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Objective To investigate the expression and role of Huntingtin-associated protein-1 (HAP-1) in the process of valproate acid (VP A) inducing neural stem cells (NSCs) into neurons. Methods The hippocampus NSCs of SD rats were isolated and cultured, Real-time PCR and Western blotting were used to detect HAP-1 mRNA and protein expression at day 0, day 1, day 3 and day 5 during the induction of VPA on NSCs differentiation into neurons ; Real-time PCR was used to detect the expression level of HAP-1 mRNA in multiple tissues of adult SD rats, as well as NSCs, neurons and astrocytes. After applying small interfering RNA technology to down-regulate the expression of HAP-1 mRNA in NSCs, Real-time PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression levels of neuron-specific molecules stathmin-2 ( Stmn-2), neuronal differentiation-1 (Neurod-1), microtubule-associated protein-2 (Map-2) and synapsin-1 (Syn-1), and Western blotting was used to detect the protein expression levels of neuron-specific marker β-tubulin III (Tuj-1). Immunofluorescence was used to detect the proportion of NSCs differentiated into Tuj-1 positive neurons, and to observe the development of neurons. Results At day 1 and day 3 after VPA treatment, the expression of HAP-1 mRNA and protein in the VPA group was significantly up-regulated; HAP-1 mRNA was predominantly expressed in the hippocampus, and its expression was higher in neurons, followed by NSCs, and minimally in astrocytes. After down-regulating HAP-1 with small interference technology, the proportion of NSCs differentiated into Tuj-1 positive neurons reduced, and neuron development became worse. Conclusion VPA may promote the differentiation of NSCs into neurons by up-regulating HAP-1 expression.
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IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common primary glomerular disease in the worldwide, and its immunopathological features are mainly the deposition of IgA in glomerular mesangial region and / or vascular loop. It has been found that the expression and changes of some factors involved in the pathological injury of IgAN can provide some evidence for the diagnosis, evaluation and prognosis of IgAN. This paper reviews the research progress of IgAN biomarkers in Multiple-Hits theory, miRNAs, complement system and cytokines.
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Panax ginseng is a well-known medicinal plant all over the world. It has high nutritional value and medicinal value. China and South Korea are the major countries in the world for ginseng cultivation, production and exportation. China's ginseng production accounts for more than half of the world, but the output value is less than that of Korea. The standardization process of ginseng industry plays an important role. This paper makes a detailed analysis of the Chinese and Korean ginseng national standards and the standardization process, and makes a detailed comparative analysis of the categories, standard contents, index selection, age, implementation and promotion status of the Chinese and Korean ginseng standards. The development disadvantages of ginseng industry standardization were displayed. And we give our advises on the standard revision, implementation of China's ginseng industry standardization, hoping to enhance the competitiveness of China's ginseng industry.
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Objective To investigate the influence and mechanism of erythropoietin (EPO) in renal blood flow after limb ischemia reperfusion (LIR). Methods Thirty male SD rats were randomly divided into control group, LIR group and EPO+LIR group with ten in each group. The values of renal blood flow, plasma creatinine (Cr), urea nitrogen (BUN) content in plasma, kidney tissue wet to dry ratio (W/D), nitric oxide (NO), nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) in re-nal tissue were detected in three groups. The immunohistochemistry assay was used to detect the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM-1) in renal tissue. The morphological changes of renal tissue were observed with light microscope. Results The renal blood flow was significantly decreased, while the val-ues of Cr, BUN, W/D, NO, ET-1, NOS, expressions of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 was significantly increased in LIR group than those of control group (P<0.05). Broaden interstitial and infiltration of inflammatory cells were observed in the renal tissue under light microscope. In the EPO+LIR group, the renal blood flow increased, the values of Cr, BUN, W/D, NO, ET-1 and NOS, expressions of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 decreased significantly compared with those of LIR group (P<0.05). The patho-logical changes were alleviated in EPO+LIR group. Conclusion EPO can improve renal function, increase renal blood flow in rats after LIR. The mechanism may be related to the decreased edema, changed renal vasomotor function and decreased in-flammation.
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Objective To assess the proficiency of water monitoring laboratory at rural, county, and provincial levels in Guangdong province, to ensure the province's drinking water monitoring results accurate and reliable. Methods State quality of certified reference materials as water arsenic, fluoride and chloride of 90 copies each were numbered and distributed to 90 monitoring laboratories in the province for testing, The measurement results of the participatory labs were evaluated through normative values and expanded uncertainty, and were compared with those of robust statistics method. Results All participatory labs had timely feedback of their measurement results. The qualified rate was higher when arsenic was tested by hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry and zinc-new silver salt of sulfuric acid spectrophotometric system, while fluoride and chloride by ion chromatography. The average qualified rates of water arsenic, fluoride and chloride of the province's rural drinking water quality monitoring laboratory were 66% (59/90), 72% (65/90) and 72% (65/90), respectively.Seven participatory labs failed the proficiency testing of all three analytes and unqualified rate was 7.8% (7/90)among the ninety participated monitoring labs. The qualified rates of robust statistics method for arsenic fluoride and chloride were greater than those evaluated by the expanded uncertainty, and large deviations with small sample sizes. Conclusions The testing ability of drink-water monitoring labs in Guangdong province has improved.However, by comparison with the requirements of national quality control and testing skills, there is still a gap. It is suggested that internal quality control be included in routine inspeetion to improve laboratory testing technology.
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Objective To investigated to implement condition of preventive measure and control effect for endemic fluorosis in Fengshun County from 2005 to 2006.Methods It was investigated according to the National Surveillance Program of Endemic Fluorosis.Hupo,Daizai and Anquan Villages of Tangxi Town in Fengshun County were selected as monitoring spots.The usage of reforming water facilities,fluoride content in drinking water and urine of children aged 8-12 years and the prevalence rate of dental fluorosis of children were investigated.Resul tsin 2005 and 2006.a total of 18 reforming water facilities were surveyed and six of which were damaged or out of service.In 2005,the fluoride content in drinking water in the 3 villages was 2.10,1.22 and 0.15 mg/L The prevalence rate of dental fluorosis of children aged 8-12 years was 54.23%(64/118),38.91%(79/203) and 9.10%(6/66).The urine fluoride content of children was 0.95,0.90 and 1.05 mg/L,respectively.In 2006,the fluoride content in drinking water in Hupo,Daizai and Anquan Village was 2.01,1.57 and 0.21 mg/L.The prevalence rate of dental fluorosis of children aged 8-12 years was 26.47%(27/102),12.50%(23/184)and 6.15%(4/65),respectively.The urine fluoride content of children was 0.97,0.61 and 0.59 mg/L.Conclusions The outcome of surveillance data in Fengshun County has reached the sanle level as that of non-disease area.However,the management of reforming water facilities should be improved.