protective effect of gallic acid and caffeine against CCL[4]-induced oxidative hepatotocixity and mitochondrial DNA depletion in male albino rats

This work was undertaken to investigate the possible protective effects of gallic acid and caffeine against carbon tetrachloride CC1[4] induced hepatotoxicity in male albino rats. Hepatotoxicity was induced by i.p injection of C14 [1.5 ml/kg .body weight] once only. Gallic acid, caffeine were administered in a dose of 1 g/kg diet for each. Carbon tetrachioride treatment resulted in a significant rise in alanine transaminase [ALT]; aspartate transaminase [AST]; alkaline phosphatase [ALP]; lactate dehydrogenase [LDH]. Hepatic lipid peroxidation products measured as malondialdehyde [MDA], with a significant reduction in hepatic Catalase activity [CAT] and serum total antioxidant capacity, together with a highly observed depletion in hepatic mtDNA content .Gallic acid and caffeine were evaluated for their hepatoprotective and antioxidant activities as judged from altering serum liver functions enzymes. total antioxidant capacity. hepatic antioxidant activities and mtDNA content near normal levels against CC1[4] treated rats. The current results suggest that, gallic acid and caffeine had a strong hepatoprotective effect against CC1[4] induced hepatotoxicity, both had the ability to protect mtDNA against depletion

Ameliorative effect of wheat germ and/or grape seed oils on hematological, kidney functions and lipid profiles in rats co-administreted chlorpyrifos

Organophosphorous pesticides such as chlorpyrifos [CPF] are substances used worldwide for agricultural purposes. CPF induce oxidative stress leading to the generation of free radicals. The purpose of this study was to assess the biochemical role of wheat germ and grape seed oils on the kidney function tests and the oxidative stress alteration induced by chlorpyrifos in rats, moreover the heamatological, lipid profile. Throughout this study a total number of 70 rats were subjected to experimentation for 4 weeks and divided into 7 groups. The results demonstrated that there were significant decrease in the total counts of RBC's, WBC's, erythrocyte indices, hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit level in experimental rats fed diets containing low and high levels of CPF. CPF caused a significant increase in serum creatinine and urea the increase reached 211.39% and 104.29% respectively for high dose of CPF received rats as compared to control rats. The treatments with, wheat germ oil, grape seed oil at the tested doses significantly reduced serum creatinine by 27.84% and 15.19% for G6 and G4 respectively. Concerning the values of lipid profile measurement, it was clear that low and high dose CPF received rats induced a significant increase in the level of serum total lipid, total cholesterol and triacylglycerols, also this reflects an elevation in the level LDL-C, VLDL-C and LDL/HDL ratio. Meanwhile, wheat germ oil supplementation reduced the serum LDL-C, VLDL-C and LDL/HDL ratio and increased serum HDL-C. It can be concluded that wheat germ oil and grape seed oils, used are valuable natural antioxidants for protecting against oxidative toxic effects of CPF and cell damage caused by toxic chemicals

Cod liver oil consumption and lipid peroxidation

The objective of the present study is to assess the effect of feeding dietary cod liver oil containing [n-3] polyunsaturated fatty acids [PUFA] [i.e., eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid] on lipid levels, lipid peroxidation status and the gene expression of glutathione peroxidase GP[x]-4. Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats [average 40 g] were divided into 3 groups. They fed diets containing 19.1% cod liver oil + 0.9% corn oil, 20% corn oil and 20% coconut oil for 3 weeks. Serum, liver and kidney values of triacylglycerols [TG], total cholesterol [IC] and phospholipids [PL] were estimated. Lipid peroxidation status in liver was determined as malondialdehyde [MDA] level, cupper- zinc superoxide dismutase [SOD] activity and the gene expression of GP[x]-4. Cod liver oil fed rats showed significant decreased lipid parameters levels in serum, liver and kidney compared with the other two dietary groups, except serum TG concentrations were not differ significantly among the three dietary groups. Both hepatic MDA and SOD activity were significantly elevated by feeding cod liver oil diet compared by the other two dietary groups. However, there was no alteration in the gene expression of GP[x]-4 in liver tissue of rats induced by feeding any of the three dietary oils. Thus, [n-3] PUFA contained in cod liver oil is highly susceptible to peroxidation and exert beneficial effects toward the prevention of cardiovascular diseases [CVD]