Exercise promotes healthy cardiovascular aging / 生理学报

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is an important factor threatening the health of the elderly. Aging leads to changes in the structure and function of the cardiovascular system, which increases the risk of CVD in the elderly. Cardiac aging is characterized by increased left ventricular wall thickness, increased degree of myocardial fibrosis, increased cardiac hardness, and decreased cardiac function, while vascular aging is characterized by enlarged lumen, thickened wall, and endothelial dysfunction. Promoting healthy cardiovascular aging means reducing the age-related cardiovascular dysfunction and the risks of CVD. Exercise is a crucial means for the treatment and rehabilitation of CVD. Exercise reduces the risk factors of CVD, remodels the cardiovascular structure, and increases the resistance of heart to detrimental stimulus, which promotes healthy cardiovascular aging. The improved mitochondrial function via exercise plays a key role in the health effects of exercise. In addition, exercise promotes the secretion of exerkines in various tissues and organs, which plays a role in reducing inflammation, improving metabolism, inhibiting apoptosis, etc., thus benefiting cardiovascular health. This review discusses the mechanism and potential application of exercise in promoting healthy cardiovascular aging. Exploring the specific mechanisms underlying exercise-induced cardiovascular health and formulating accurate exercise prescriptions for different populations is an important direction to promote healthy cardiovascular aging and prevent CVD.

The effect of in-out-in axis pedicle screws on the vertebral artery in the posterior occipitocervical surgery / 中华创伤骨科杂志

Objective:To observe the effect of insertion of in-out-in axis pedicle screws on the vertebral artery in the posterior occipitocervical surgery for atlantoaxial subluxation or instability.Methods:The data of 52 patients with atlantoaxial dislocation or instability were analyzed who had been treated by internal fixation with in-out-in pedicle screws in the posterior occipitocervical surgery from January 2015 to February 2021 at Department of Spine and Spinal Cord Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital. There were 30 males and 22 females, aged from 17 to 65 years (mean, 41.2 years). There were 26 cases of unilateral vertebral artery high-riding, 3 cases of bilateral high-riding, 19 cases of unilateral narrow pedicle due to C2 and C3 fusion, and 4 cases of bilateral narrow pedicles. X-ray, CTA and MRI were performed before and 3 days after surgery. The patients' clinical symptoms were recorded. CTA was used to measure the diameter of the vertebral artery at the transverse foramina of C 2 and C 3 and to observe the effect of in-out-in screws on the morphology of the vertebral artery. X-ray and CT examinations were performed at 6 months after surgery to observe the bone fusion. Results:The surgery went on uneventfully in all the patients. In the 9 cases undergoing anterior and posterior surgery, the operation time averaged 271.2 min (from 213 to 352 min) and the bleeding volume 471.5 mL (from 230 to 830 mL). In the 43 cases undergoing posterior surgery, the operation time averaged 171.6 min (from 131 to 226 min) and the bleeding volume 395.9 mL (from 170 to 660 mL). There was no such complication as spinal or vascular injury. The CTA reexamination 3 days after surgery showed that the diameter of the vertebral artery was (2.92±0.55) mm and (3.04±0.54) mm, respectively at the cervical 2 and 3 transverse foramina, showing no significant change compared with the preoperative values [(2.91±0.68) mm and (3.11±0.50) mm] ( P>0.05) and that the vertebral artery was displaced externally and inferiorly in 21 cases. Follow-ups for all patients ranged from 7 to 24 months (mean, 11 months). At 6 months after surgery, bone fusion was observed by imaging and no breakage or displacement of the internal fixation was observed. Conclusion:The in-out-in pedicle screws in the posterior occipitocervical surgery may have little impact on the vertebral artery, leading to reliable clinical outcomes.

Efficacy comparison of posterior atlas uniaxial and polyaxial screw instrumentation and fusion with bone graft for Gehweiler type IIIb atlas fracture / 中华创伤杂志

Objective:To compare the efficacy of posterior atlas uniaxial and polyaxial screw instrumentation and fusion with bone graft for Gehweiler type IIIb atlas fracture.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was performed to analyze the clinical data of 36 patients with Gehweiler type IIIb atlas fracture admitted to Henan Provincial People′s Hospital from January 2015 to October 2020. There were 29 males and 7 females, with age range of 23-82 years [(48.8±15.5)years]. All patients were treated with posterior atlas screw-rod internal fixation and fusion with bone graft, of which 14 received atlas uniaxial screw internal fixation (uniaxial screw group) and 22 received atlas polyaxial screw internal fixation (polyaxial screw group). The operation time and intraoperative blood loss were compared between the two groups. The atlas fracture union rate and atlantoaxial posterior arch bone fusion rate were compared between the two groups at 3 months and 6 months after operation. The anterior atlantodental interval (ADI), basion-dens interval (BDI) and lateral mass displacement (LMD) were compared between the two groups to evaluate the reduction of fracture fragments before operation, at 1, 3, 6 months after operation and at the last follow-up. At the same time, the visual analogue scale (VAS) and neck dysfunction index (NDI) were compared between the two groups to evaluate neck pain and functional recovery. The postoperative complications were observed.Results:All patients were followed up for 12-44 months [(27.2±9.9)months]. There was no significant difference in operation time or intraoperative blood loss between the two groups (all P>0.05). The atlas fracture union rate and atlantoaxial posterior arch bone fusion rate were 85.7% (12/14) and 78.6% (11/14) in uniaxial screw group at 3 months after operation, insignificantly different from those in polyaxial screw group [72.7% (16/22) and 77.3% (17/22)] (all P>0.05). All patients in the two groups achieved bone union and fusion at 6 months after operation. There was no significant difference in ADI between the two groups before and after operation (all P>0.05). The BDI in the two groups did not differ significantly before operation ( P>0.05), but a significantly higher value was found in uniaxial screw group at 1, 3, and 6 months after operation and at the last follow-up [(5.9±1.3)mm, (5.8±1.3)mm, (5.9±1.2)mm and (5.8±1.2)mm] than in polyaxial screw group [(3.1±0.6)mm, (3.1±0.6)mm, (3.1±0.6)mm and (3.1±0.6)mm] (all P<0.01). The two groups did not differ significantly before operation ( P>0.05), but LMD at 1, 3, and 6 months after operation and at the last follow-up was (1.6±0.8)mm, (1.5±0.8)mm, (1.5±0.7)mm and (1.5±0.9)mm in uniaxial screw group, significantly lower than that in polyaxial screw group [(4.8±1.6)mm, (4.6±1.6)mm, (4.9±1.6)mm and (4.9±1.6)mm] (all P<0.01). There was no significant difference in VAS between the two groups before operation ( P>0.05). The VAS at 1, 3, and 6 months after operation and at the last follow-up was 3.0(3.0, 4.0)points, 2.0(1.0, 2.0)points, 1.0(0.8, 2.0)points and 1.0(0.0, 1.3)points in uniaxial screw group and was 3.5(3.0, 4.0)points, 2.0(2.0, 3.0)points, 2.0(1.0, 2.0)points and 2.0(1.0, 3.0)points in polyaxial screw group. In comparison, the VAS scored much lower in uniaxial screw group than in polyaxial screw group at 6 months after operation and at the last follow-up (all P<0.01). There was no significant difference in NDI between the two groups before operation ( P>0.05). The NDI at 1, 3, and 6 months after operation and at the last follow-up was 34.9±6.3, 23.4±6.2, 13.9±2.7 and 9.4±2.8 in uniaxial screw group and was 33.2±6.1, 24.4±6.3, 18.1±4.1 and 12.7±3.2 in polyaxial screw group, showing a significantly lower NDI in uniaxial screw group than in polyaxial screw group at 6 months after operation and at the last follow-up (all P<0.01). The complication rate was 21.4% (3/14) in uniaxial screw group when compared to 22.7% (5/22) in polyaxial screw group ( P>0.05). Conclusion:For Gehweiler type IIIb atlas fracture, both techniques can attain atlas fracture union and atlantoaxial posterior arch bone fusion, but the posterior atlas uniaxial screw instrumentation and fusion is superior in reduction of atlas fracture displacement and lateral mass separation, neck pain relief and functional improvement.

CXCL8 Promotes M2 Macrophage Chemotaxis and Infiltration in Colorectal Cancer Microenvironment / 中国生物化学与分子生物学报

CXC chemokine ligand 8 (CXCL8) is highly expressed in many human tumors including colorectal cancer, and it can promote the malignant progression of tumors. It was reported that M2 macrophages were abundant in colorectal cancer microenvironment, but whether CXCL8 affects the infiltration of M2 macrophages and its potential mechanism are not yet clear. The study aimed to investigate the effect of CXCL8 on M2 macrophage infiltration and chemotaxis in the colorectal cancer. Firstly, we analyzed the CXCL8 expression and immune cell infiltration in human colorectal cancer tissues from TCGA RNA-seq data. The expression of CXCL8 was verified by immunohistochemistry in tissues obtained from Shanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital. Then, Western blot and qRT-PCR were employed to detect CXCL8 expression in five colorectal cancer cell lines. THP-1 cells were allowed to differentiate into M2 macrophages via the phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) and IL-4 treatment, followed by detection of the chemotaxis of M2 macrophages towards HCT116, SW480 and CXCL8-HCT116, CXCL8-SW480 cell lines. HCT116 and SW480 cells were treated with interleukin 1β (IL-1β) to detect the expression of CXCL8, and co-cultured with M2 macrophages to analyze the chemotactic activity. The results revealed that the expression of CXCL8 was increased in pairs of CRC tissues versus normal adjacent tissues, and there were more M2 macrophage infiltration in cancer tissues with high expression of CXCL8. The mRNA and protein expression of CXCL8 in HCT116 and SW480 were increased after the IL-1β treatment (P < 0. 05). We confirmed that CXCL8 is a chemotactic factor for M2 macrophages by transwell assays (P<0. 05). In conclusion, CXCL8 in colorectal cancer cells can be induced by IL-1β in colorectal cancer cells and the upregulation of CXCL8 can promote the chemotaxis of M2 macrophages. The massive infiltration of M2 macrophages in colorectal cancer microenvironment may be related with the increased expression of CXCL8.

Siglec-15 Promotes the Proliferation and Migration of Colorectal Cancer Cells and Inhibits the Infiltration of CD4 / 中国生物化学与分子生物学报

Sialic acid binding immunoglobulin type lectin-15 (Siglec-15), one of the Siglec gene family members, is a new immunosuppressive molecule. Siglec-15 is highly expressed in a variety of human tumor cells and tumor-associated macrophages, but the biological function of Siglec-15 in colorectal cancer (CRC) and its effect on the tumor immune microenvironment remains poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the effects of aberrant expression of Siglec-15 on the biological behaviors of CRC cells and the infiltration of CD4

Correlation between body composition and serum lipid and uric acid in Maonan Guangxi population / 解剖学报

Objective To investigate the relationship between body composition and serum lipids and uric acid among adults in Maonan, and to analyze the effect of body composition changes on blood lipid and uric acid. Methods Totally 584 Maonan adult volunteers in Maonan village of Maonan Autonomous County in Guangxi, the age from 20 to 80 were recruited. The height was measured by the personal height tester; the body composition was measured by the ANITAMC-180 instrument; and the blood lipids and blood uric acid were measured by the Hitachi 7600 instrument. The obtained data were statistically analyzed by SPSS 20. 0. Results The age,height, weight, free fat mass, muscle mass, presumptive bone mass, body water, proptein,extracellular water, intracellular water, and waist-to-hip ratio were greater in Maonan men than in women (P<0. 05). However, whereas male fat content, body fat rate, and subcutaneous fat content were smaller than those of female (P < 0. 01). The total prevalence of hyperuricemia and hyperlipidemia in Maonan nationality was 13. 9% and 28. 4%, respectively. The prevalence of hyperuricemia and hyperlipidemia in males was higher than in females. In males, the body mass, body mass index, free fat mass, fat mass, muscle mass, presumptive bone mass, protein, extracellular water, body fat rate, visceral fat content, subcutaneous fat content and waist-hip ratio of the hyperlipidemia group were higher than the normal group (P<0. 05); and in females, the age, body mass index, fat mass, body fat rate, visceral fat content and waist-hip ratio of the hyperlipidemia group were higher than the normal group. In male, The body mass, free fat mass, presumptive bone mass, body water, extracellular water of the hyperuricemia group were higher than the normal group (P<0. 05); In females, the age, body mass, body mass index, fat mass, extracellular water, body fat ratio, muscle mass, visceral fat content, subcutaneous fat content, and waist-hip ratio of the hyperuricemia group were higher than the normal group. Conclusion The detection rate of hyperlipidemia and hyperuricemia in males of Guangxi Maonan nationality is all higher than that in females. The body composition is significant differences between the normal adults and the patients with hyperlipidemia and hyperuricemia of Maonan nationality in Guangxi.

Breakthrough points of pharmaceutical care in treatment of patients with heat stroke / 药学实践杂志

Objective To explore the breakthrough points of pharmaceutical care by clinical pharmacists for patients with heat stroke .Methods Clinical pharmacists participated in the treatment of patients with heat stroke ,focused on the key points of effective treatment of heat stroke ,and put forward some suggestions for reasonable drug use from the aspects of active brain protection ,correction of coagulation disorders ,protection of multiple organ function and effective infection control .Results The potential drug side effects were minimized ,the medication safety and the therapeutic outcome were optimized .Conclusion Clinical pharmacists improved clinical rational drug use by actively participating in the treatment of heat stroke with drug therapy .

Research on Results of Plasma Mycophenolic Acid Concentration Detected by EMIT and HPLC in the Patients after Renal Transplantation / 现代检验医学杂志

Objective The correlation and agreement of mycophenolic acid (MPA) plasma concentrations that detected by enzyme extended immunoassay (EMIT) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were studied using Pearson's correlation and Bland-Altman plots.METHODS 435 plasma samples were collected from 95 renal transplant patients who were treated with MPA from October 2014 to December 2015.The MPA plasma concentrations were simultaneously measured by EMIT and HPLC respectively,and the results were divided into two levels.Paired t test and Pearson's correlation were performed using SPSS13.0 to evaluate the relationships between the results in each level.The Bland-Altman plot was used to assess the agreement of the results of two methods.Results Higher concentrations were obtained with EMIT,there was a significant positive bias of EMIT for MPA(20.94％ ±14.42 ％,P＜0.001).Pearson's correlation analysis and Bland-Altman analysis showed that the results from different methods presented good correlation (r＞0.98) and agreement.Conclusion The results of EMIT were higher than that of HPLC.There were good correlation and agreement between the two methods.The differences between EMIT and HPLC suggest that different therapeutic window should be set up when the two methods are used for MPA therapeutic drug monitoring.

Pulsatile delivery pellets:research advances / 国际药学研究杂志

Under physiological conditions, many vital functions of the body are controlled by transient release of bioactive substances at a specific time and site. Based on the circadian rhythm character of disease and chronotherapeutic conceptions, pulsatile delivery system has been designed to achieve optimal therapeutic effect and reduce the toxic and side-effect. In recent years, more and more studies are focused on the pulsatile multiparticulate drug delivery system. Pulsatile multiparticulate system possesses many benefits, such as no risk of dose dumping, predictable gastric emptying, flexible release patterns and increased bioavailability. Based on these premises, the aim of this review is to summarize the major design methods of pulsatile multiparticulate and the research progress.

Effect of biofeedback in regulation of masseter muscle myoelectric activities / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of the biofeedback in regulating the myoelectric activities of the masseter muscles.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty orthodontic patients aged from 10 to 14 years with Angle Class II malocclusion, retrusive mandible, and an ANB angle > 6° were enrolled in this study. The muscular activities of the anterior temporal muscle and the masseter muscle were evaluated before, during, and after biofeedback treatment by assessing the average integrated electromyogram and temporal/masseter (T/M) ratio in the clenching status.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The patients' myoelectric activities of the anterior temporal muscle was significantly increased after biofeedback treatment (P<0.05). The patients' T/M ratio in the clenching status was increased after the treatment (1.76 ± 1.46 before treatment, 4.71 ± 4.03 immediately after treatment, and 2.57 ± 2.07 at 1 day after treatment; t=4.86, P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Biofeedback treatment can regulate the activities of the anterior temporal and masseter muscles and increase the T/M ratio in the clenching status.</p>

Pulsatile delivery pellets research advances / 国际药学研究杂志

Under physiological conditions, many vital functions of the body are controlled by transient release of bioactive substances at a specific time and site. Based on the circadian rhythm character of disease and chronotherapeutic conceptions, pulsatile delivery system has been designed to achieve optimal therapeutic effect and reduce the toxic and side-effect. In recent years, more and more studies are focused on the pulsatile multiparticulate drug delivery system. Pulsatile multiparticulate system possesses many benefits, such as no risk of dose dumping, predictable gastric emptying, flexible release patterns and increased bioavailability. Based on these premises, the aim of this review is to summarize the major design methods of pulsatile multiparticulate and the research progress.

Determination of Pharmacokinetics Differences of Ammuxetine Isomers in Rat Plasma Using On-Line Solid Phase Extraction with Liquid Chrommatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry / 分析化学

An on-line solid phase extraction ( SPE ) coupled with HPLC-MS/MS method was developed to determine S-ammuxetine and R-ammuxetine in rat plasma. The sample preparation consisted of the following steps:A protein precipitation extraction used methanol and acetonitrile ( 50:50 , V/V ); an on-line SPE treatment to remove most matrixes in plasma;an enrichment and separation step used a C18 analytical column. S-and R-ammuxetine were determined by tandem mass spectrometry. The SPE column was a Retain PEP Javelin (10 mm × 2. 1 mm × 5 μm), while the chromatographic separation was achieved using a ZORBAX SB-C18 (50 mm × 2. 1 mm × 3. 5 μm) analytical column with an isocratic mobile phase composed of acetonitrile-water-formic acid (40:60:0. 1, V/V/V, 0. 3 mL/min). The selected reaction monitoring mode of the positive ion was performed and the precursor to the product ion transitions of m/z 292 . 1/154 . 0 and m/z 260. 4/116. 2 were used to measure S-ammuxetine, R-ammuxetine and internal standard (propranolol). The method was linear over a concentration range from 0 . 2 to 1000 μg/L with the correlation coefficients of 0 . 9903 and 0 . 9951 . The average intra-day precision values were 1 . 2% -12 . 0% for S-ammuxetine and 0. 4%-11. 2% for R-ammuxetine, respectively. The average recoveries were 94. 2%-101. 6% for S-ammuxetine and 94. 3% -109. 4% for R-ammuxetine. Compared to the literature, the sensitivity of this method increased dramatically. The present method has been successfully applied to the preclinical rat research of ammuxetine isomers following intragastric administration.

Relationship between masseter muscle electromyographic activities and the position of the mandible / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the changes in electromyographic activities of the temporal and masseter muscles at different positions of the mandible.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty orthodontic patients with Angle Class II malocclusion and mandibular retrusion (ANB<6°) aged 10-14 years were enrolled in this study. All the patients were treated with Forsus fixed functional appliance combined with MBT straight-wire appliance. The electromyographic activities of the temporal (T) and masseter (M) muscles before, during and after functional treatment were evaluated by assessing the average integrated electromyogram (EMG) and T/M ratio at clenching status in different mandibular positions.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After functional forward positioning of the mandible, the electromyographic activities of the temporal and masseter muscles decreased and T/M ratio increased significance at the clenching status (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The appliance insertion and activation is associated with a decreased EMG activity of the temporal and masseter muscles, and the T/M ratio is correlated to the position of the mandible.</p>

Application of spiral CT three-dimensional reconstruction in treatment planning of impacted teeth / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess the value of three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction in treatment planning of impacted teeth.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty-two orthodontic patients with impacted teeth aged from 13 to 17 years were enrolled, including 15 with impacted maxillary canines, 8 with impacted premolars and 6 with second molar impaction and retention. All the impacted teeth were examined by spiral CT scan and 3D reconstruction to determine the 3D position of the tooth in relation to both the crown and root, and the proximity to the roots of other teeth. The data were used for treatment planning and determination of the suitable direction of the orthodontic forces, approaches of surgical exposure, and the position of the attachment to be bonded.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Normal occlusion was achieved for 15 patients with transposition maxillary canines and 5 with lower position premolar. Three malformed premolars were extracted after traction. For 9 patients with second molar impaction and retention, normal occlusion was achieved after extraction of the third molar or moving the first molar mesial.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Spiral CT scan and 3D reconstruction can accurately determine the 3D position of the impacted tooth and provide assistance in the treatment planning to achieve a higher success rate of orthodontic correction.</p>

Effects of biofeedback in modification of Angle Class Ⅱ malocclusion and returned mandible / 中华医学美学美容杂志

Objective To study the effects of biofeedback combined with the fixed functional appliance in the modification of mandible in patients with Angle Class Ⅱ malocclusion and retruded mandible.Methods A Iotal of 30 orthodontic patients were divided into two groups,all patients with retruded mandible and normal maxilla,ANB>6°,aged from 9 years and three months to 14 years and 11 months.All patients were treated with Forsus fixed functional appliance combined with MBT straight-wire appliance.Muscular activity of the superficial masseter muscle before,during,and after treatment.was evaluated by assessing the average integrated eleetromyogram (EMG) .The biofeedback was performed during functional treatment in the study group,the muscular activity of the superficial masseter muscle was turned into the signal which can be read and seen by patients,and the patient can control the muscular activity of the superficial masseter muscle in a certain extent under the help of instrument.After 6 weeks fixed functional appliance treatment,the biofeedback treatment was performed in the study group with the help of instrument and trained for 10 times,and the patients could trained by themselves for 20 minutes everyday.Results The biofeedback treatment was able to regulate the muscular activity of the masseter muscle and prevent the return of muscle function and the tendency to seat the condyle back toward the fossa,maintain the treatment effect;after biofeedback treatment the decreased postural EMG activity in the masseter muscle was steady,but without statistical significance (P>0.05).Conclusion The biofeedback treatment can maintain the muscular activity of the masseter muscle effectively,enhance the effect of functional treatment and keep the stability of the mandibular position.

Mechanism of combined use of cyclopamine and hydroxycamptothecin in inducing the apoptosis of human oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the mechanism underlying the effect of combined use of cyclonpamine and hydroxycamptothecin in inducing the apoptosis of human oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line (OSCC) HSQ-89.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>CCK8 assay was used to investigate the inhibitory effect of cyclopamine on HSQ-89 cells. Flow cytometry (FCM) was employed to examine the cell apoptosis following combined treatment with cyclonpamine and hydroxycamptothecin. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was applied to detect the mRNA expressions of Bcl-2, Bcl-xl, and Bid in HSQ-89 cells after the treatments.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Combined treatment with cyclonpamine and hydroxycamptothecin significantly inhibited the cell proliferation compared with hydroxycamptothecin treatment alone, also resulting in a significantly higher apoptosis rate of the cells (P<0.05). The mRNA level of Bcl-2 was significantly decreased after the treatments, especially after the combined treatment. Cyclopamine produced no significant effect on the mRNA levels of Bcl-xl and Bid in the cells.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The combined use of cyclopamine and hydroxycamptothecin significantly down-regulates the expression on of bcl-2 to induce the apoptosis of human OSCC cell line HSQ-89.</p>

Clinical value of PET in identifying cervical nodal metastases of tongue cancer: a comparison with CT/MRI and clinical palpation in 38 cases / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess the value of PET in the identification of cervical nodal metastases of tongue cancer in comparison with CT/MRI and clinical palpation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty-eight patients with tongue cancer underwent PET and CT/MRI within 2 weeks before surgery. The results of PET, CT/MRI, and clinical palpation were interpreted separately to assess the regional lymph node status, using histopathological analysis as the golden standard. The differences in the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy among the imaging modalities and clinical palpation were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The sensitivity of PET for nodal metastasis identification was 11.1% higher than that of CT/MRI (83.3% vs 72.2%, P=0.423) and 16.6% higher than that of clinical palpation (83.3% vs 66.7%, P=0.248). The specificity of PET was 5% higher than that of CT/MRI (80% vs 75%, P=0.703) and 15% higher than that of clinical palpation (80% vs 65%, P=0.288). The accuracy of PET, CT/MRI, and clinical palpation in identifying cervical nodal metastases was 81.6%, 73.7% and 65.8%, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of PET for detecting cervical nodal metastases are greater than those of CT/MRI and clinical palpation. Although the results failed to show statistically significant differences, we still recommend that PET be used as a supplementary modality for identifying nodal metastases of tongue cancer.</p>

Epigallocatechin-3-gallate induces G1 phase cell cycle arrest in KB cells / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the effects of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on the proliferation of human oral epithelial cancer cell line KB cells and the molecular mechanisms.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>KB cells were treated with various concentrations of EGCG for 24 or 48 h. MTT assay was used to test the cell viability. The changes of cell cycle in KB cells treated with EGCG for 48 h were analyzed using flow cytometry. The expressions of cyclin A, cyclin D1 and cyclin E were detected by RT-PCR and Western blotting.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The viability of KB cells treated with various concentrations of EGCG (25, 50, 100, 200, 400, and 800 micromol/L) for 48 h were decreased to (85.4-/+2.4)%, (80.4-/+2.8)%, (51.5-/+4.5)%, (30.2-/+1.9)%, (25.3-/+1.5)%, (20.0-/+1.1)%, respectively, showing significant difference from that of the control group [(100.0-/+2.2)%, P<0.05). EGCG decreased the viabilities of KB cells in a dose-dependent manner. Flow cytometry demonstrated that treatment with EGCG significantly increased the cell percentage in sub-G1 phase, which was (73.5-/+4.4)% after a 48-h EGCG treatment, significantly different from that in the control group [(47.3-/+3.5)%, P<0.05). EGCG-induced G1 phase arrest was correlated to the down-regulation of cyclin A and cyclin E.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>EGCG inhibits the proliferation of KB cells by inducing G1 phase arrest, which involves the downregulation of cyclin E.</p>

Clinical application of positron-emission tomography for the identification of cervical nodal metastases of head and neck cancer compared with CT or MRI and clinical palpation / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the value of positron-emission tomography (PET) for the identification of cervical nodal metastases of head and neck cancer compared with CT/MRI and clinical palpation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty patients of head and neck cancer underwent PET and CT/MRI examination 2 weeks before surgery. PET, CT/MRI and clinical palpation were interpreted separately to assess regional lymph node status. Histopathologic analysis was used as the gold standard for assessment of the lymph node involvement. Differences in sensitivity, specificity and accuracy among the imaging modalities and clinical palpation were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The sensitivity of PET for the identification of nodal metastases was 14.3% higher than that of CT/MRI (P = 0.648) and 14.3% higher than that of clinical palpation (P = 0.648), whereas the specificity of PET was 15.4% higher than that of CT/MRI (P = 0.188) and 7.7% higher than that of clinical palpation (P = 0.482). The accuracy of 18F-FDG PET, CT/MRI, and clinical palpation for the identification of cervical nodal metastases was 85.0%, 70.0% and 75.0% respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of PET for the detection of cervical nodal metastases was higher than that of CT/MRI and clinical palpation. Although the results did not show a statistically significant difference, PET can still serve as a supplementary method for the identification of nodal metastases of head and neck cancer.</p>

Study on Population of Bacterial Physiological Groups in Tomato with Different Resistance to Ralstonia solanacearum / 微生物学通报

The population of bacterial physiological groups in tomato with different resistant to Ralstonia solanacearum was studied. The results suggested that endophytic bacterial communities and population in tomato variety changed with different resistant cultivars, different stages of tomato and seasons. It was con-ducted that the amount of ammoniation bacteria was the highest among the seven physiological bacterial groups. There were more ammoniation bacteria in high resistant tomato cultivars than that in high suscepti-ble cultivars. It may indicate that ammoniation bacteria played a key role in the occurrence of tomato bacte-rial wilt. In addition, the total amount of physiological bacteria in resistant cultivars was more than that in susceptible cultivars in different stages of tomato, and the tendency of changing displayed fluctuation. The average level of quantities of the ammoniation bacteria, nitrifiers bacteria, erobic nitogenfixing bacteria and desulphate reducer bacteria in summer were higher than that in winter, while the population of the sulphate reduced bacteria in winter was higher than that in summer. Furthermore, the amount of anaerobic bacteria was the least among them.