RESUMO
Introduction: Presbyopia, a physiological insufficiency ofaccommodation, impairs the ability to perform near task.Considered as a disease of the forties, it reduces functionalefficiency of the individual as well as the society since itaffects the majority of working population. This study was aneffort to evaluate the risk factors that can lead to its earlieronset. Purpose of the study was to evaluate the frequencyof risk factors associated with premature presbyopia in ahospital-based study in Sundergarh district, Odisha.Material and Methods: It was a hospital-based study carriedout at Hi-Tech Medical College and Hospital, Rourkela fromOctober 2016 to October 2018. Patients aged 30 years or morewho presented with difficulties in near work were includedin the study. Premature presbyopic was defined as presbyopicperson aged less than 40 years. Premature presbyopics werefurther subjected to a questionnaire and detailed examinationafter taking informed consent.Results: The mean age of presentation in prematurepresbyopics was 36.2 years and the average correction requiredwas 1.22 D. Among the total number of persons presentingwith presbyopia about one-eighth (12.03%) presented before40 years. Female sex, occupation requiring near work,exposure to sunlight for longer duration and hypermetropiawere most common risk factors over all. Among malessmoking, alcohol, exposure to higher temperature (factoryworkers) were significant risk factors. Multiparity, anemia andpremature menopause presented as important risk factors infemales. Smart phone usage was found to be an important riskfactor in urban population.Conclusion: Early presentation of presbyopia reducesthe functional efficiency of the individual. Evaluation ofrisk factors will help to determine the population at risk ofpremature presbyopia and their prompt management can bedone with near correction.
RESUMO
Xenotransplantation is transplantation of living cells, tissuesor organs from one species to another. There is a large numberof patients who need to wait for allotrasplantation due tolimited donors. This drives a need for the transplant of tissuefrom animals to humans. However, immune rejection andinfections are major risks that may prevent a good outcome ofxenotransplantation. Proper documentation and sterilisationof tissues is indispensable. This article highlights the presentday prespectives of Xenotransplantation.
RESUMO
Introduction: Neonatal hypernatremic dehydration is amedical emergency. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatmentis crucial for survival and better prognosis. However, diagnosisis often difficult due to apparent well being and dehydration isunderestimated. The aim of our study was to see the outcomeof neonates admitted with hypernatremic dehydration in ourhospitalMaterial and Methods: The study was conducted inneonatology of Postgraduate Department of Pediatrics, inGB Pant Hospital, an associated hospital of GovernmentMedical College Srinagar. It was a hospital based prospectiveobservational study conducted for 1 year, from March 2016to February 2017. A total of 67 neonates were enrolled in ourstudy.Results: The results showed mean age of presentation 18days, females were 37(55.5%), mean birth order was 1.6,44(65.7%) cases were from rural background,62 (92.5%) ofour cases were term babies, an average weight loss of 14.6%was found. There was a significant statistical relation in thepercentage of weight loss, incidence of shock, incidence ofAKI and sodium levels(p value<0.001).Conclusion: Women should be educated about theproper technique of breast feeding during prenatal visitsand after the delivery of the newborn. Mothers should beinformed about ‘ten steps of successful breast feeding’.All breast-fed infant should be weighed at least onceseveral days after discharge