RESUMO
Knee osteoarthritis （KOA） is a common degenerative joint disease in the middle-aged and elderly. The incidence of KOA is rising as the population aging aggravates and the obese population grows. KOA seriously affects the health and daily life of the patients. The commonly used drugs for the symptomatic treatment of KOA include non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs， cartilage protective drugs， and opioid analgesics， which have limited therapeutic effects and induce obvious adverse drug reactions. Eucommiae Cortex is one of the commonly used Chinese herbal medicines for the treatment of KOA， while its pharmacological material basis and mechanism remain unclear， which limits its clinical application. The active ingredients of Eucommiae Cortex for treating KOA mainly include iridoids （geniposide， aucubin）， lignans （pinoresinol diglucoside）， flavonoids （quercetin， astragaloside， baicalein， hyperoside， and kaempferol）， phenylpropanoids （chlorogenic acid）， and polysaccharides. These compounds regulate the levels of inflammatory cytokines， inhibit oxidative stress， protect chondrocytes， balance the synthesis and degradation of extracellular matrix， and control the progression of KOA via the mitogen-activated protein kinase， nuclear factor-κB， phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B， and Janus kinase 1/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signaling pathways. This paper introduces the mechanisms of Eucommiae Cortex and its active components in the treatment of KOA， aiming to provide a theoretical basis for the development of new drugs for KOA.
RESUMO
Objective:To select nucleic acid extraction reagents and amplification reagents by comparing the minimum detection limit, amplification efficiency, specificity, accuracy, and matching analysis with 6 nucleic acid extraction reagents of 6 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) nucleic acid detection reagents and provide scientific basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment.Methods:The national-standard material of 2019-nCoV nuclear acids was diluted as ths six fradient concentrations. Then, the diluted samples were analyzed by using the six kinds of agents/kits, Guangzhou Daan (DA), Beijing Jinhao (JH), Wuhan Mingde (MD), Sichuan Mike (MK), Jiangsu Shuoshi (SS) and Shanghai Zhijiang (ZJ). The minimum detection limit, amplification efficiency, accuracy, specificity and other properties of these kits were examined. The positive control levels 1, 2 (low and medium concentration) were extracted by using the six nucleic acid extraction reagents (numbered a-f) with six 2019-nCoV detective kits to detect target genes of 2019-nCoV genome, and compared between different nucleic acid extraction reagents and different nucleic acid detection reagents. Match between the different nucleic acid extraction reagents detection reagents, using two-way analysis of variance.Results:The minimum detection limit of Nucleocapsid (N) gene of DA, JH, MD, SS reagent was 7.0×10 2 copies/ml.The minimum detection limit of open reading frame 1ab (ORF1ab) gene of JH, MD, SS, MK reagent was 9.39 ×10 2 copies/ml.The minimum detection limit of envelope (E) gene of MK, ZJ reagent was 5.03×10 2 copies/ml. SS reagent N gene amplification efficiency was 89%, ORF1ab gene amplification efficiency was 90%, was the highest among six reagents.a, b, c, d extraction reagents and 6 nucleic acid detection reagents match well, But a extraction reagent was more suitable for use with SS,MK and ZJ reagents ( P<0.05), d extraction reagent was more suitable for MD,SS,DA,JH and MK nucleic acid detection reagents( P<0.05); e extraction reagent was more suitable for SS nucleic acid detection reagents( P<0.05), f extraction reagent was most suitable for DA, JH Nucleic acid detection reagents ( P<0.05); e and f reagents were not suitable for use with MK and ZJ. Conclusion:The 6 detection reagents have good performance, and the appropriate extraction reagents and detection reagents should be used in conjunction with the actual conditions of the laboratory.