Valores espirométricos en niños y adolescentes chilenos sanos / Spirometric values in healthy Chilean children and adolescents

Background: Spirometric flow and volume measurement are essential to evaluate patients with pulmonary disease. In Chile, several reference equations are used. Aim: To measure flow and expiratory volumes in healthy children and adolescents and compare their results with theoretical values according to Knudson, Quanjer, Gutierrez and NANHES III. Subjects and Methods: Spirometries were performed according to international standards in 1589 healthy children and adolescents aged 6 to 18 years (861 females) who lived in Santiago, Chile. Results: The obtained values for forced vital capacity, expiratory volume in one second, peak expiratory flow, were significantly higher than those calculated according to the above mentioned standards (p < 0.0001) with differences up to 18.7%. We constructed reference formulas for ages ranging from 6 to 18 years, separated by gender, using age, weight and height as independent variables. The latter had the greater influence on formula construction. Conclusions: The use of these new local formulas with allow the correct interpretation of spirometric results obtained in Chilean children and adolescents.

Muerte súbita del lactante / Sudden infant death

La muerte súbita (MS) del lactante es una de las condiciones más trágicas en la vida de una familia, representando una de las causas mas frecuentes de muerte infantil en los países desarrollados. Pese a todos los esfuerzo se desconoce muchos aspectos fisiopatológicos. Por otra parte, si bien existe una relación con ALTE, ésta aún no es fácil de entender. En ésta breve revisión se analizan algunos datos recientes en la literatura acerca de fisiopatología, factores de riesgo, manejo de MS y las recomendaciones y consensos para prevenir la MS.