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OBJECTIVE To investigate the transgenerational effect of neuroendocrine metabolic programmed alteration in adult intrauterine growth retardation (lUGR) offspring rats with prenatal nicotine exposure. METHODS Pregnant Wistar rats were administered daily with nicotine (2 mg.kg-1 ) by sc from gestational day 11 until delivery. F1 offspring was fed with a standard diet before four groups in F2 were set up according to the cross-mating between F1 normal adult rats and nicotine-induced lUGR adult rats. CC group was mated by F1 normal adult rats, CN group by F1 normal adult male rats and lUGR adult female rats, NC group by F1 lUGR adult male rats and normal adult female rats, while NN group was mated by F1 lUGR adult rats. F2 adult rats were subjected to a fortnight ice water swimming stimulus. Blood samples were collected before and after stress and then detected for the levels of adrenocortico-tropic hormone ( ACTH), corticosterone ( CORT), glucose, triglycerides ( TG) and total cholesterol (TCH). RESULTS Before stress, the level of serum CORT in F2 male rats of NN group was decreased to 73.9% of that of the CC group (P<0.05),while the level of serum TG in F2 male rats of CN and NC groups was increased to 1.43 and 1.52 times that of the CC group, respectively ( P<0.05). Meanwhile, the level of serum TG in F2 female rats of CN, NC and NN groups was increased to 1.71, 1.80 and 1.81 times that of the CC group, respectively (P<0.05). After stress, the serum CORT gain rate in F2 male rats of CC group was -1.67%, but was 36.0% in NN group. The serum glucose level in male NC group and in female CN group was increased to 1.61 and 1.62 times that of the corresponded CC groups, respectively (P<0.01). Furthermore, the serum TG gain rate in F2 rats of each nicotine group was decreased markedly in comparison with their corresponding controls (P<0.05), ie, the serum TG gain rates in F2 male rats of CN, NC and NN groups were decreased to 46.4%, 16.7% and 7.7% of the CC group, while the serum TG gain rates in F2 female rats of these groups were decreased to 20.6%, 4.0% and 8.4% of the CC group, respectively. Compared with CC group, TCH level of females and males in NN group was decreased by 40.5% and 21.9%(P<0.01) before stress, respectively, and the TCH gain rate of females in NN group was increased by 49.7%(P<0.05) after stress. CONCLUSION The reproductive and developmental toxicities and the neuroendocrine metabolic programming alterations induced by prenatal nicotine exposure are transgenerated to F2 offspring and these effects exhibit gender and parental differences.
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OBJECTIVE To investigate the transgenerational effects of a hypothala mic-pituitary-ad-renal (HPA)axis -associated neuroendocrine metabolic progra mming alteration fro m F1 to adult second generation (F2)with prenatal ethanol ingestion.METHODS Pregnant Wistar rats were ad ministered with ethanol (4 mg·kg -1·d -1 )fro m gestational day 1 1 until delivery.F1 rats were fed a high-fat diet fro m postnatal week 4 (PW4)and were cross-mated in PW 16 -20.F2 rats were fed a standard diet fro m PW4 and rectal te mperature was measured in PW20,oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)was con-ducted in PW21 ,blood sa mples and hypothala mus were collected in PW24 to investigate seru m lipids and HPA axis activity.RESULTS Co mparing to the F2 control group ,rectal te mperature in F2 ethanol group were higher (P<0.01 ),sugar tolerance in F2 male group was i mpaired (P<0.05),seru m corti-costerone and hypothala mus arginine vasopressin (AVP) mRNA were increased (P <0.05);seru m insulin were decreased (P<0.05)and male rats showed i mpaired glucose tolerance (P<0.05);seru m high-density lipoproteincholesterol (HDL-C)decrease (P <0.05)and total cholesterol (TCH)/HDL-C and low density lipoproteincholesterol (LDL-C)/HDL-C ratios were markedly increased (P <0.05,P <0.01 ).CONCLUSION Prenatal ethanol exposure induced metabolic syndro me has transgenerational effects,which may originate fro m the intrauterine progra mming of altered HPA axis-associated neuroen-docrine metabolis m.
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[Objective]To investigate the effect of salvianoli acid B and hyperoxic solution on experimental ischemia reperfusion injury of extremities.[Method]Twenty-four healthy New Zealand rabbits were divided into 4 groups randomly.Equivalent 0.9%Nacl(group A),hyperoxic solution(group B),salvianoli acid B(group C),salvianoli acid B and hyperoxic solution(group D) were injected through ear edge vein before ischemia.The femoral artery and vein were blocked and the model of ischemia reperfusion injury of extremities was set up.Before ischemia and after 4 hour's reperfusion,the blood samples were taken to measure the levels of blood malondialdehyde(MDA) and superoxide dismutase(SOD).The gastrocnemius muscles were observed by pathologic test.[Result]Serum enzymatic activity of MDA improved obviously.Salvianoli acid B and hyperoxic solution could prevent the improvement of it(P