Inflammatory Response of Secretoneurin -Immunoreactive Nerves in the Rat Uterus after Formalin Exposure / 체질인류학회지

It is known that there are numerous chemotatic secretoneurin -immunoreactive nerve fibers and movable MHC class II -immunoreactive dendritic cells in the normal uterine cervix. And the relationships between them are not fully understood. The aim of this study is to reveal that secretoneurin could give to chemotatic influence to dendritic cells in inflammational state. Virgin female Sprague -Dawley rats (n = 20; approximately 2 months old; 200 ~250 g body weight) were used in this study. Animals (n = 10) were injected with 5% formalin (0.5 ml/day, 5 days) in experiment group. Animals were deeply anesthetized with 3.5% chloral hydrate (100 mg/kg, i.p.) and uterine cervix were removed. Immunostaining was done according to standard methods used routinely. In brief, tissue sections were incubated with primary antibodies generated in mouse anti -rat MHC class II antibody and mouse or rabbit anti -rat secretoneurin antibody for single and double immunostains. FITC for secretoneurin and rhodamine for MHC class II were used as secondary antibodies in double stains. Tissue sections were observed by using light and confocal laser scanning microscopes. The results were as follows; 1. Numerous secretoneurin -immunoreactive nerve fibers were located in the lamina propria and those were not found in the epithelium of normal rat uterine cervix. 2. MHC class II -immunoreactive dendritic cells were mainly located in the epithelium and the lamina propria of normal rat uterine cervix. 3. On the inflammation state, MHC class II -immunoreactive dendritic cells were mainly located in the lamina propria and those were not found in the epithelium of rat uterine cervix. According to above results, it is suggested that secretoneurin can give to chemotatic influence to dendritic cells in inflammational state. Therefore, secretoneurin is considered to be used for dendritic cell immunotheraphy.

Clinical Analysis of Complications of Surgery for Arteriovenous Malformations of the Brain

A variety of therapeutic options are available for managing arteriovenous malformations(AVM's) including microsurgical resection, embolization, stereotactic radiosurgery or a combination of these treatments. The primary advantages of neurosurgical resection include immediate and almost certain cure, immediate elimination of the risk of hemorrhage, and the absence of longterm delayed complications. Surgery, however, is more invasive than other therapeutic options and is associated with the potential for perioperative morbidity or mortality. A series of 42 patients undergoing microsurgical resection of AVM's of the brain between January 1990 and March 1998 were analyzed for complications and postoperative outcomes. Twelve patients(28.6%) had complications. There were 5 deaths(11.9%) which were thought to be caused by increased intracranial pressure(3 cases), venous infarction(1 case) and postoperative hemorrhage(1 case). Other nonfatal complications were 3 cases of motor weakness, a case of visual field defect following occipital lobe retraction, a case of dilated cardiomyopathy in children and two cases of new onset of seizures. All cases were graded according to the Spetzler-Martin classification. There were six cases of complications in 22 patients with Grade I AVM'(22.7%), three cases of complications in 10 patients with Grade II AVM'(30.0%), one case of complications in 7 patients with Grade III AVM'(14.2%), no complications in 1 patient with Grade IV AVM', and two cases of complications in 2 patients with Grade V AVM'(100%). The various components of the AVM' grading system were analyzed for the ability to predict complications, but there was no statistical significance in this study. The preoperative Glasgow coma scale accurately correlated with the incidence of postoperative complications(p=0.004).

Atlantoaxial Dislocation in Down Syndrome Treated by Occipitocervical Fusion Using Threaded Steinmann Pin: A Case Report

Atlantoaxial dislocation is common in patients with Down syndrome, and an increased incidence was first noted by Tishler and Martel in 1965. Laxity of the transverse atlantal ligament is thought to be responsible for atlantoaxial dislocation, and surgical stabilization has been recommended for pateints who have instability, with or without myelopathy. Various surgical techniques and hardwares have been developed for occipitcervical fusion with varying degrees of results. The authors presents a case of Down syndrome with cervical myelopathy treated by occipitocervical fusion with an anatomically contoured threaded Steinmann-pin, which was secured to the occiput via small burr holes and to the vertebrae by sublaminar wiring, and supplemental autograft. This technique has the advantage over bone grafting, in that it affords rigid stabilization, allows early mobilization and may contribute to eventual bony fusion.

Uroflow Rate Nomograms related to Age and Voiced Volume in Korea Pediatric Males / 대한비뇨기과학회지

PURPOSE: To determine the uroflow rates of normal Korean pediatric male, uroflowmetry was peformed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of the 237 normal children who ranged in age from 2 to 14 years(mean: 7.2+/-2.1years)was available for this study. Uroflow 1 data(peak and average flow) were plotted in volume-related nomograms in 3 different age groups : 2 to 4, 5 to7 and 8 to 14 years old. RESULTS: The mean peak flow(10.3+/-3.7, 12.2+/-4.9 and 14.3+/-5.2m1/sec) and average flow(6.4+/-2.6, 7.1)3.0 and 8.3+/-3.4m1/sec) were increased significantly with increasing age(p<0.05). In a same voided volume the peak and average flow rates were not increased significantly with increasing age but, in a same age group they were significantly increased according to the volume voided (p<0.05). Peak and average flow rates in the circumcision group(13.7+/-6.7, 8.3+/-4.7m1/sec) was not significantly different from non-circumcision group(10.9+/-5.0, 16.1+/-3.0ml/sec). CONCLUSIONS: These uroflow rate nomograms will be useful for the assessment of voiding action related to the voided volume and age in Korean pediatric males.