RESUMO
Background and Objective: Rehabilitation focuses brain-behavior relationship which highlights interaction between psychological and neurobiological factors for better patient care. There is a missing link in the literature about socio-cognitive aspects of frontal lobe epilepsy. Our objective was to examine prefrontal cortical functioning [PCF] and empathic abilities in patients with frontal lobe epilepsy [FLE]. Further, we analyzed whether any relationship between components of dispositional empathy and PCF exists in patients with FLE
Methods: The study was designed in an experimental paradigm. Sixty patients with FLE were recruited from Sheikh Zayed and Jinnah hospital, Pakistan. Sixty healthy individuals in response to an advertisement took part in the study as control subjects. Participants completed interpersonal reactivity index. Following they performed clock drawing test and word-color identification task switching experiment
Result: Patients with FLE demonstrated weaker PCF [i.e., cognitive flexibility and executive function] as compared to healthy control subjects. Patients with FLE scored lesser on cognitive empathy as compared to healthy control subjects. On contrary, there was no significant difference between patient and control group on affective empathy. Cognitive not affective empathy was potential predictor of PCF
Conclusion: Cognitive empathy is a significant marker of prefrontal cortical functioning [PCF] in FLE. Higher cognitive empathy would lead to efficient PCF
RESUMO
The dental arch width is of significant interest to orthodontists. The literature confirms a significant difference among the arch width dimensions among the established type of class II malocclusions. The purpose of this study was thus to compare dental arch widths in Class II/1 with Class II/2 malocclusion subjects. The Intercanine, Interpremolar and Intermolar widths were measured on 100 dental casts [50 class II/1 and 50 class II/2 malocclusion subjects]. The data was developed on SPSS 16 for windows. Independent-samples t-test was applied for comparison of the groups. The mandibular Interpremolar width was found out to be significantly narrower whereas Intermolar width was larger in class II/2 sample. No significant differences were documented for maxillary Intercanine and Interpremolar widths, whereas the Intermolar arch width was significantly lager in class II/2 subjects. Lower Interpremolar width was significantly narrow in class II/2 malocclusion and the maxillary and mandibular Intermolar arch width was significantly larger in class II/2 malocclusion