Risk Factors Associated with Premalignant and Malignant Endometrial Polyps / 대한폐경학회지

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of endometrial premalignant and malignant polyps in women who underwent hysteroscopic polypectomies, and to investigate whether clinical parameters predict histopathologic outcomes. METHODS: A review was carried out on the medical records of patients who had undergone hysteroscopic endometrial polypectomy from January 2010 to December 2011. One thousand one hundred ninety-six women who ranged in age from 16 to 81 years were included in the study. Polyps were classified as benign (endometrial polyps and polyps with non-atypical simple hyperplasia and non-atypical complex hyperplasia), premalignant (polyps with atypical simple hyperplasia or atypical complex hyperplasia), or malignant. A statistical analysis was then performed. RESULTS: Histopathologically, 96.7% benign, 1.1% premalignant, and 2.2% malignant lesions were detected. Abnormal uterine bleeding and postmenopause were the only factors which were determined to be associated with a higher risk of malignancy, with an odds ratios of 5.07 (95% CI, 2.25-11.41) and 3.41 (95% CI, 1.14-10.24), respectively. CONCLUSION: The risk factors associated with premalignant and malignant endometrial polyps include abnormal uterine bleeding and menopause.

A Clinical Analysis of Patients with Premature Ovarian Failure: Compliance with Hormonal Treatment / 대한폐경학회지

OBJECTIVES: To analyze the clinical features of premature ovarian failure (POF) and patients' compliance with hormonal treatment. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 126 patients diagnosed with POF was selected between January 2004 and December 2007. The clinical, etiologic features and treatment compliance were evaluated. RESULTS: The mean age of diagnosis was 33.2 +/- 5.2 years. The mean value of follicle stimulating hormone was 78.8 +/- 28.8 IU/L. The most common symptom was amenorrhea or oligomenorrhea (54%). Eighty-eight patients were married and 22 of them visited our clinic due to infertility. The most common etiology was unknown (54.8%) and the second most common cause was iatrogenic (29.4%). Only 61 patients underwent hormonal treatment (48.4%). The remaining 11 patients did not undergo hormonal treatment due to other medical conditions such as breast cancer or liver disease; however, they were followed-up regularly (8.7%). Among the treatment group, only 37 patients were followed-up over a period of 12 months (60.7%). CONCLUSION: About half of the women diagnosed with POF did not accept their own problems and therefore delayed essential treatment. Clinicians should educate the importance of early treatment for preventing degenerative changes.

Comparative analysis of Fluorescence stain and Ziehl-Neelsen's AFB stain for Mycobacterium leprae (pilot study) / 나학회지

The Ziehl-Neelson's AFB staining method was mainly used for the AFB observation of the mycobacteria. However, this method has several issues of false negative results, and hence a comparative experiment of the Ziehl-Neelson's AFB staining and the fluorescence staining method was done to remedy this problem. As the fluorescence staining method brightly highlights the AFB in a dark field, and also as it is observed with the lower power objective, it is a method that can better the observation and shorten the time of observation as well. The fluorescence staining method that was used in this experiment did a comparative analysis of the Auramine O-Rhodamine B and the Acridine Orange. The results showed that although the Auramine O-Rhodamine B allows easier observation of the AFB with a high fluorescence expression rate for the multibacillary leprosy sample, the darkness on the periphery makes it hard to observe anything else, while also making it hard to observe the cell changes and paucibacillary leprosy of the AFB. However, the Acridine Orange staining method highlights the cells in dark green and changes the color of the AFB from bright red to orange making it easier to observe bacilli. The results of the study show that the Acridine Orange method is superior to the Auramine O-Rhodamine B method in detecting acid fast bacilli in specimen.

Signet Ring Cell Carcinoma Arising from a Solitary Juvenile Polyp in the Colon

Juvenile polyps are relatively common polyps that affect predominantly young patients and may occur in isolated, multiple, and/or familial forms. They have been considered to be benign lesions without neoplastic potential, but for patients with multiple juvenile polyposis, the cumulative malignant risk is greater than fifty percents. In patients with a solitary polyp, the risks are minimal, and only a few cases of malignant change from a solitary juvenile polyp have been reported. We describe the case of a twenty one year old female with one solitary juvenile polyp, which contained a signet ring cell carcinoma in the mucosal layer.

Clinicopathological observation on ovarian masses in childhood and adolescence / 대한산부인과학회지

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to describe the clinical presentation and histopathologic findings that help in decisions about management of ovarian mass in childhood and adolescence. METHODS:We retrospectively analyzed the data on 307 patients with surgically treated ovarian mass under 20 years of age at the Cheil General Hospital, between January 1995 and December 2005. RESULTS: Of the 307 cases, 40 cases (13%) were ovarian malignancy. The incidence of malignant ovarian tumor increased to 16.9% in 237 neoplastic tumors. Epithelial, germ cell, and sex-cord stromal malignancies accounted for 57.5%, 30% and 12.5%, respectively, of the 40 ovarian malignancies. The stage of the 35 cases (87.5%) with the ovarian malignancy was the FIGO stage I. The incidence of ovarian malignancies increased with larger size, higher CA125 level. Solid ovarian masses on ultrasound were more likely ovarian malignancy. But age and menarchal status was not correlated with ovarian malignancy. Mature cystic teratoma seen in 132 patients (55.7%), was the most common neoplasm of ovary in this age group, and the incidence of bilaterality was 12.1%. On follow up, 4.9% (13/267) of previously diagnosed benign ovarian tumor were reoperated due to recurred or newly developed ovarian tumor. After cystectomy, the recurrence rate of ipsilateral ovarian tumor was 2.8% (4/142). CONCLUSION: If there is no evidence of malignancy, conservative surgical treatment should be employed to preserve future endocrine function and fertility in this age group.

Clinicopathological observation on ovarian masses in childhood and adolescence / 대한산부인과학회지

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to describe the clinical presentation and histopathologic findings that help in decisions about management of ovarian mass in childhood and adolescence. METHODS:We retrospectively analyzed the data on 307 patients with surgically treated ovarian mass under 20 years of age at the Cheil General Hospital, between January 1995 and December 2005. RESULTS: Of the 307 cases, 40 cases (13%) were ovarian malignancy. The incidence of malignant ovarian tumor increased to 16.9% in 237 neoplastic tumors. Epithelial, germ cell, and sex-cord stromal malignancies accounted for 57.5%, 30% and 12.5%, respectively, of the 40 ovarian malignancies. The stage of the 35 cases (87.5%) with the ovarian malignancy was the FIGO stage I. The incidence of ovarian malignancies increased with larger size, higher CA125 level. Solid ovarian masses on ultrasound were more likely ovarian malignancy. But age and menarchal status was not correlated with ovarian malignancy. Mature cystic teratoma seen in 132 patients (55.7%), was the most common neoplasm of ovary in this age group, and the incidence of bilaterality was 12.1%. On follow up, 4.9% (13/267) of previously diagnosed benign ovarian tumor were reoperated due to recurred or newly developed ovarian tumor. After cystectomy, the recurrence rate of ipsilateral ovarian tumor was 2.8% (4/142). CONCLUSION: If there is no evidence of malignancy, conservative surgical treatment should be employed to preserve future endocrine function and fertility in this age group.

Pregnancy outcomes of heterotopic pregnancy / 대한산부인과학회지

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the pregnancy outcomes of heterotopic pregnancy. METHODS: Retrospective analysis was done in 24 patients who were diagnosed as heterotopic pregnancy between January 2000 and April 2008. Patients' characteristics, risk factors, treatment methods and pregnancy outcomes were evaluated. RESULTS: A total of 24 patients were diagnosed as heterotopic pregnancy, all of these had undergone assisted reproductive technique. The mean age was 31.5 years and the mean gestational age at diagnosis was about 8 weeks. The most common etiology of infertility was tubal factor (54.2%). Four (16.7%) of the women had undergone ovulation induction, eighteen (75%) had undergone in vitro fertilization, but 2 patients (8.3%) had undergone assisted reproductive technique at other hospital and we didn't know the exact method. The most common of ectopic site was tube (75%), and 50% of ectopic sites were ruptured status at diagnosis. Three (12.5%) of 24 patients were diagnosed ectopic pregnancy after dilatation and evacuation due to missed abortion, 4 (16.7%) were diagnosed ectopic pregnancy and missed abortion, and 17 (70.8%) were diagnosed ectopic pregnancy and living intrauterine pregnancy at the time of diagnosis. Laparotomy was done in 3 patients (12.5%) and laparoscopy was done in 21 patients (87.5%). Among 17 patients who had normal intrauterine pregnancy, 12 (70.6%) delivered singletones, 2 (11.8%) delivered twins, but 3 (17.6%) patients were lost follow up. CONCLUSION: Heterotopic pregnancy should be considered in pregnant woman with abdominal pain or vaginal bleeding, although confirmed normal intrauterine pregnancy using ultrasonography at early gestational age, especially if the woman have treatment history for infertility. And early diagnosis and proper management are important.

Pregnancy outcomes of heterotopic pregnancy / 대한산부인과학회지

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the pregnancy outcomes of heterotopic pregnancy. METHODS: Retrospective analysis was done in 24 patients who were diagnosed as heterotopic pregnancy between January 2000 and April 2008. Patients' characteristics, risk factors, treatment methods and pregnancy outcomes were evaluated. RESULTS: A total of 24 patients were diagnosed as heterotopic pregnancy, all of these had undergone assisted reproductive technique. The mean age was 31.5 years and the mean gestational age at diagnosis was about 8 weeks. The most common etiology of infertility was tubal factor (54.2%). Four (16.7%) of the women had undergone ovulation induction, eighteen (75%) had undergone in vitro fertilization, but 2 patients (8.3%) had undergone assisted reproductive technique at other hospital and we didn't know the exact method. The most common of ectopic site was tube (75%), and 50% of ectopic sites were ruptured status at diagnosis. Three (12.5%) of 24 patients were diagnosed ectopic pregnancy after dilatation and evacuation due to missed abortion, 4 (16.7%) were diagnosed ectopic pregnancy and missed abortion, and 17 (70.8%) were diagnosed ectopic pregnancy and living intrauterine pregnancy at the time of diagnosis. Laparotomy was done in 3 patients (12.5%) and laparoscopy was done in 21 patients (87.5%). Among 17 patients who had normal intrauterine pregnancy, 12 (70.6%) delivered singletones, 2 (11.8%) delivered twins, but 3 (17.6%) patients were lost follow up. CONCLUSION: Heterotopic pregnancy should be considered in pregnant woman with abdominal pain or vaginal bleeding, although confirmed normal intrauterine pregnancy using ultrasonography at early gestational age, especially if the woman have treatment history for infertility. And early diagnosis and proper management are important.

Dietary Behaviors, Food Preferences and Its Relationships with Personality Traits in Sixth Grader's of Elementary School / 대한지역사회영양학회지

Although many studies have focused on dietary habits and behaviors among children, few have looked at individual dietary behaviors and food preferences and their relationships with personality traits. This study examined the relationships between children's dietary behaviors, food preferences and personality traits using a random sample of 236 sixth graders in Chuncheon. Results showed a high prevalence of undesirable dietary behaviors among children: 42.8% of the children had skipped breakfast at least twice a week, 53% had overeaten, 45.8% had eaten irregularly, and 66.5% had eaten an unbalanced meal. These undesirable dietary behaviors were negatively associated with such personality traits as sociability, responsibility, emotional stability, activity, and superiority. When asked about food preference, fruits were most popular while vegetables were least desirable. Total food preference scores were positively correlated with emotional stability (r = .204), activeness (r = .247), sociability (r = .156), responsibility (r = .249), and superiority (r = .133). Preference for meats had negative correlations with responsibility (r = -.133), sociability (r = -.146), and superiority (r = -.132), while preference for vegetables was positively correlated with these personality traits (r = .292, .244, and .230, respectively). In conclusion, the more desirable dietary behaviors and the higher total food preference scores, the more positive the child's personality traits. In addition, preference for vegetables was associated with positive personality traits. The findings suggest the need for continuous attention and guidance on desirable dietary habits for school children both at home and at school.

Pneumothorax as the First Clinical Manifestation of Systemic Sclerosis : A Case Report of Multiple Cystic Lung Lesions in Systemic Sclerosis / 결핵

No abstract available.

Low-attenuation mediastinal masses on CT

No abstract available.

The use of water as an oral contrast agent for CT study in stomach cancer

No abstract available.