Quantitative assessment of occupational health risks in workers exposed to low-level dichloromethane / 中国职业医学

OBJECTIVE: To quantitatively evaluate the non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks of low-level dichloromethane(DCM) exposure. METHODS: A typical sampling method was used to select workers from an engine factory and an automobile parts factory as the research subjects. After hazard identification and hazard characteristic assessment, the occupational health risks of DCM in the workplace were quantitatively assessed by non-carcinogenic risk assessment and carcinogenic risk assessment. RESULTS: The highest exposure concentration of short-term of DCM was 43.6 mg/m~3 in the air of eight DCM job posts in these two enterprises, which was lower than the operational level of 300.0 mg/m~3(half of the occupational exposure limit in China). Under this premise, the non-carcinogenic risk assessment results showed that the non-carcinogenic risk caused by inhalation of DCM was unacceptable in workers of these eight job posts. The results of carcinogenic risk assessment showed that the carcinogenic risk caused by inhalation of DCM was acceptable for all the workers in these eight job posts. CONCLUSION: Low-level DCM exposure can cause unacceptable occupational health risks to workers. Quantitative risk assessment can be applied to assess exposure to low-level chemicals.

A Rapid Protocol for Screening Genetically Modified Soybeans Based on Positive Plasmid Molecule Containing Multiple Targets / 中国生物化学与分子生物学报

Recently we witness the rising number of genetically modified (GM) soybean (Glycine max) events approved for importing from abroad and developed domestically, so it is urgent to establish a rapid screening protocol that can cover more events with less detection targets and fit the national condition. Additionally, in order to control the detection workload, it is also necessary to construct a multi-targets plasmid (MTP) molecule that can be used as the positive material. In this study, the information of the transgenic elements in 29 GM soybean events was collected and the combinations and frequencies of these elements were analyzed, to establish a novel screening protocol. It includes eight detecting targets, CaMV 35S promoter (P-35S), NOS terminator (T-nos), herbicide tolerance gene pat, E9 terminator (T-E9), insecticidal gene cry1Ac, AHAS promoter (P-AHAS), pin Ⅱ terminator (T-pin Ⅱ), and the event-specific sequence of the transgenic event DP305423, and an endogenous reference gene of soybean Lectin. After validation, the 29 GM soybean events described above can be screened by detection of the nine targets. This is referred to as the “8+1” protocol for GM soybean screening. Then these targeted sequences described in the protocol were simultaneously inserted into a cloning vector to construct the corresponding MTP pDDSC-1910. Finally, we tested whether it could be a positive plasmid. As expected, PCR analysis using pDDSC-1910 as a template showed that specific amplicons were observed with high sensitivity. Therefore, the “8+1” screening protocol for GM soybean was established, and the positive plasmid molecule pDDSC-1910 containing corresponding targets was successfully constructed. These results would facilitate the efficient screening and detection of transgenic soybeans.

Role of intraoperative amylase from the pancreatic stump in predicting the presence of pancreatic fistula / 中华胰腺病杂志

Objective To investigate the predictive role of the intraoperative amylase ( IOA ) from pancreatic stump for postoperative pancreatic fistula. Methods The clinical data of 26 patients who received distal pancreatectomy ( DP) and central pancreatectomy ( CP) in the Shanghai Ruijin Hospital from June 2017 to July 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. IOA and peri-operative potential clinical factors associated with pancreatic fistula were analyzed. Receiver operating characteristics ( ROC) curve was drawn to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of IOA from pancreatic stump in predicting postoperative pancreatic fistula, and the sensitivity and specificity were calculated. Results Of 26 patients, 19 patients underwent DP and 7 patients underwent CP. 9 patients (34.6％,9/26)had class A pancreatic fistula (biochemical leak) and 11 patients (42. 3％,11/26) had class B pancreatic fistula after surgery, and no class C pancreatic fistula occurred. Univariate analysis showed that IOA from pancreatic stump in clinically relevant pancreatic fistula group was higher than that in clinically irrelevant pancreatic fistula group(7971. 82 ± 4387. 98 vs 1589. 20 ± 1405. 00, P=0. 001). Area under the curve ( AUC) of IOA in predicting the development of clinically relevant pancreatic fistula after surgery was 0. 921 and 95％ confidential interval was 0. 807-1. 000. The optimal cut-off value was 3622 U/L , and the sensitivity and specificity were 90. 9％ and 86. 7％. Conclusions IOA from pancreatic stump could serve as a clinical indicator for predicting the occurrence of postoperative pancreatic fistula.

Identification of poliumoside metabolites in rat plasma, urine, bile, and intestinal bacteria with UPLC/Q-TOF-MS / 中国天然药物

Poliumoside is representative of phenylethanoid glycosides, which are widely found in many plants. Poliumoside is also regarded as the main active component of Callicarpa kwangtungensis Chun (CK), though its oral bioavailability in rat is extremely low (0.69%) and its in vivo and in vitro metabolism has not yet been systematically investigated. In the present study, an ultra performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/Q-TOF-MS) method was employed to identify the metabolites and investigate the metabolic pathways of poliumoside in rat after oral administration 1.5 g·kg of poliumoside. As a result, a total of 34 metabolites (30 from urine, 17 from plasma, and 4 from bile) and 9 possible metabolic pathways (rearrangment, reduction, hydration, hydrolyzation, dehydration, methylation, hydroxylation, acetylation, and sulfation) were proposed in vivo. The main metabolite, acteoside, was quantified after incubated with rat intestinal bacteria in vitro. In conclusion, the present study systematically explored the metabolites of poliumoside in vivo and in vitro, proposing metabolic pathways that may be significant for further metabolic studies of poliumoside.

Identification of poliumoside metabolites in rat plasma, urine, bile, and intestinal bacteria with UPLC/Q-TOF-MS / 中国天然药物

Poliumoside is representative of phenylethanoid glycosides, which are widely found in many plants. Poliumoside is also regarded as the main active component of Callicarpa kwangtungensis Chun (CK), though its oral bioavailability in rat is extremely low (0.69%) and its in vivo and in vitro metabolism has not yet been systematically investigated. In the present study, an ultra performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/Q-TOF-MS) method was employed to identify the metabolites and investigate the metabolic pathways of poliumoside in rat after oral administration 1.5 g·kg of poliumoside. As a result, a total of 34 metabolites (30 from urine, 17 from plasma, and 4 from bile) and 9 possible metabolic pathways (rearrangment, reduction, hydration, hydrolyzation, dehydration, methylation, hydroxylation, acetylation, and sulfation) were proposed in vivo. The main metabolite, acteoside, was quantified after incubated with rat intestinal bacteria in vitro. In conclusion, the present study systematically explored the metabolites of poliumoside in vivo and in vitro, proposing metabolic pathways that may be significant for further metabolic studies of poliumoside.

Application of Animal Ethical Education in Comprehensive Experimental Teaching of Preclinical Medicine / 中国医学伦理学

Through the discussion of the basic components and development of experimental animal ethical education and the effect of strengthening animal ethical education on comprehensive experimental teaching of preclinical medicine,this paper analyzed the status of animal ethical education in the comprehensive experimental teaching of preclinical medicine,and pointed out the medical students' existing problems of animal ethical education in the comprehensive experimental teaching of preclinical medicine,including that they didn't understand the real meaning of animal experiments and the experimental attitude was not correct;they ignored the feelings of experimental animals and increased the pain of experimental animals;school did not provide specialized animal ethics education and related animal ethics research was inadequate.And this paper put forward the countermeasures aiming at the as follows,teachers need to expound animal ethics knowledge before the experiment,strengthen experimental operation management and standardize the operation of animal experiments;the teachers should teach by personal example and verbal instruction and pay attention to animal ethical education in the experimental teaching process.

Rapid characterization of chemical constituents in capillary wormwood extract based on UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap / 中国中药杂志

A rapid and sensitive UHPLC-HR-MSn method was developed for the identification of chemical constituents in capillary wormwood extract. ACQUITY UHPLC HSS T3 chromatography column (2.1 mm×100 mm, 1.7 μm) was used with 0.1% formic acid-acetonitrile solution as the mobile phase in gradient elution. The extract was detected by ESI-LTQ-Orbitrap equipped with an ESI ion source in a negative mode. Based on the accurate mass measurements, retention time, mass fragmentation patterns and literature reports, a total of 50 compounds including 21 flavonoids, 22 phenolic acids, 6 coumarins and 1 other compound were tentatively screened and characterized. These results are helpful for the comprehensive quality control, better comprehension of the metabolism and further study of pharmacodynamic substance from capillary wormwood extract.

Application of the Low-dose One-stop-shop Cardiac CT Protocol with Third-generation Dual-source CT / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To evaluate the feasibility of a low-dose one-stop-shop cardiac CT imaging protocol with third-generation dual-source CT (DSCT). Methods Totally 23 coronary artery disease (CAD) patients were prospectively enrolled between March to September in 2016. All patients underwent an ATP stress dynamic myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) (data acquired prospectively ECG-triggered during end systole by table shuttle mode in 32 seconds) at 70 kV combined with prospectively ECG-triggered high-pitch coronary artery angiography (CCTA) on a third-generation DSCT system. Myocardial blood flow (MBF) was quantified and compared between perfusion normal and abnormal myocardial segments based on AHA-17-segment model. CCTA images were evaluated qualitatively based on SCCT-18-segment model and the effective dose(ED) was calculated. In patients with subsequent catheter coronary angiography (CCA) as reference,the diagnosis performance of MPI (for per-vessel ≥50% and ≥70% stenosis) and CCTA (for≥50% stenosis) were assessed. Results Of 23 patients who had completed the examination of ATP stress MPI plus CCTA,12 patients received follow-up CCA. At ATP stress MPI,77 segments (19.7%) in 13 patients (56.5%) had perfusion abnormalities. The MBF values of hypo-perfused myocardial segments decreased significantly compared with normal segments [(93±22)ml/(100 ml·min) vs. (147±27)ml/(100 ml·min);t=15.978,P=0.000]. At CCTA,93.9% (308/328) of the coronary segments had diagnostic image quality. With CCA as the reference standard,the per-vessel and per-segment sensitivity,specificity,and accuracy of CCTA for stenosis≥50% were 94.1%,93.5%,and 93.7% and 90.9%,97.8%,and 96.8%,and the per-vessel sensitivity,specificity and accuracy of ATP stress MPI for stenosis≥50% and ≥70% were 68.7%,100%,and 89.5% and 91.7%,100%,and 97.9%. The total ED of MPI and CCTA was (3.9±1.3) mSv [MPI:(3.5±1.2) mSv,CCTA:(0.3±0.1) mSv]. Conclusion The third-generation DSCT stress dynamic MPI at 70 kV combined with prospectively ECG-triggered high-pitch CCTA is a feasible and reliable tool for clinical diagnosis,with remarkably reduced radiation dose.

Long-term Efficacy of Subthalamic Nucleus Deep Brain Stimulation in Parkinson's Disease: A 5-year Follow-up Study in China / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN DBS) is effective against advanced Parkinson's disease (PD), allowing dramatic improvement of Parkinsonism, in addition to a significant reduction in medication. Here we aimed to investigate the long-term effect of STN DBS in Chinese PD patients, which has not been thoroughly studied in China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Ten PD patients were assessed before DBS and followed up 1, 3, and 5 years later using Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale Part III (UPDRS III), Parkinson's Disease Questionnatire-39, Parkinson's Disease Sleep Scale-Chinese Version, Mini-mental State Examination, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Hamilton Anxiety Scale and Hamilton Depression Scale. Stimulation parameters and drug dosages were recorded at each follow-up. Data were analyzed using the ANOVA for repeated measures.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the "off" state (off medication), DBS improved UPDRS III scores by 35.87% in 5 years, compared with preoperative baseline (P < 0.001). In the "on" state (on medication), motor scores at 5 years were similar to the results of preoperative levodopa challenge test. The quality of life is improved by 58.18% (P < 0.001) from baseline to 3 years and gradually declined afterward. Sleep, cognition, and emotion were mostly unchanged. Levodopa equivalent daily dose was reduced from 660.4 ± 210.1 mg at baseline to 310.6 ± 158.4 mg at 5 years (by 52.96%, P < 0.001). The average pulse width, frequency and amplitude at 5 years were 75.0 ± 18.21 μs, 138.5 ± 19.34 Hz, and 2.68 ± 0.43 V, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>STN DBS is an effective intervention for PD, although associated with a slightly diminished efficacy after 5 years. Compared with other studies, patients in our study required lower voltage and medication for satisfactory symptom control.</p>

The effect of glucocorticoid on bone mineral density and bone turnover makers in patients with glomerular diseases / 实用医学杂志

Objective To investigate the the effect of long-term glucocorticoid on bone mineral density (BMD) and bone turnover makers in patients with glomerular diseases. Methods The dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was used to measure the bone mineral density of lumbar spine (L1~L4), femoral neck and trochanter of the 97 patients treated with glucocorticoid and the 20 patients in the control group. In addition , ELISA assay was used to measure the concentrations of bone turnover makers including serum PINP and CTX-I. Results (1)Compared with the control group, the BMD of lumbar spine (L1 ~ L4), femoral neck and trochanter and the concentrations of PINP were significantly lower, while the concentration of CTX-I was increased (P < 0.05);(2) Following up the passage of time and the accumulation of the amount of GC application , the BMD of lumbar spine , femoral neck and trochanter , and the concentrations of PINP decreased , while the concentration of CTX-I steadily increased (P<0.05);(3)Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that the BMD of lumbar spine and trochanter were negatively correlated with the time of GC application (P<0.01),and the concentrations of PINP and CTX-I were correlated with the cumulative doses of GC (r = -0.310 vs 0.221, P < 0.05);(4)The incidence of bone abnormalities in patients received vitamin D and calcium was markedly reduced (P<0.05). Conclusion The long-term glucocorticoid treatment for the patients with glomerular diseases can lead to bone mass reduction or osteoporosis , it can be helpful for early prevention and treatment of glucocorticoid osteoporosis with bone mineral density and bone turnover makers.

The expressions and value of von willebrand factor and P-selection in renal tissues of lupus nephritis and their significance / 中华风湿病学杂志

Objective To investigate the clinic-pathological significance of von Willebrand factor (vWF) and P-selectin expression in patients with lupus nephritis (LN).Methods Biopsy specimens from 71patients with LN whose disease course ranged from 2 months to 10 years were examined and scored according to a standardized method.SLE activity was evaluated by the SLE disease activity index (SLEDAI) and the British Isles Lupus Assessment Group index.Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expressions of vWF and P-selectin in the renal tissue of LN patients and 10 normal controls.Of all the patients,7 had World Health Organization type Ⅱ,10 had type Ⅲ and 36 had WHO type Ⅳ,18 had type Ⅴ lupus nephritis.At the same time,the 24-h urine protein (UP) excretion level,the serum creatinine,the serum C3,C4,album level,antinuclear antibody (ANA),anti-double stranded DNA and disease activity scores of all patients were detected.The relationship of their expressions with the clinicopathological parameters of lupus nephritis was analyzed.ANOVA,Nemenyi test and Pearson's analysis were used for statistical analysis.Results Compared with the control group,the in situ expressions of vWF and P-selectin in the lupus nephritis patients were significantly higher.Among these patients,renal expressions of vWF were higher in type Ⅳ (0.30±0.10) than those with type Ⅱ and Ⅲ (0.12±0.05,0.22±0.14)(x2=9.273,x2=8.712,P＜0.05),while the expressions of P-selectin were higher in type Ⅳ and Ⅴ (0.29±0.05,0.36.±0.10)than those in type Ⅱ and Ⅲ (0.27±0.09,0.29±0.05 )(P＜0.05).Correlation analysis indicated that vWF was correlated significantly with AI and 24-h UP (r=0.403,0.332,P＜0.05 ),while P-selectin was correlated significantly with the scores of activity index (AI),24-h UP excretion rate and SLEDAI (r=0.283,0.453,0.297,P＜0.05 ).The expression of vWF was also closely related to P-selectin expressions (r=0.371,P=0.001).Conclusion These results indicate that vWF and P-selectin play a critical role in the pathogenesis of LN.The detection of these two factors will provide a valuable clinical reference for renal damage.These information provide valuable clues for making better treatment regimen plan and achieving more favorable prognosis.

Anti-radiation behavior of plasma sprayed boron carbide coatings / 中华放射肿瘤学杂志

Objective To study anti-radiation behavior of plasma sprayed boron carbide coatings. Methods The anti-radiation capacity of 16Mn steel which was coated with 0.1 mm plasma sprayed boron carbide were studied. The irradiation beams were 6,10,15 MY X-ray and 6,9,12,15 MeV electron emitted by accelerator, X-ray emitted by 60Co machine,fast neutron, and X-ray emitted by kilovoltage X-ray ma-chine. Results Anti-radiation capacity of plasma sprayed boron carbide coatings was not found for X-ray beams emitted by accelerator and 60Co machine. For electron beams,the anti-radiation capacity were found. The deeper of location, the stronger was anti-radiation. However, the anti-radiation capacity was not good. For fast neutron,the anti-radiation capacity was good. For X-ray emitted by kilovoltage X-ray machine,the anti-radiation was good,and only 0.1 nun plasma sprayed boron carbide had 15% attenuation. Conclusions The plasma sprayed boron carbide coatings have the anti-radiation capacity for X-ray emitted by kilovoltage X-ray machine in medical field.

Detection and prognostic significance of micrometastasis in peripheral blood of patients with non-small cell lung cancer treated by chemo-radiation therapy / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the prognostic significance of micrometastasis (MM) in peripheral blood of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated by chemo-radiation therapy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Peripheral blood was taken from 67 NSCLC patients before and after definitive chemo-radiation therapy. CK19 mRNA of the peripheral blood was measured by nested RT-PCR and both their relationship with clinicopathological features and prognostic significance were further investigated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The micrometastasis-positive rates were 65.7% (44/67) and 32.8% (22/67), respectively, before and after the treatment. The micrometastasis-positive rate before treatment was closely in correlation with N-stage (P = 0.014). In contrast, it turned out to be more closely related with histological types (P = 0.019), weight loss (P = 0.01), KPS status (P = 0.027) as well as N-stage (P = 0.032) after chemo-radiation therapy. 4-yr distant metastasis rates (DMR) for micrometastasis-positive and -negative patients were 78.3% and 70.4%, respectively, before the treatment (P = 0.544) while they were 100% and 62.9%, respectively, after the chemoradiation (P < 0.001). The median survival time (MST) and 4-yr overall survival rate (OSR) for pretreatment micrometastasis-positive and -negative patients were 13.8 months and 17.6 months, and 18.2% and 17.4%, respectively (P = 0.619), while for post-treatment micrometastasis-positive and -negative patients they were 7.8 months and 27.6 months and 0 and 26.4%, respectively (P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that the post-treatment positive micrometastasis was an independent unfavorable prognostic factor (P = 0.000).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Detection of micrometastasis in peripheral blood may possess a prognostic significance after definitive chemo-radiation therapy. Micrometastasis-negative patients have better prognosis compared to those with positive micrometastasis.</p>

Comparative study on prognostic factors in young and old lung cancer patients under chemo-radiotherapy / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the differences in prognostic factors between the young and old lung cancer patients treated by chemo-radiotherapy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical data were collected from 70 young patients (< 40 years old, the study group) and 82 randomly selected old patients (> or = 40 years old, the control group) treated by chemo-radiotherapy. Survival analysis was done by the Kaplan-Meier method, univariate analysis by Log rank test and multivariate analysis by Cox proportional hazard model, respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Median survival time was 10 months in the study group and 12 months in the control group. The 2-year survival rate was 11.1% versus 23.1% and the 5-year survival was 3.1% versus 5.4%, respectively. Univariate analyses demonstrated that symptom duration time, mis-diagnosis duration time, clinical stage, chemo-radiation regimen, radiation dose, DDP dose, weight loss and Karnofsky performance status were associated with the prognosis of the study group, and symptom duration time, clinical stage, radiation dose, DDP dose, weight loss and Karnofsky performance status were associated with that of the control group. Multivariate analyses showed that clinical stage, weight loss and Karnofsky performance status were independent prognostic factors for both groups, but DDP dose only for the study group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The overall survival was similar in young and old patient groups; There was some difference in prognostic factors between the two groups; DDP dose was an independent prognostic factor for young lung cancer patients which might bear dose-response relationship.</p>

Iressa for refractory non-small cell lung cancer: A preliminary report / 中国肺癌杂志

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>To summarize the preliminary experience on Iressa for refractory non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fifty-five patients with NSCLC, who failed after surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy or combination of the above modalities, were registered in this clinical trail. Prior to Iressa, 50 patients were in stage IV, and 5 in stage III. Iressa was administered orally at 250 mg, once a day until cancer progressed or severe toxicity occured, which made patients intolerable. The median time for administration of Iressa was 4 months.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The toxicity of Iressa was tolerable with 47% of skin toxicity (rash) and 2%-7% of diarrhea, nausea, orally mucosal ulceration and alopecia. Overall response rate was 20%. Different sites of distant metastases responded to Iressa in different ways with higher response rate for pulmonary disseminations. One quarter of patients felt improvement of their symptoms over 2 weeks. Median survival time for entire group was 5 months (1-17 months). Median time to progression (TTP) was 3.6 months. Survival at 6 months was 67%. Prognostic predictor, which could imply the outcome, was skin toxicity with higher response rate and longer survival time ( P < 0.05), and no relationship with sex, histological types of NSCLC and distant metastasis had been found.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Iressa could be tolerated by refractory NSCLC patients with acceptable side-effects, and have palliative effects.</p>

Study of prognostic factors in patients with stage I non-small cell lung cancer / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the prognostic factors in patients with stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fifty-eight patients with stage I NSCLC treated from 1991 to 1995 were retrospectively reviewed. The clinical features, histopathology and prognostic factors were analyzed by SPSS10.0 statistic software. The expression of c-myc, MDM2, c-erbB-2, EGFR, p53, p14(ARF), p16(INK4), p21(WAF1) and nm23 was detected by immunohistochemical assay. The overall survival rate, local-regional control rate and distant metastasis rate were observed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The overall survival rate, local-regional recurrent rate and distant metastasis rate were 71.1%, 11.1% and 33.5%, respectively. In univariate analysis, tumor cell differentiation was an independent prognostic factor (P = 0.028); overexpression of c-myc or c-erbB-2 had significantly poor overall survival and high distant metastasis rate (P < 0.05). The total oncogene immunoreactive score (IRS) and comprehensive IRS were associated with poor overall survival. In multivariate analysis, tumor cell differentiation and comprehensive IRS were independent prognostic factors for overall survival. Among the high-risk group of patients, those who had received chemotherapy seemed to have a higher overall survival rate and a lower distant metastasis rate in this study, but the difference was not statistically significant.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>For stage I NSCLC patients, tumor cell differentiation and comprehensive IRS are independent prognostic factors for overall survival. Adjuvant chemotherapy might somehow improve the survival for the patients with high-risk factors.</p>

Clinico-pathologic and prognostic studies on lung adenocarcinoma patients under 40 years of age / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study whether the clinico-pathologic characteristics and survival of young lung cancer patients < 40 years of age differ from those of lung cancer patients >or= 40 years of age.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Retrospective analysis was carried out to compare the clinico-pathologic features and survival of 129 young patients (young group) with those of 140 randomly selected older ones (elderly group).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The young group, when compared with the older group, had more female (P = 0.037), longer mean duration of symptoms (4.7 m vs 2.5 m, P < 0.001), higher misdiagnostic rate (65.1% vs 24.3%, P < 0.001) with longer mean duration of misdiagnosis for the misdiagnosed patients (5.6 m vs 2.5 m, P < 0.001), more adenocarcinoma (54.3% vs 42.1%, P < 0.001), higher pathologic grade (69.5% vs 36.0%, P < 0.001), more advanced-stage diseases at diagnosis (74.4% vs 45.7%, P < 0.001), more patients receiving combined-modality treatment (94.6% vs 62.1%, P < 0.001) and more distant failures as initial relapse (64.7% vs 50.6%, P = 0.02). The median survivals and 5-year survival rates were better in patients with stage I-II disease in the young group than the older group (54 m vs 33 m and 46.2% vs 25.0%, P = 0.0495), even though the overall median survivals and 5-year survival rates were similar in either group (11 m vs 14 m and 8.3% vs 11.9%, P = 0.2889). There was no difference in family or smoking history (P = 0.227 and 0.171).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Younger patients with lung cancer present difference in clinico-pathologic features from the older ones, but the survivals of the two groups are similar. To define younger lung cancer as "the younger type of lung cancer" may have a practical clinical significance.</p>

Prognostic factors of early stage non-small cell lung cancer / 中国癌症杂志

Local recurrences and distant metastases develop in patients with early stage NSCLC ( Non-small Cell Lung Cancer) after surgery. It becomes important to predict the prognosis and give postoperative adjuvant therapy if necessary. The advances of prognostic factors of early stage NSCLC are reviewed.

STUDIES ON THE CONSTITUENTS OF SARGASSUM FUSIFORME (HARV. )SETCH / 中国海洋药物

Four compounds have been isolated from Sargassum fusiforme(HaTv. ) Setch. collected in the south Zhejiang province of China. Among these compounds the structures of three have been deduced as mannitol, fucosterol and saringosterol on the basis of chemical and IR,NMR,MS spectral data.

AN ANALYSIS OF PRE-OPERATIVE RADIOTHERAPY ON 51 CASES OF NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER (NSCLC) / 中华放射肿瘤学杂志

0.05). The 1,3 and 5-year regional control and survival rates in both groups were concordant, demonstrating that the prognosis of these two groups was similar. The 5-year survival rate in pre-operative radiotherapy group was 37%. The results of retrospective analysis by Log-rank and Cox proportional regression methods demonstrated that whether the tumor resected or not were the major factors affecting pre-operative radiotherapy effect.