Ameliorative effect of hydro-methanolic extract from roots of Rauwolfia serpentina on some biochemical parameters of type 1 diabetic mice

Present work seeks to investigate the biochemical parameters in terms of hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of hydro-methanolic roots extract [HyMREt] of Rauwolfia serpentina in type 1 [alloxan induced] diabetic mice. Animals were divided into seven groups, four control groups, and three were test groups [HyMREt at 50, 100, and 150mg/kg]. Each treatment was repeated for 14 days regularly in all seven respective groups and afterwards the body weights, fasting blood glucose [FBG], insulin, and serum lipid levels were determined. Total body weights of diabetic mice treated with HyMREt extract were dose dependently [p

Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance in non-diabetic heart failure patients: a case-control investigation at tertiary care Hospitals of Karachi

Heart failure is a progressive, chronic disorder. Insulin resistance [IR] has been more and more involved as a preliminary metabolic perturbance predisposing to hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis with others heart diseases. To investigate the relation of insulin resistance [IR] in non-diabetic heart failure patients this case-control study was carried out to ascertain the presence of IR with the aid of Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance [HOMA-IR] in non-diabetic heart failure patients [NDHF patients] compared with healthy controls. The sample size was calculated for both, cases [NDHF patients] and control [healthy subjects], which was initially consisted of 113 respondents each. The study consisted of two phase duration. In Phase I, NDHF patients were approached initially; only 80 patients with NDHF completed the study procedure. In Phase II, 80 healthy subjects were targeted and matched. Fasting blood glucose level [FBGL] and serum insulin was estimated. Mathematical model to quantify beta-cell function and insulin resistance was also computed through Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance [HOMA-IR] in both groups. Data was analyzed on SPSS version 16. Mean values with +/- standard deviation [SD] of insulin [10.2+/-4.36] and HOMA-IR [2.52+/-1.15] were significantly [p <0.05] higher in NDHF patients as compared to control subject [6.4+/-3.39, 1.45+/-0.80]. Average insulin to glucose ratio was 0.10+/-0.044 in NDHF patients which was significantly [p <0.0001] lowered in controls i.e., 0.073+/-0.039. Marginal and matrix plot analysis revealed that a higher patients count have had the HOMA-IR values <1.5 units while opposite scenario was observed in control group. Regression analyses of HOMA-IR with FBGL [as independent indicator] also authenticate the similar pattern. The present study concludes that insulin resistance [decreased insulin sensitivity] is a characteristic finding in Pakistani population of heart failure as compared to matched healthy controls

Ethanolic seeds extract of Centratherum anthelminticum reduces oxidative stress in type 2 diabetes

This work was accomplished to assess the in-vitro antiglycation and antioxidant activities of ethanolic seeds extract of Centratherum anthelminticum [CSEt], followed by its in-vivo examination in type 2 diabetes. Overnight fasted rabbits were divided into control and diabetic groups. Rabbits in diabetic group were fed with 35% fructose solution to develop hyperglycemia that was well-monitored by glucometer. These were divided into diabetic control [distilled water 1ml/kg], positive control group [pioglitazone 15mg/kg] and two test groups [CSEt 400 and 600mg treated]. All treatments were given orally. After 14 days, rabbits were sacrificed and blood samples were used to estimate glycated haemoglobin [HbA1c] while total bilirubin [direct and indirect], uric acid, alanine aminotransferase [ALT] and creatine kinase [CK] were done in sera. In addition, antioxidant parameters viz., catalase [CAT], superoxide dismutase [SOD], reduced glutathione [GSH] and lipid peroxidation [LPO] were in liver tissues. The in-vitro studies showed good antiglycation and antioxidant potential of CSEt. Similarly, in-vivo investigation showed significant reduction in glycemia and body weights in type 2 diabetic test groups. Plus values of HbA1c, ALT, CK, uric acid and bilirubin were almost back to normal along with improvement found in efficiency of antioxidant parameters

Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activities of crude seeds of Centratherum anthelminticum in healthy volunteers and type 2 diabetic patients

This study first time reports the hypoglycaemic activity of crude seeds powder [CSP] of Centratherum anthelminticum in healthy and type 2 diabetic volunteers. In addition, hypolipidemic effect of same CSP was also determined in healthy volunteers. Healthy individuals were divided into control and two test groups T1 and T2 treated with 200 and 400mg of CSP. Similarly, type 2 diabetic patients were also divided into positive control [PC] treated with metformin 600mg and two test groups DT1 [CSP 400mg + metformin 600mg] and DT2 [CSP 400mg]. Each group has 6 individuals and each treatment was done orally. CSP 400mg was found more hypoglycaemic on all time intervals from 30 to 120min when oral glucose tolerance test was conducted in healthy volunteers. Both test quantities of CSP 200 and 400 mg were found successful in same healthy personsin decreasing the levels of triglycerides and total cholesterol [p<0.05], low and very low density lipoprotein cholesterols [p<0.01] and keeping the level of high density lipoprotein cholesterol as same as it was observed in control group. Similarly, CSP 400mg along with metformin and alone was also found helpful in lowering the fasting blood glucose levels in type 2 diabetic patients [DT1 and DT2] -24.99% and -20.62% respectively as compared to diabetic group only treated with metformin [PC], [p<0.01]. Therefore, CSP of C. antheminticum proves effective hypoglycaemic and hypolipidemic agent by possibly inducing glucose tolerance in healthy individuals and type 2 diabetic patients