Beta-lactamase producing bacterial cystitis: bacteriological profile and in vitro activity of norfloxacin

Cystitis infections caused by beta-lactamase producing bacteria were studied, it accounted for 279/355 [78. 6%] of all cystitis cases, 102 were outpatients and 187 were inpatients. The most prevalent isolated organisms were, K. pneumoniae, S. marcescens, E. coIi. P. aeruginosa and S. coagulase +ve. The in vitro activity of norfloxacin as a member of fluoroquinolones was determined, it was resisted in 48/279 [17.2%] of the isolates compared to 209/279 [74. 9%] for nalidixic acid and 192/279 68.8% for trimethoprim S. methoxazole. A higher incidence of norfloxacin resistance was found in K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa. The comparative potency of norfloxacin versus nalidixic acid revealed that the MIC[90] of norfloxacin is 4 folds less than the MIC[90] nalidixic acid. Norfloxacin could be considered in more effective irradication of the bacterial causes of cystitis specially those caused by Beta-lactamase producing bacteria

Hepatitis B and hepatitis C viral infections among Egyptian hemodialysis patients: study on some of the contributing factors

In this work we studied the incidence of hepatitis B virus [HBV] and hepatitis C virus [HCV] infections among 150 Egyptian hemodilaysis patients, 70% of them had hepatitis viral infections, 73% were HBV infected, 8% were HCV infected and 25% had combined HBV and HCV infection. When investigating the possible contributing factors, blood transfusion and prolonged hemodialysis were found significantly associated with HCV infection [P<0.05]. Two serum liver function tests were studied as possible non invasive predictors for these viral infections in such patients; the elevated s. bilirubin level was found non significantly associated with HCV infection while elevated sGPT was found significantly associated with HCV infections. These viral infections could be easily predicted by serum biochemical tests, should be screened periodically and precautionary steps have to be set up to reduce the high incidence of infection

Cytomegalovirus infection in relation to immunosuppression after renal transplantation

Cytomegalovirus [CMV] is the most common upportunistic virus affccting the renal transplant recipients. 163 living related renal allogaft recipients were included in this immunosuppressive agents used. Enzyme immunoassay [EIA] was used to detect the CMV scpcific IgM antibodies in sera after removal of the rheumatoid factor [RF]. 21 patient were found seropositive, 20 of them 92% were above the age of 40 and 12 [57%] were males. In relation to the immunosuppression 98 patients were on conventional therapy and 12% of them [12/ 98] were seropositive for CMV, 65 patients were on cyclosporine- A [Cy-A] monotherapy 14% of them [9/65] were CMV scropositive. In relation to the graft rejection 85 patients had good graft function while on conventional immunosuppression, 7% of them [6/85] were seropositive compared to 185% [7/38] of those with good functioning graft while on Cy.A 23.5% of the moderately functioning graft on convetional therapy [4/17] were seropositive compared to 20% [1/5] of those on Cy-A 'with moderately functioning graft. We fouund that 12.5% of the poor functioning graft on conventional therapy [2/16] were seropositive compared to 50% [1/2] of those on Cy-A with moderately functioning graft. In cunclusion CMV infection is quite common in renal transplant recipients and significantly mure prevalent in males, also it was found significantly associaled with the occurrence of rejection episodes but although it was more prevalent in patient receiving the conventional therapy the difference from those on Cy-A was not significant