RESUMO
Diabetes mellitus is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, even in the presence of intensive glycaemic control. Both diabetes and insulin resistance bring about a amalgam of endothelial dysfunction and it will abate the anti-atherogenic role of the vascular endothelium. In patients with type 2 diabetes both insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction appear to lead up to the development of undisguised hyperglycaemia. Hence, in patients with diabetes, endothelial dysfunction may be a censorious early intention for preventing atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. For the assessment endothelium- dependent vasodilatation Coronary and peripheral circulations are used. In Ayurveda, endothelial dysfunction can be correlated to Rakthavaha srotho dushti. There are several aetiological factors similar in both Prameha and Rakta dushti. The factors which got vitiated (Dooshya) in Prameha are Mamsa, Meda, Rasa, Rakta, Shukra, Lasika, Vasa, Majja & Oja. Amongst all Meda & Mamsa are main vitiated factors (Dooshya) while Rakta is one of the Dooshya initially. During nourishment, Rakta is nourished prior to Meda & Mamsa. Further it nourishes Meda dhatu too. Endothelial dysfunction is reversible in early stages so that many rasayana drugs mentioned in the Ayurveda can be used here. In the present review briefly outlines some basic concepts of endothelial structure and function, and its dysfunction, relation with diabetes and its Ayurvedic concepts and management.
RESUMO
Background: Teaching in India is still controlled by teacher-centered class room which would make them bored and exhausted. Educators now strive to provide the most productive class room experience for their students by facilitating small group discussions within the larger class such as seminar presentation by the students etc. Hence the present study was done to assess the perception of medical students regarding seminars in the curriculum towards a small group teaching activity. Objective is to assess the perception of medical students regarding seminars as a teaching learning activity.Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted among 4th semester undergraduate medical students of Andhra Medical College, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh in the month of June 2016 to assess their perception regarding seminars in the curriculum. A pre-designed, pre-tested self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data.Results: Total number of study participants were 136. Majority 110 (80.9%) of them agreed that seminar is a good academic activity and is helpful in learning. Around 96 (70%) of the students opined that seminars help students engage in higher order thinking tasks. Majority 93.4% agreed that seminars help students to overcome nervousness. About 91.9% felt seminars improve self-confidence and personality development.Conclusions: Students view that, seminars are more effective in deep understanding of the subject and critical thinking than didactic lectures and helps the students to improve self confidence and communication skills.