survey about the most common irrigant and most common method of irrigant usage by dentists in Rawalpindi/ Islamabad hospitals

The purpose of this study was to find out the most common irrigant and irrigation method used by dentists of Rawalpindi/IslamabadA questionnaire was distributed by hand to dentists in the 6 hos-pitals of Rawalpindi/ Islamabad which consisted of a set of 7 questions regarding the most common irrigant and the method of irrigation used for the disinfection and cleaning of the root canal system. The study was carried over a period of one week and the total number of respondents were 113.It was found out that among the 113 respondents, 70 [61.94%] were using saline as root canal irrigant, 37 [32.74% ] were using NaOCL ,and only 6 [5.30%], were using combination of NaOCL and EDTA. Out of 113 respondants, 101 [89.38%] were use syringe delivery method and 12 [10.61%] manually agitated the solution with file for irrigation. The most common reason for not using the NaOCL and EDTA combination was due to time constraint that didn't allow dentists to use rubber dam i.e by 75 respondents [72.82%]. Unaffordability and unavailaibility was reported to be the cause by 10[9.7%] and 14[13.59%] respondants respectively. Saline was found out to be the most common irrigant used and the most common method of irrigation was found out to be through syringe delivery

Complete hydatidiform mole coexisting with three viable fetuses in a quadruplet pregnancy

We hereby report a case of quadruplet pregnancy with delivery of 3 viable infants and a complete mole. This was an induced conception with clomiphene citrate. At 22 weeks, cystic structures were noticed in one of the placentae and a suspicion of co-existant molar pregnancy was made. The case discussed with oncologist and pregnancy was continued with close monitoring of beta-hCG and Ultrasound. Her beta-hCG at 23 weeks was 748 mIU/ml, which continued to rise until the 29th week of gestation to a level of 305881.68 mIU/ml and declined gradually thereafter. Similarly, hydropic change in placenta also continued to increase progressively. She was given steroid cover at 32 weeks and delivery was aimed at 34 weeks of gestation. The patient went into preterm labour at 33 weeks and 3 female infants delivered by lower segment cesarean section [LSCS] followed by removal of 3 placentae along with copious molar tissue at the end. The newborns were kept in the nursery; non-requiring assisted ventilation and discharged in satisfactory condition. The histopathology and immunohistochemistry confirmed the diagnosis of a quadruplet pregnancy comprising of one complete mole with 3 normal placentae

Spectrum of histopathological findings in live donor liver graft biopsies

To study the spectrum of histopathological findings in live donor liver graft biopsies. Case series. Histopathology Department, Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, from January 2011 to March 2014. The biopsies were received in formalin and routinely processed. The changes encountered were divided into three categories: [i] new-onset post liver transplantation [LT] complications [early and late], [ii] acute rejection and [iii] recurrence of original disease. Banff schema 1997 of rejection activity index [RAI], modified histological activity index [mHAI] and recent literature were utilized for evaluation. The results were finalized in the light of clinical details along with relevant laboratory investigations and radiological findings. Seventy eight percutaneous hepatic graft biopsies of 59 patients were evaluated. Among them, findings noticed in descending order of frequencies were Acute Cellular Rejection [ACR] in 37% [n=30], recurrent hepatitis C [HCV] in 22% [n=18], cholestasis/ductular proliferation in 27% [n=22], ischemic/reperfusion injury in 9.8% [n=8] and drug-induced liver injury in 3.7% [n=3]. In the first six months post LT, ACR was the commonest cause of graft dysfunction, while recurrent HCV was noticed to be predominant reason after 6 months. In this study, ACR was the most frequent finding in graft biopsies, followed by recurrent HCV. However, in first six months, ACR is the commonest histopathological finding while recurrent HCV was more frequently documented after 6 months

Complete hydatid form mole in a quadruplet pregnancy with coexisting three viable fetusis: a case report

We hereby report the occurrence of quadruplet pregnancy with delivery of three viable infants and a complete mole. This was an induced conception with clomiphene citrate. At 22 weeks molar change was noticed in one of the placenta. Case was discussed with oncologist and pregnancy was continued with close monitoring of beta-hCG and ultrasound. Patient had no associated medical co-morbidity; she was given steroid cover at 32 weeks and delivery was planned at 34 weeks of pregnancy. Patient went into preterm labor at 33 weeks and three female infants were delivered followed by removal of three placentas along with copious molar tissue at the end. Babies were kept in nursery; none required assisted ventilation and were discharged in satisfactory condition. Histopathology a d immunohistochemistry confirmed quadruplet pregnancy comprising of one complete mole with three normal placentas