Mixed Hemangioma of the Epididymis / 대한비뇨기과학회지

A hemangioma is a benign tumor arising in the vessels, but an intrascrotal hemangioma is rare, and a hemangioma of the epididymis is extremely rare. Ultrasound and MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) are mainly used for the diagnosis of an intrascrotal hemangioma, with surgical excision being the appropriate treatment. We report on the case of a 24 year- old-man with a mixed hemangioma of the epididymis.

Correlation between Up-Regulation of Caveolin-1 Gene in Human Rencal Cell Carcinoma and Multi-drug Resistance / 대한비뇨기과학회지

PURPOSE: To investigate whether up-regulation of the caveolin-1 gene is associated with the resistance to the chemotherapeutic agents in human renal cell carcinomas (HRCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two HRCC cell lines, SN12C and SN12CPM7, with low and high metastatic potentials, respectively, were cultured. Between these two cell lines, the cytotoxicities to doxorubicin, and the expressions of the caveolin-1 gene, were compared using the MTT assay and Northern blot analysis, respectively. A full length of caveolin-1 cDNA was obtained, and inserted into the SN12C to make stable cells expressing the caveolin-1 gene (SN12C/Cav). In these cells, the status of the caveolin-1 expression was evaluated, and the cytotoxicity to doxorubicin or interferon compared to other cell lines. RESULTS: The SN12CPM7 cells were less sensitive to the doxorubicin than the SN12C cells in the cytotoxicity study. The Northern blot analysis revealed that the expression of caveolin-1 was higher in the SN12CPM7 than in the SN12C cells. The expression levels of the caveolin-1 gene in the SN12C/Cav and SN12CPM7 were very similar. The MTT assay, using transfected cell lines, revealed that the SN12C/Cav was more resistant to both the doxorubicin and interferon than the SN12C. CONCLUSIONS: In HRCCs, up-regulation of the caveolin-1 gene may be associated with the change in the biological response to anti-cancer drugs. The induction of the caveolin-1 gene expression may provide the cancer cells with some protection against the action of cytotoxic drugs.

Up-Regulation of Differentiation Related Gene-1 Expression in the Androgen Independent Prostate Cancer / 대한비뇨기과학회지

PURPOSE: To determine whether the up-regulation of the differentiation related gene (Drg-1) enhances the progression of prostate cancer into the androgen independent phenotype, via escaping androgen signal transduction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A full length of Drg-1 cDNA was obtained using the Drg-1 primer, which was inserted into LNCaP cells. The sensitivities of dihydrotestosterone and bicalutamide were then examined. In addition, the level of the Drg-1 gene expression was examined in derivatives of the LNCaP cell lines obtained from the orthotopic animal model. RESULTS: The Drg-1 transfected LNCaP cells, which highly expressed the Drg-1, were established (LNCaP/D2). The LNCaP/D2 slowly grew in a culture medium, supplemented with 10% charcoal stripped fetal bovine serum, whereas the control cells did not. When the sensitivities of DHT and bicalutamide were examined, the PC-3 and LNCaP/D2 cells were not sensitive to either. The metastatic androgen independent prostate cancer cells (LNCaP-AI-Lung), which were obtained from the orthotopic animal model, showed higher levels of Drg-1 expression than the parental cells. CONCLUSIONS: Androgen dependent prostate cancer cells, expressing high levels of the Drg-1 gene, behave like androgen independent prostate cancer cells. This finding suggest that the Drg-1 gene may play an important role in the initiation of an androgen-independent state.

Male Urethral Diverticulum Combined with Stone and Urethrocutaneous Fistula / 대한비뇨기과학회지

A male urethral diverticulum is a relatively uncommon abnormality. It usually occurs at the penoscrotal junction and most of these lesions develop as secondary disorder after a urethral trauma, obstruction or infection. Here we report a case of a male urethral diverticulum combined with a stone and a urethrocutaneous fistula.

Male Urethral Diverticulum Combined with Stone and Urethrocutaneous Fistula / 대한비뇨기과학회지

A male urethral diverticulum is a relatively uncommon abnormality. It usually occurs at the penoscrotal junction and most of these lesions develop as secondary disorder after a urethral trauma, obstruction or infection. Here we report a case of a male urethral diverticulum combined with a stone and a urethrocutaneous fistula.

A Case of Renal Teratoma / 대한비뇨기과학회지

No abstract available.

Acute Renal Infection: Recent Experience and Clinical Value of Renal Ultrasonography / 대한비뇨기과학회지

PURPOSE: We investigated if there are some differences in characteristic of recent renal infection from the past one and evaluated the need of ultrasonography in acute renal infection and the efficiency of antibiotics that have been used primarily in treatment of past renal infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed charts of 232 patients with acute renal infection retrospectively, who took admission treatment from 1991 to 1995 at our hospital. The laboratory tests such as complete blood count, urinalysis and urine culture with sensitivity and radiologic evaluations such as abdominal ultrasonography, excretory urography or voiding cystourethrography were performed. RESULTS: The most common age groups were 3rd decade(26.7%) and 4th decade(24.1%). Female was predominant in all age groups(M:F=1:8.7) except 1st decade(M:F=1.6:1). Acute pyelonephritis was the most common disease (87.1%) and then followed by acute focal bacterial nephritis(8.2%), renal abscess(4.3%) and perirenal abscess(0.4%). Five cases(2.2%) were accompanied by vesicoureteral reflux. Abdominal ultrasonography was done in 90.5%, but 74.8% of them were completely normal and most of abnormal findings at abdominal ultrasonography were clinically insignificant. Result of ultrasonography did not affect the outcome of the disease or the treatment plan. The significant bacterial isolation(more than 10(5)CFU/ml) in urine culture was 46.6%. Among them, E. coli was the most common organism(92.6%) and others were Enterobacter, Klebsiella or Pseudomonas. Causative agents were resistant to some drugs such as ampicillin or bactrim which have been usually used for urinary tract infection. CONCLUSIONS: Routine ultrasonography in renal infections without urinary tract obstruction was not helpful in treatment plan or outcome of this disease and selection of antibiotics in treatment of recent renal infection should be changed from the past one.

Distinct Mutation of p53 Gene in Bladder Cancer of Smoking and Nonsmoking Patients / 대한비뇨기과학회지

PURPOSE: It is well known that smoking is one of the most important etiologic factor in bladder cancer and mutations of p53 tumor suppressor gene are the important step in carcinogenesis of urinary bladder. In this study, we investigated the difference in pattern and rate of p53 gene mutation between smoker and non-smoker MATERIALS AND METHODS: Of 26 bladder transitional cell carcinoma, 16 cases were smoker and 10 cases were non-smoker. We evaluated mutation of the p53 gene concentrated on axon 5 through 8, using polymerase chain reaction- single strand conformation polymorphism(PCR-SSCP) with radioisotope. RESULTS: 3 cases(18.7%) of 16 smoker were found to have p53 gene mutation, but none of 10 non-smoker was found. 2 of 3 cases of p53 gene mutation were found in exon 5 and 1 in exon 7. The pattern of p53 gene mutation was different in 3 cases. CONCLUSIONS: Although the more cases will be needed in this study, we think that a mutation of p53 in bladder cancer may be associated with cigarette smoking.

Immunohistochemical Expression of ras p21 and HER-2/neu Oncoproteins in Transitional Cell Carcinoma of the Bladder / 대한비뇨기과학회지

Using specific monoclonal antibodies to the ras and HER-2/neu oncoprotein, a total of 8 normal urothelium and 58 transitional cell carcinoma(TCC) of the urinary bladder were stained immunohistochemically to investigate the possible roles of the oncogenes in the development of bladder TCC and their implications. Of the 52 bladder TCC specimens which contained the outer layer in the sections, 51 tumors showed the expression of the ras p21 in the outer layer. 56 of 58 bladder TCC specimens showed the expression of ras p21 in the intermediate and basal layers. The staining intensity in whole layers was relatively higher than that of the normal urothelium. The staining intensity in outer layer was not correlated with the tumor grade and invasiveness, while in intermediate and basal layers significantly correlated. HER-2/neu expression occurred in 22 (38%) of 58 TCC, whereas no normal urothelial cells were reactive for HER-2/neu. HER-2/neu expression rate was significantly correlated with the tumor grade and invasiveness. These findings suggest that ras and HER-2/neu oncogenes may play a crucial role in the development of bladder TCC and that immunohistochemical characteristics of these oncoproteins may give a additional prognostic information in the patients with bladder TCC.

Transvaginal Bladder Neck Suspension of Raz Technique for Stress Urinary Incontinence / 대한비뇨기과학회지

We retrospectively evaluated the 20 patients who underwent the Raz operation for stress urinary incontinence. In the degree of severity, 4 cases were in Stamey grade I, 14 cases in Stamey grade II and 2 cases in Stamey grade III. Posterior urethrovesical angle(PUVA) and Urethral inclination angle(ULA) on lateral cystourethrogram were measured preoperatively and postoperatively. Preoperative PUTA and ULA were increased as the grade was higher, but postoperative PUVA and ULA were returned to normal range. The overall success rate were 90% and complications were minima1. We think that Raz technique for stress urinary incontinence is safe, reliable and low morbidity procedure.

The Clinical Value of Excretory Urography on Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia / 대한비뇨기과학회지

Patients with signs of benign prostatic hyperplasia undergo excretory urography as a part of the diagnostic measures. The investigation is expected to yield information on the upper urinary tract and pathology of the bladder. But the necessity of excretory urography as a routine study before prostatectomy has been questioned. Herein we analyzed 154 patients who underwent excretory urography before prostatectomy at department of Urology, Masan Koryo General Hospital from January 1990 to December 1992. Of 154 patients, 117(76.0% ) showed normal upper tract with cystogram compatible with benign prostatic hyperplasia, 19(12.3% ) dilated upper tract. 1 (0.6% ) nonvisualized kidney, 9(5. 8%) incidental upper tract anomalies, 12(7.8% ) urolithiasis. Most of these anomalies could not alter the planned therapeutical procedures. We concluded that excretory urography is not always necessary in diagnosis of benign prostatic hyperplasia, but only in selected cases.

Transvaginal bladder neck suspension of raz technique for stress urinary incontinence / 대한비뇨기과학회지

Bladder dysfunction after radical rectal cancer surgery has been well known but there has not been sufficient objective data in Korea. We performed consecutive urodynamic study preoperatvely, postoperative tenth day and postoperativesixth month on 71 patients undergone radical rectal surgery. Compared with preoperative state. each urodynamic parameters changed significantly : maximal flow rate and average flow rate decreased ; voiding sense and residual urine volume increased ; bladder capacity, compliance and detrusor pressure decreased ; and maximal urethral pressure, functional urethral pressure and functional urethral length changed. All in all, we came out with the results that autonomic denervation was developed in 59 (83%) out of 71 in postoperative tenth day and 11 (28%) out of 39 in postoperative sixth month. Except for the residual urine volume and detrusor pressure, no significant recovery was observed in postoperative sixth month. Univariate analysis showed that sex, age, tumor size, distance from anal verge, stage, intraluminal tumor position and mode of operation had no significant influence on urodynamic parameters. However, the higher the stage, the more damages were found in multivariate analysis using logistic regression with correction of sex and age. Bladder dysfunction after rectal cancer operation is caused by partial autonomic denervation where urologic care is necessary, however as a whole, bladder dysfunction is considered to be a temporary change.

A clinical evaluation of urethral stricture / 대한비뇨기과학회지

The results with management of urethral stricture are disappointing, with a high rate of early and late recurrence. Recently, the success of internal urethrotomy has made us question the role of open urethroplasty in the management of urethral strictures. Thus a clinical evaluation was made on 116 patients with urethral stricture in the Department of Urology, Masan Koryo General Hospital, during the period from May 1985 to July 1991. The or stricture was incomplete in 92 cases and complete in 24 cases. The length of stricture was less than 1cm in 86 cases, 1 to 2cm in 19 cases, more than 2cm in 3 cases and multiple strictures in 8 cases. The treatment modality of incomplete urethral stricture was internal urethrotomy in 68 cases and urethroplasty in 9 cases regardless of length, and dilatation in 15 cases with mild stricture. Incomplete urethral stricture, internal urethrotomy was carried out in 7 cases with less than 1cm long stricture and urethroplasty in 17 cases regardless of length. The overall success rate in incomplete urethral stricture was 88.2 % in internal urethrotomy and 88.9 % in urethroplasty, and in complete urethral stricture, 85.7 % in internal urethrotomy and 82. 4% in urethroplasty. We think that visual internal urethrotomy is a valuable initial method, when stricture is incomplete or less than 1cm in length in cases of complete urethral stricture.

A case of liposarcoma of spermatic cord / 대한비뇨기과학회지

Liposarcoma of the spermatic cord is a rare tumor. Most are of a low-grade malignancy and recurrences tend to be localized. Preoperative diagnosis is difficult. Wide local excision with radical orchiectomy appears to be adequate treatment. A regional lymph node dissection is usually not advocated since the pattern of spread is hematogenous. We report a case of liposarcoma of the spermatic cord in 49-year-old male with brief review of the literatures.

A Case of Complete Duplication of the Urethra in Male / 대한비뇨기과학회지

Duplication of the urethra is an unusual congenital anomaly. It exists in two distinct forms, either complete or incomplete : complete form is a rarer anomaly. We presented a case of complete duplication of the urethra in 27-year-old male with brief review or literature.

A Case of Primary Prostatic Urethral Tumor in Male / 대한비뇨기과학회지

Primary malignancies of the urethra are uncommon and prognosis is poor except in patients with disease that is limited to the anterior urethra. Urethral tumors in the male patient comprise less then one percent of all urologic malignancies. We experienced a case of malignant urethral tumor(transitional cell carcinoma). Herein we report this case with brief review of the literatures.

A Case of Primary Prostatic Urethral Tumor in Male / 대한비뇨기과학회지

Primary malignancies of the urethra are uncommon and prognosis is poor except in patients with disease that is limited to the anterior urethra. Urethral tumors in the male patient comprise less then one percent of all urologic malignancies. We experienced a case of malignant urethral tumor(transitional cell carcinoma). Herein we report this case with brief review of the literatures.

A Case of Epidermoid Cyst of Testis / 대한비뇨기과학회지

Benign tumors of the testis are rare, accounting for one percent of all testicular tumors including epidermoid cyst of the testis. Herein we report one case of epidermoid cyst of the testis and discuss the pathological criteria for diagnosis and clinical management of the lesion.

Transfemoral Internal Spermatic Vein Occlusion for Varicocele Using a Stainless Steel Spring Coil / 대한비뇨기과학회지

Transvenous embolization of the internal spermatic vein appears to be at least as effective as open surgical correction in treating men with varicocele and it has several advantages ; (1) it requires only local anesthesia and a short hospital stay ; (2) there is no risk of damage to the spermatic artery : (3) the veins can be occluded accurately whatever the arrangement of any collateral vessels. We reported a technique for non-operative management of varicocele by a occlusion of the internal spermatic vein using stainless steel spring coil.

A Case of Pheochromocytoma / 대한비뇨기과학회지

Pheochromocytoma, derived from the neural crest, accounts for less than one percent of all patients with hypertension, but is most important because of its potentially lethal nature. It may occur at any age, and surgeons are often first to see the disease because of sudden hypertensive crises during anesthesia or unexplained shock following operations. Herein we report a case of right adrenal pheochromocytoma in 57-yr-old woman who was successfully treated with surgical intervention.