Anger and substance abuse: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective: Conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate levels of anger among substance users compared to non-user controls and to analyze the possible association between anger and psychoactive substance use (PSU). Methods: The procedures of this review followed the Meta-Analyzes of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Four electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, BIREME, PsycINFO) were searched. Results: Twelve studies were included in the meta-analysis; 10 used the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI) anger trait subscale and two used the Buss-Perry-Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ) anger subscale. The sample included 2,294 users of psychoactive substances and 2,143 non-users, all male. The mean difference in anger scale scores between users and non-users was 2.151 (95%CI 1.166-3.134, p ≤ 0.00, inconsistency index [I2] = 98.83) standard deviations. Age and abstinence duration did not moderate the difference in anger between substance users and non-users. Conclusion: Users of psychoactive substances had elevated anger scores compared to non-users, which represents a high risk of relapse. It is suggested that PSU treatment programs include intensive anger management modules, focusing on factors such as dealing with daily stressors, family conflicts, frustrations, and problems.

Satisfaction and burden of mental health personnel: data from healthcare services for substance users and their families

Objective: To evaluate satisfaction and burden of mental health personnel providing mental health services for substance users and their families. Method: Five hundred twenty-seven mental health workers who provide treatment for substance users in five Brazilian states were interviewed. Data on sociodemographic characteristics and measures of satisfaction (SATIS-BR) and burden of mental health personnel (IMPACTO-BR) were collected. Results: Type of mental health service and educational attainment were associated with degree of satisfaction and burden. Therapeutic community workers and those with a primary education level reported being more satisfied with the treatment offered to patients, their engagement in service activities, and working conditions. Workers from psychosocial care centers, psychosocial care centers focused on alcohol and other drugs, and social care referral centers (both general and specialized), as well as workers with a higher education, reported feeling overburdened. Conclusion: This study offers important information regarding the relationship of mental health personnel with their work. Care providers within this sample reported an overall high level of job satisfaction, while perceived burden differed by type of service and educational attainment. To our knowledge, this is the first study with a sample of mental health professionals working with substance users across five Brazilian states.

Impacto da perda dentária na qualidade de vida de idosos independentes / The impact of tooth loss on quality of life in independent elderly people

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o impacto da perda dentária na qualidade de vida em indivíduos idosos. Foram avaliados 28 idosos independentes do grupo de terceira idade do Centro Humanístico Vida, de Porto Alegre, RS. A amostra foi por conveniência e o protocolo foi aprovado pelo CEP-PUCPRS. Os indivíduos foram avaliados quanto ao número de dentes presentese, posteriormente, divididos em 2 grupos de acordo com o seguinte critério: grupo 1 = indivíduos com 0 a 7 dentes e grupo 2 = indivíduos com 8 ou mais dentes. Para determinar a qualidade de vida foi utilizado Inventário de qualidade de vida WHOQoL-breve. Diferenças entre grupos foram verificadas com o teste de Mann-Whiney, e a consistência interna do WHOQoL-breve com o teste Cronbach . O valor para regeição da hipótes nula foi p<0,05. O número médio de dentes dos indivíduos do grupo 1 foi 2,2 e do grupo 2 foi 10,7. O número de dentes naurais foi importante para determinar diferenças relacionadas à qualidade de vida(domínio meio ambiente), pois os idosos que possuiam 8 ou mais dentes apresentaram uma qualidade de vida melhor.