Bio prospecting of Riboflavin producing bacteria from different riboflavin enriched food sources

Riboflavin is an essential, water-soluble vitamin (B2) and a component of basic cellular metabolism. The aim of the present study is to isolate and characterize riboflavin producing bacteria from different food sources. Ten different riboflavin enriched food sources were collected from Vellore district. Totally 72 bacterial strains were isolated and cultured on nutrient agar plates. Out of these, 43 strains were identified as riboflavin producers. Isolated bacterial strains HDS27, HDS07, HDS14, HDS18, HDS38 and HDS54 isolated from milk, mushroom, spinach, lamb kidney, beef liver and mackerel fish were found to be potent riboflavin producers. Based on morphological, biochemical and molecular characterization, the potent strains were identified as Lactobacillus plantarum (HDS27), Bacillus cereus (HDS07), Delftia tsuruhatensis (HDS14), Citrobacter freundii (HDS18), Enterobacter cloacae (HDS38) and Bacillus cereus (HDS54). The selected potent isolates HDS27 from milk and HDS07 from mushroom showed a maximum riboflavin production of 3.69 mg/L and 2.9mg/L respectively. The present study explores the riboflavin producing novel bacteria from different food sources. This is the first report that the Enterobacter cloacae isolated from beef liver, Delftia tsuruhatensis from spinach and Citrobacter freundii from lamb kidney has the ability to produce riboflavin. These potent strains could be a better starter for substituting the conventional bacteria for large scale production of riboflavin in industry.

Population Dynamics of Metazoan Parasites of Rhizoprionodon acutus from the Nellore Coast off Bay of Bengal

Rhizoprionodon acutus (Rüppell) 1837, commonly known as ‘Milk shark’ is the frequently available elasmobranch from the Nellore (14.43°N 79.97°E.) coast off Bay of Bengal. A total of 152 R. acutus were collected from this coast during January, 2014- December, 2015, of which 89 hosts were infected with one or more parasites. A total of eleven species were collected, comprising of 6 cestodes, 2 nematodes, 1 Monogenean, 1 copepod and 1 isopod. Various ecological parameters such as prevalence, mean intensity, mean abundance and index of infection were calculated to determine the monthly population dynamics and the seasonal dynamics of the parasites in R. acutus. The study was carried out for both overall and groupwise parasitization. Endoparasitic infection predominated the ectoparasitic infection in the host. The study reveals the role of the temperature and season in the recruitment of parasite fauna in the hosts. The present study would be a great contribution to the knowledge of the metazoan parasite fauna of elasmobranch fishes to the future helminthologists from this Nellore Coast, Bay of Bengal.

Propensity-matched analysis of association between preoperative anemia and in-hospital mortality in cardiac surgical patients undergoing valvular heart surgeries.

Introduction: Anaemia is associated with increased post-operative morbidity and mortality. We retrospectively assess the relationship between preoperative anaemia and in-hospital mortality in valvular cardiac surgical population. Materials and Methods: Data from consecutive adult patients who underwent valvular repair/ replacement at our institute from January 2010 to April 2014 were collected from hospital records. Anaemia was defined according to WHO criteria (hemoglobin <13g/dl for males and <12g/dl for females). 1:1 matching was done for anemic and non-anemic patients based on propensity for potentially confounding variables. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the relationship between anaemia and in-hospital mortality. MatchIt package for R software was used for propensity matching and SPSS 16.0.0 was used for statistical analysis. Results: 2449 patients undergoing valvular surgery with or without coronary artery grafting were included. Anaemia was present in 37.1% (33.91% among males & 40.88% among females). Unadjusted OR for mortality was 1.6 in anemic group (95% Confidence Interval [95% CI] – 1.041-2.570; p=0.033). 1:1 matching was done on the basis of propensity score for anaemia (866 pairs). Balancing was confirmed using standardized differences. Anaemia had an OR of 1.8 for mortality (95% CI- 1.042 to 3.094, P=0.035). Hematocrit of < 20 on bypass was associated with higher mortality. Conclusion: Preoperative anaemia is an independent risk factor associated with in-hospital mortality in patients undergoing valvular heart surgery.

Massive keratocystic odontogenic tumor of mandible: A case report and review of literature.

Keratocystic odontogenic tumor (KCOT), also known as odontogenic keratocysts, as defined by World Health Organization (WHO), are known for their peculiar behavior, varied origin, debated development, unique tendency to recur, and disputed treatment modalities. We present a case of KCOT involving symphysis menti, right and left halves of the body of mandible in an 11-year-old girl treated with enucleation and open dressing (bismuth, iodoform, paraffin paste) with long-term follow-up.

Recurrent chronic suppurative osteomyelitis of the mandible.

Osteomyelitis of the maxillofacial skeleton is a rare condition in recent times. The combination of antibiotic therapy and surgical debridement is effective in the treatment of chronic suppurative osteomyelitis (CSO). This case report describes the successful surgical treatment of CSO of the mandible in an 18-year-old adult. Treatment included a pre-surgical course of antibiotics followed by sequestrectomy, resection of the coronoid process and removal of the pathologically fractured condylar process of the left side of the mandible. On post-operative clinical review at 1 week, the extra oral draining sinus healed with improved mouth opening.