Epidemiological characteristics of scarlet fever in Putuo District， Shanghai from 2015 to 2020 / 上海预防医学

ObjectiveTo analyze the epidemiological characteristics of scarlet fever in Putuo District， Shanghai from 2015 to 2020， and provide a basis for formulating effective prevention and control measures. MethodsThe data of scarlet fever cases from January 1， 2015 to December 31， 2020 in Putuo District， Shanghai were obtained from the Infectious Disease Reporting Information Management System of the Chinese center for disease control and prevention （CDC）. Descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of scarlet fever cases in Putuo District， Shanghai by time， population， and region. ResultsA total of 586 scarlet fever cases were reported in Putuo District from 2015 to 2020， with an average annual reported incidence of 7.39 per 105， an average age of onset of 6.2±1.8 years， and a male/female ratio of 1.6∶1. The incidence of scarlet fever has declined significantly in 2020， which was 5.44 per 105 lower than the average reported incidence in 2015‒2020. The incidence peak was from April to June and November to January of the following year， which was characterized by high incidence in spring and winter. The age distribution of cases was concentrated at the age of 4‒9 years， mainly children in kindergarten and primary school students. Areas with high reported incidence rates were Wanli Street， Changzheng Town， Taopu Town and Changfeng New Village Street. ConclusionThe peak incidence of scarlet fever in Putuo District is from April to June and November to January of the following year， with children in kindergartens and students in primary school as the key populations. We should strengthen epidemic monitoring and guidance of prevention and control for in kindergartens and schools before the high incidence season of scarlet fever， so as to effectively prevent the epidemic of the disease.

The prevalence of congenital heart disease in students of Liangshan prefecture in Sichuan province / 中华内科杂志

Objective To investigate the congenital heart disease (CHD) prevalence of students in Liangshan prefecture in Sichuan province,and to explore the risk factors of CHD.Methods Stratified cluster sampling was conducted in collecting demographic data.Heart auscultation was used to screening the CHD,and colour Doppler flow imaging was used to diagnose the CHD.Results A total of 10 021 student were collected in this study.About 19.74％ of total cases had cardiac murmur.Sixty-eight students were diagnosed as CHD through colour Doppler flow imaging,accounting for 0.68％.In addition,the top three ranks of CHD were atrial septal defect,patent ductus arteriosus,interventricular septal defect.Our study also found that per capita income of CHD families was lower than non-CHD families,meanwhile,the CHD prevalence of Yi nationality was higher than other nationalities.There was no statistical significance in age,gender,height,weight,body mass index,head circumference,waist circumference between different types of CHD.Conclusions The CHD prevalence of students in Liangshan prefecture has been in a high level in China; therefore we need pay more attention on screening for the CHD.