (33.89 ± 5.40) μg/L, respectively, and there was no statistically significant difference between serum iodine and plasma iodine ( P = 0.904). The results of Passing-Bablok regression showed that there was no statistically significant difference in bias between serum iodine and plasma iodine ( P = 0.538). The Bland-Altman plot indicated that the difference between serum iodine and plasma iodine was within the consistency limit. Conclusion:The results of plasma iodine and serum iodine are in good agreement, and plasma iodine can be used as an evaluation index of individual iodine nutrition level. But there is no consistency between whole blood iodine and serum iodine.

Predictive analysis of the number of hospitalized patients with acute pancreatitis based on time series model / 中华胰腺病杂志

Objective:To predict and analyze the number of acute pancreatitis (AP) inpatients based on time series model, and to explore the predictive efficiency of the model.Methods:Clinical data of AP inpatients in the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University from January 2014 to December 2019 were collected. R software was used to collect the time series of AP inpatients, and the trend and seasonal characteristics of AP inpatients from 2014 to 2018 were analyzed. Furthermore, the autoregressive moving average (ARIMA) model was established through stationarity test, model ordering and model testing steps, and the best selected model was used to predict the monthly number of inpatients in 2019 to verify its prediction efficiency.Results:A total of 3 939 AP patients were included in the study. The most common etiology for AP was cholestrogenic (48.2%), followed by hyperacylglyceremia (36.3%). The peak age of hospitalization was from 40 to 60 years old. Time series analysis showed that the number of AP inpatients increased year by year. The highest peak of the disease was from February to March, followed by September to November; and there was seasonal variation and the incidence was relatively small in summer. The established original training set sequence did not pass the stationarity test ( P=0.061), so the ARIMA model was established after it was transformed into a stationarity sequence by first-order difference. According to the criterion of minimum AIC value, ARIMA(2, 1, 1)(1, 1, 1) 12 was selected as the best model. The model was used to predict the number of AP inpatients in 2019, showing that it could better fit the trend of onset time and had good short-term prediction effect. The mean root error and absolute error were 6.8790 and 4.7783, respectively. Conclusions:The number of AP inpatients increases year by year with seasonal changes. ARIMA model is effective in predicting the number of AP inpatients and can be used for short-term prediction.

SUMO1 regulates post-infarct cardiac repair based on cellular heterogeneity / 药物分析学报

Small ubiquitin-related modifier(SUMOylation)is a dynamic post-translational modification that maintains cardiac function and can protect against a hypertrophic response to cardiac pressure overload.However,the function of SUMOylation after myocardial infarction(MI)and the molecular details of heart cell responses to SUMO1 deficiency have not been determined.In this study,we demonstrated that SUMO1 protein was inconsistently abundant in different cell types and heart regions after MI.However,SUMO1 knockout significantly exacerbated systolic dysfunction and infarct size after myocardial injury.Single-nucleus RNA sequencing revealed the differential role of SUMO1 in regulating heart cells.Among cardiomyocytes,SUMO1 deletion increased the Nppa+Nppb+Ankrd1+cardiomyocyte subcluster pro-portion after MI.In addition,the conversion of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts subclusters was inhibited in SUMO1 knockout mice.Importantly,SUMO1 loss promoted proliferation of endothelial cell subsets with the ability to reconstitute neovascularization and expressed angiogenesis-related genes.Computational analysis of ligand/receptor interactions suggested putative pathways that mediate cardiomyocytes to endothelial cell communication in the myocardium.Mice preinjected with cardiomyocyte-specific AAV-SUMO1,but not the endothelial cell-specific form,and exhibited ameliorated cardiac remodeling following MI.Collectively,our results identified the role of SUMO1 in cardiomyocytes,fibroblasts,and endothelial cells after Ml.These findings provide new insights into SUMO1 involvement in the patho-genesis of MI and reveal novel therapeutic targets.

Safety and efficacy of levosimendan in patients with acute heart failure: a prospective, multicenter, and observational study / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective:To investigate the indication, effectiveness, tolerance, and safety of levosimendan in patients with acute heart failure (AHF) in 20 hospitals in Beijing, China.Methods:This prospective, observational, and multicenter study consecutively enrolled AHF patients who were treated with levosimendan at 20 hospitals in Beijing from April 2020 to March 2022. Baseline demographics, laboratory parameters, clinical presentation, concomitant diseases and medications were collected. After initiation of levosimendan, levosimendan administration, laboratory parameter pre- and post-administration, symptoms improvement, and adverse events were also collected.Results:Totally 800 AHF patients were included, 67% of whom were male, aged (65 ±17) years, 50% of whom had ischemic heart disease, and the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was (36±11)%. The dose of levosimendan was (11.84 ±2.11) mg and the mean infusion time was (1 450±307) min. Dyspnea was improved in 83.4% of AHF patients at 24 h after treatment. The level of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) significantly decreased from 689 (406-1509) pg/mL to 410 (156-697) pg/mL in all patients at 24-72 h after treatment ( P<0.001), and the level of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-pro BNP) decreased from 6910 (3 715-13 914) pg/mL to 2 851 (1 288-6 191) pg/mL ( P<0.001). Meanwhile, LVEF level also improved significantly [(40±11)% vs. (36±11)%, P<0.001]. During levosimendan administration, adverse events occurred in 74 (9.3%) patients, including hypotension (5.9%), arrhythmia (1.9%), and other symptoms (1.1%). Among them, 7 patients ( 2 patients with hypotension and 5 patients with ventricular tachycardia) interrupted levosimendan administration. Conclusions:The use of levosimendan is safe, and can improve symptoms reduce BNP or NT-pro BNP levels and increase LVEF level in AHF patients.

Prevalence of hearing loss among community-dwelling older people in China in 2020 / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective:To investigate the prevalence of hearing loss among community-dwelling older people aged 60 and over, and also to compare the discrepancies between self-reported hearing loss and hearing loss diagnosed via audiometry.Methods:Subjects were from the Prevention and Intervention on Neurodegenerative Disease for the Elderly in China(PINDEC)project.By using the stratified multi-stage cluster random sampling method, a total of 10 347 residents aged 60 years and over were selected from 12 counties and districts in Liaoning, Henan and Guangdong Provinces and hearing function assessment was performed in 2020 through otoscopy, pure-tone audiometry and questionnaires.Hearing loss(HL)was defined by the World Health Organization criteria.Self-reported hearing loss was assessed by asking participants whether they had difficulty in hearing.The χ2 and Cochran-Armitage trend tests were used to analyze the differences in HL between different groups.The multivariate Logistic regression model was applied to assess factors influencing HL. Results:In 2020, the prevalence of HL among the elderly aged 60 and older in Liaoning, Henan and Guangdong Provinces was 69.8%(95% CI: 68.9%-70.7%). The prevalence of HL in men was higher than that in women, and increased gradually with age.The prevalence of mild HL was 47.2%, and the prevalence of moderate, severe and profound HL were 18.0%, 3.6% and 0.9%, respectively.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that factors positively correlated with HL were aging, male sex, living in rural areas and working in manual labor.Education level was negatively correlated with HL.Of the 7223 participants who were found to have HL, 5106(70.7%)self-reported having good hearing.Those of a younger age, with a higher educational achievement, having a spouse, or with mild HL were more likely to report having good hearing(all P<0.05). Conclusions:Hearing loss is quite prevalent among community-dwelling older people, and there is a large discrepancy in prevalence between self-reported HL and HL diagnosed via audiometry.Screening and comprehensive intervention for hearing loss for the elderly should be strengthened.

Awareness of diabetes knowledge and its influencing factors among health examination population / 中华健康管理学杂志

Objective:To investigate the awareness of diabetes knowledge among the health examination population and its influencing factors.Methods:A cross-sectional study. From september to november 2022, the subjects of six health examination centers located in six different cities (Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, Chongqing, Xiamen, Hangzhou) in China were investigated in the form of questionnaires to investigate the awareness of diabetes core information and the level of trust to different information sources of diabetes knowledge. According to the questionnaire results, the subjects were divided into a high awareness group of diabetes core information and a low awareness group. Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of diabetes core information awareness; the t-test was used to compare the trust degree of the two groups to different information sources. Results:A total of 9 315 people were included in the six centers, including 4 932 men (52.90%) with an average age of (39.36±12.64) years and 4 383 women (47.10%) with a mean age of (37.47±11.85) years. Only 36% of the people had high awareness of diabetes core information; variables such as gender, age, education level, physical examination frequency in the past three years, package price of this physical examination, self-evaluation of diabetes knowledge, diabetes status, and city of residence were variables that affect the level of awareness of core information related to diabetes (all P<0.05). Compared with the low awareness group of diabetes core information, the high awareness group trusted professional medical staff ( t=-9.597, P<0.05) and community health promotion more ( t=-5.014, P<0.05), but did not trust the emerging popular science propaganda means, such as WeChat official accounts/WeChat groups/QQ groups, Internet web page, Tiktok/Kwai and other short video APPs. Conclusion:The awareness rate of diabetes knowledge among the health examination population is low, and it is affected by many factors; Health education on diabetes knowledge should be carried out for people undergoing physical examination.

Exploring risk factors for combined coronary microvascular dysfunction in patients with ischemia and non-obstructive coronary artery disease / 中华核医学与分子影像杂志

Objective:To investigate the risk factors for combined coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) in patients with ischemia and non-obstructive coronary artery disease (INOCA).Methods:From October 2020 to May 2022, 100 INOCA patients with myocardial ischemic symptoms who underwent coronary angiography (CAG) suggestive of <50% stenosis in all three coronary arteries at the Tenth People′s Hospital of Tongji University were prospectively recruited. Myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI), transthoracic echocardiography and cadmium-zinc-telluride (CZT) SPECT coronary flow quantification were performed in the same month, and 93 INOCA patients (36 males and 57 females, age (63.0±10.9) years) were finally included. CMD was defined as coronary flow reserve (CFR)<2.5. Independent-sample t test, Mann-Whitney U test and χ2 test were used to compare MPI results and left ventricular volume parameters between CMD and non-CMD groups. ROC curve analysis was used to analyze the efficacy of each index in predicting CMD, and independent risk factors for CMD were screened by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results:Among 93 INOCA patients, 29 were in the CMD group and 64 were in the non-CMD group. The age, proportion of hypertension, left ventricular mass index (LVMI), summed stress score (SSS), summed difference score (SDS), left ventricular internal diameter systolic (LVIDS), interventricular septum thickness (IVST), and left ventricular posterior wall thickness (LVPWT) in the CMD group were higher than those in the non-CMD group ( t values: 2.42-3.76, χ2=8.94, z values: -3.31, -3.41, all P<0.05). ROC curve analysis showed that LVMI, SSS, SDS, LVPWT, IVST and age were significant in predicting CMD (AUCs: 0.67-0.72). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that LVMI (odds ratio ( OR)=1.08, 95% CI: 1.01-1.17), SDS ( OR=5.37, 95% CI: 1.95-14.78), hypertension ( OR=5.68, 95% CI: 1.34-24.18) and age ( OR=1.10, 95% CI: 1.03-1.18) were risk factors for CMD. Conclusion:LVMI, SDS, hypertension and age are strongly associated with combined CMD in INOCA patients, which can be used for early risk stratification of INOCA patients.

Sorting and Elaborating on the Combination Theory of Herb Pairs / 中医杂志

@#As the smallest combination unit of Chinese medicinals， herbal pairs serve as the bridge between medicinals and formulas， whose combination theory reflects the basic characteristics of Chinese medicinals combination and the core essence of prescription composition. Simultaneously， as a key combination of medicinals in clinical treatment of diseases， syndromes， and symptoms， herbal pairs are the main form of clinical medication in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） as well as the characteristic advantage of treating diseases. This article summarized that “mutual complement of medicinals of same or antagonism flavor and nature” theory is the theoretical origin， and efficacy-enhancement and toxicity-attenuation is the core purpose of the combination of herbal pairs. The property theory of Chinese medicinals and the thought of differentiation and treatment are the main basis of the combination of herbal pairs， and pertinence and flexibility are the key points in clinical application. All mentioned above are expected to provide theoretical guidance for the clinical use and modern research of herbal pairs.

Design and clinical application evaluation of multi-leaf collimators / 中国辐射卫生

@#Multi-leaf collimators are devices to block rays from medical linear accelerators, which directly affect doses to targets and organs at risk by adjusting field shape and dose distribution in radiation therapy. As multi-leaf collimators are diversified in structure, there has been growing research on dosimetric comparison of various multi-leaf collimators. In this paper, we introduced the classifications of multi-leaf collimators according to their basic components, as well as the hardware structure and design features of the products of main accelerator manufacturers, including Varian’s Millennium MLC, HD120 MLC, and Halcyon, Elekta’s MLCi/i2 and Agility, and Accuray’s InCise 2 MLC and TomoTherapy. In terms of clinical application evaluation, focusing on radiotherapy plans for nasopharyngeal carcinoma, we reviewed comparative studies on the dosimetry performance of multi-leaf collimators and the effects of relevant parameters on dose distribution. We hope this review on the design and application evaluation of multi-leaf collimators can provide a reference for more innovative design and accelerator selection and parameter setting in clinical individualized treatment.

Research on dynamic on-line monitoring method of moisture attribute in three honey-processed Chinese herbal slice based on in-situ general model / 药学学报

Aiming at the hysteresis and destructiveness of off-line static detection of critical quality attribute of the moisture content of the raw material unit of the traditional Chinese medicine manufacturing process, honey-processed Tussilago farfara, honey-processed Astragalus and honey-processed Glycyrrhiza uralensis were used as the research carriers, and the drying method was used to measure the moisture content as a reference value. The moving stage was used to simulate the movement process of samples on the conveyor belt in the actual on-site production process, and near-infrared (NIR) spectra were collected, combined with machine learning, to establish NIR on-site dynamic detection model of moisture content in multi-variety honey-processed Chinese herbal slice. The results show that the second derivative method is used to preprocess the spectrum. The number of decision trees (ntree), the number of random features (max feature), and the minimum number of samples for generating leaf nodes (node size) are selected: 46, 76, and 8, respectively. The quantitative analysis model of moisture content has the best effect. The prediction coefficient of determination (the prediction coefficient of determination, R2pre) and the root mean square error of prediction (root mean square error of prediction, RMSEP) of the model were 0.903 2 and 0.330 2, respectively. The NIR quantitative model for the moisture content of multi-variety honey-processed Chinese herbal slice established in this study has good predictive performance, and can achieve rapid, accurate and non-destructive quantitative analysis of the moisture content of honey-processed Tussilago farfara, honey-processed Astragalus and honey-processed Glycyrrhiza uralensis at the same time, and provides a method for determining the moisture content of honey-processed Chinese herbal slice of the raw material unit of the traditional Chinese medicine manufacturing process.

Identification of taste critical quality attribute and formulation optimization of Xiaoer Qingrening Granules based on electronic tongue and human senses / 药学学报

This study primarily concentrated on scientific problems of poor taste caused by unclear critical quality attributes of oral preparations manufactured by Chinese materia medica, successfully established an identification method for taste critical quality attribute and a taste improvement method combining electronic tongue with human senses, and determined the optimal taste formula, to improve patients' oral medication compliance. The study received ethical approval from the Review Committee of the Beijing University of Chinese Medicine. The results showed that the proportion of bitterness of Xiaoer Qingrening Granule was 61.8%, and its bitterness grade was 3.70, it was determined that bitterness is the critical quality attribute that caused the poor taste of Xiaoer Qingrening Granule. Additionally, the optimal taste formula per milliliter of Xiaoer Qingrening sugar-free intermediate was determined with allowable daily intake, solubility, and sweetness as the limiting conditions, which was 40 mg hydroxypropyl β-cyclodextrin, 180 mg trehalose, and 1.5 mg acesulfame potassium. Compared with the Xiaoer Qingrening Granule, the sensory evaluation score of the optimal taste formula was increased by 37.5 points. In conclusion, this study achieved the taste improvement of Xiaoer Qingrening Granule and formed a set of taste improvement strategies including the identification of taste critical quality attribute, the selection of the type and dosage of corrigent, and the optimization of taste formula, which provided a thought reference for the taste improvement of other oral preparations and a new perspective for quality control of intelligent manufacturing of traditional Chinese medicines.

The hippocampal proteomics mechanism of thalidomide in Alzheimer's disease model mice induced by Aβ / 中国药理学通报

Aim To observe the effect of thalidomide on the learning and memory ability and hippocampal tissue proteome of Alzheimer's disease(AD)mice,to screen the differential proteins of thalidomide in preventing and treating AD,the pathways involved in regulation,and to explore its possible mechanism. Methods The experimental mice were randomly divided into blank control group,model group,and thalidomide high and low dose groups. The drugs were administered by gavage every day for 21 days. After the administration,Morris water maze test was used to evaluate the learning and memory abilities of the mice,HE staining and Nissl staining were used to observe the pathological tissue morphology of the mouse hippocampus,ELISA was employed to detect the mitochondrial respiratory chain enzyme complex in mouse brain,and the Label-free proteomics method was used to screen different groups of hippocampal proteome proteins. Results The results of the Morris water maze showed that compared with the model group,the escape latency time of the drug group was significantly reduced,and the number of crossing the platform significantly increased(P<0.05). Thalidomide administration could improve the morphological structure of neurons in hippocampus,and could increase the activity of the mitochondrial respiratory chain complex ,Ⅱ, and of the brain tissues of AD mice(P<0.05). A total of 4 378 differential proteins were identified,which had a significant regulatory effect on the expression of 580 proteins in hippocampus of AD mice(P<0.05). Energy metabolism may jointly participate in the regulation of neurodegeneration pathways-changes in pathways such as various diseases and Alzheimer's disease. Conclusions Thalidomide can significantly improve the learning and memory function of AD model mice induced by Aβ

Assessment of risk factors for bronchopulmonary dysplasia with pulmonary hypertension and construction of a prediction nomogram model / 中华儿科杂志

Objective: To explore the risk factors of pulmonary hypertension (PH) in premature infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), and to establish a prediction model for early PH. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study. Data of 777 BPD preterm infants with the gestational age of <32 weeks were collected from 7 collaborative units of the Su Xinyun Neonatal Perinatal Collaboration Network platform in Jiangsu Province from January 2019 to December 2022. The subjects were randomly divided into a training cohort and a validation cohort at a ratio of 8∶2 by computer, and non-parametric test or χ2 test was used to examine the differences between the two retrospective cohorts. Univariate Logistic regression and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used in the training cohort to screen the risk factors affecting the PH associated with BPD. A nomogram model was constructed based on the severity of BPD and its risk factors,which was internally validated by the Bootstrap method. Finally, the differential, calibration and clinical applicability of the prediction model were evaluated using the training and verification queues. Results: A total of 130 among the 777 preterm infants with BPD had PH, with an incidence of 16.7%, and the gestational age was 28.7 (27.7, 30.0) weeks, including 454 males (58.4%) and 323 females (41.6%). There were 622 preterm infants in the training cohort, including 105 preterm infants in the PH group. A total of 155 patients were enrolled in the verification cohort, including 25 patients in the PH group. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis revealed that low 5 min Apgar score (OR=0.87, 95%CI 0.76-0.99), cesarean section (OR=1.97, 95%CI 1.13-3.43), small for gestational age (OR=9.30, 95%CI 4.30-20.13), hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus (hsPDA) (OR=4.49, 95%CI 2.58-7.80), late-onset sepsis (LOS) (OR=3.52, 95%CI 1.94-6.38), and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) (OR=8.67, 95%CI 3.98-18.91) were all independent risk factors for PH (all P<0.05). The independent risk factors and the severity of BPD were combined to construct a nomogram map model. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of the nomogram model in the training cohort and the validation cohort were 0.83 (95%CI 0.79-0.88) and 0.87 (95%CI 0.79-0.95), respectively, and the calibration curve was close to the ideal diagonal. Conclusions: Risk of PH with BPD increases in preterm infants with low 5 minute Apgar score, cesarean section, small for gestational age, hamodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus, late-onset sepsis, and ventilator-associated pneumonia. This nomogram model serves as a useful tool for predicting the risk of PH with BPD in premature infants, which may facilitate individualized early intervention.

Intestinal and pharyngeal microbiota in early neonates: an analysis based on high-throughput sequencing / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To investigate the distribution characteristics and correlation of intestinal and pharyngeal microbiota in early neonates.@*METHODS@#Full-term healthy neonates who were born in Shanghai Pudong New Area Maternal and Child Health Hospital from September 2021 to January 2022 and were given mixed feeding were enrolled. The 16S rRNA sequencing technique was used to analyze the stool and pharyngeal swab samples collected on the day of birth and days 5-7 after birth, and the composition and function of intestinal and pharyngeal microbiota were analyzed and compared.@*RESULTS@#The diversity analysis showed that the diversity of pharyngeal microbiota was higher than that of intestinal microbiota in early neonates, but the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). On the day of birth, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria in the intestine was significantly higher than that in the pharynx (P<0.05). On days 5-7 after birth, the relative abundance of Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria in the intestine was significantly higher than that in the pharynx (P<0.05), and the relative abundance of Firmicutes in the intestine was significantly lower than that in the pharynx (P<0.05). At the genus level, there was no significant difference in the composition of dominant bacteria between the intestine and the pharynx on the day of birth (P>0.05), while on days 5-7 after birth, there were significant differences in the symbiotic bacteria of Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Rothia, Bifidobacterium, and Escherichia-Shigella between the intestine and the pharynx (P<0.05). The analysis based on the database of Clusters of Orthologous Groups of proteins showed that pharyngeal microbiota was more concentrated on chromatin structure and dynamics and cytoskeleton, while intestinal microbiota was more abundant in RNA processing and modification, energy production and conversion, amino acid transport and metabolism, carbohydrate transport and metabolism, coenzyme transport and metabolism, and others (P<0.05). The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis showed that compared with pharyngeal microbiota, intestinal microbiota was more predictive of cell motility, cellular processes and signal transduction, endocrine system, excretory system, immune system, metabolic diseases, nervous system, and transcription parameters (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#The composition and diversity of intestinal and pharyngeal microbiota of neonates are not significantly different at birth. The microbiota of these two ecological niches begin to differentiate and gradually exhibit distinct functions over time.