RESUMO
As a natural product with a long history of medicinal use, parthenolide has aroused great interest of chemists and biologists. Existing studies have shown that it has anti-inflammatory, antitumor and other pharmacological activities, and also revealed its action on NF-κB signaling pathway, DNMT1 enzyme and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. But its biological targets remain to be elucidated systematically. Proteolysis Targeting Chimeras (PROTAC) provides a new strategy for target discovery of natural products, which can be used to explore the panorama of protein changes in cells through proteomic investigation, so as to analyze their potential targets. Based on this idea, current study designed and synthesized 20 parthenolide-derived degraders. After measured their antitumor activity in vitro, selected compounds were carried out the proteomic experiment. Finally, 139 down-regulated differentially expressed proteins were identified and the discovery of parthenolide interacting protein was preliminarily explored.
RESUMO
The manufacturing process of traditional Chinese medicine is subject to material fluctuation and other uncertain factors which usually cause non-optimal state and inconsistent product quality. Therefore, it is necessary to design and collect the quality-rela-ted physical parameters, process parameters, and equipment parameters in the whole manufacturing process of traditional Chinese medicine for digitization and modeling of the process. In this paper, a method for non-optimal state identification and self-recovering regulation was developed for active quality control in the manufacturing process of traditional Chinese medicine. Moreover, taking vacuum belt drying process as an example, a DQN algorithm-based intelligent decision model was established and verified and the implementation process was also discussed and studied. Thus, the process parameters-based self-optimization strategy discovery and path planning of optimal process control were rea-lized in this study. The results showed that the deep reinforcement learning-based artificial intelligence technology was helpful to improve the product quality consistency, reduce production cost, and increase benefit.
Assuntos
Medicina Tradicional Chinesa , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas , Inteligência Artificial , Controle de Qualidade , AlgoritmosRESUMO
AIM: To investigate the visual fatigue of patients with accommodative asthenopia and the difference in scores before and after treatment by using the asthenopia survey scale(ASS), and to evaluate its reliability, validity and responsiveness in this population.METHODS: A total of 112 patients with accommodative asthenopia were admitted to the department of ophthalmology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine and recruited online were investigated using the ASS questionnaire, and 48 subjects were randomly selected and retested 1wk later. A variety of reliability, validity and responsiveness indicators were used to evaluate the scale.RESULTS: The overall Cronbach's α coefficients of the scale entries was 0.91; The split-half reliability coefficients was 0.86; Repeated measurement correlation coefficient of the scale total score was 0.74, there was no significant difference before and after(P>0.05); The results of confirmatory factor analysis showed that the absolute fit index of the three-factor structural model was χ2/df<2.0, RMSEA=0.08; The correlation coefficients of each dimension's total score and the scale's total score were 0.92, 0.90 and 0.83 respectively; The standard association validity analysis showed statistically significant differences between groups(P<0.01). Response analysis was statistically significant before and after treatment(P<0.01).CONCLUSION: The ASS has high reliability, validity and responsiveness in the clinical evaluation of accommodative asthenopia, and it's an effective tool for clinical research and screening of asthenopia in this population.
RESUMO
Objective:To detect the level of serological indexes in patients with chronic hepatitis B and carry out magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination at the same time, so as to construct a diagnostic model for liver fibrosis and evaluate its diagnostic value.Methods:A total of 267 patients with chronic hepatitis B in Fushun Central Hospital from January 2018 to June 2020 were selected as the research objects. The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) was measured by introvoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) magnetic resonance imaging, and the related serological indexes were detected; Pearson method was used to analyze the correlation among Frons index, aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index (APRI), fibrosis index based on the 4 factor (Fib-4), red blood cell volume distribution width to platelet ratio (RPR) and ADC; Logistic regression analysis was used to establish a new diagnosis model of hepatic fibrosis; receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the diagnostic value of liver fibrosis model.Results:The pathological examination of 267 patients with chronic hepatitis B showed that there were 35 cases in F0 stage, 47 cases in F1 stage, 58 cases in F2 stage, 66 cases in F3 stage and 61 cases in F4 stage. There were significant differences in platelet (PLT), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), prothrombin activity (PTA), collagen Ⅳ (CⅣ), laminin (LN), hyaluronic acid (HA), precollagen Ⅲ (PCⅢ), Frons index, aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index (APRI), fibrosis index based on the 4 factor(Fib-4), red blood cell volume distribution width to platelet ratio (RPR) and ADC in patients with mild liver fibrosis (F0-F1), moderate liver fibrosis (F2-F3) and severe liver fibrosis (F4) ( P<0.05). Pearson analysis showed that Frons index, APRI, Fib-4, RPR and ADC were positively correlated ( P<0.05). The comparison of value of logistic probability risk estimating (PRE) and Frons index, APRI, Fib-4, RPR in the diagnosis of chronic hepatitis B liver fibrosis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) of Frons index, Fib-4 and APRI in the diagnosis of moderate liver fibrosis were higher than that of mild and severe liver fibrosis, with AUC of 0.903, 0.928 and 0.957, respectively; the AUC of RPR in the diagnosis of mild and moderate hepatic fibrosis was higher (0.861); the AUC of PRE in the diagnosis of mild, moderate and severe liver fibrosis was 0.860, 0.861 and 0.865, respectively; the sensitivity was 64.6%, 76.6%, 73.8%, and the specificity was 96.3%, 89.5% and 95.1%, respectively. Conclusions:Frons index, APRI, Fib-4, RPR and PRE liver fibrosis diagnostic models have certain diagnostic value. Among them, the liver fibrosis diagnostic model predicted by MRI and serological indexes has the best comprehensive efficiency. The best diagnostic scheme should be selected according to the actual situation.
RESUMO
In this paper, we first introduced the concept of digital twin(DT) based key technologies for intelligent manufacturing of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) and applied DT in two case studies of novel extraction equipment for traditional Chinese medicine and drying equipment for Chinese medicine pills to illustrate the advantages of DT in development of new pharmaceutical technology and optimization of pharmaceutical equipment structure. Furthermore, we discussed the feasibility to adopt DT in the production process of TCM for formation of data-driven real-time optimization of production process and dynamic prediction `of operation and maintenance service. The "ruled" production mode based on data and driven by algorithm was constructed to realize the technical scheme of quality perception, evaluation, prediction, intelligent control and intelligent decision-making in product life cycle.
Assuntos
Comércio , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas , Medicina Tradicional Chinesa , Controle de Qualidade , Tecnologia FarmacêuticaRESUMO
Objective To analyze the differences in the expression levels of the lncRNA MALAT1, NEAT, NEAT2 in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) from tuberculosis patients and healthy controls. Methods We detected the lncRNA expression levels in PBMC from 79 tuberculosis patients and 82 healthy controls by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and analyzed the correlation between lncRNA expression levels and some clinical features and laboratory indicators in tuberculosis patients. Results The expression levels of MALAT1, NEAT1 in PBMC of tuberculosis patients were significantly higher than healthy controls (Z=-4.386, P<0.001; Z=-10.175, P<0.001). There was no significant difference in the expression of NEAT2 between tuberculosis patients and healthy controls (Z=-0.203，P=0.839). The correlation results of lncRNA levels and some clinical features, laboratory indicators in tuberculosis patients suggested that the NEAT2 level in PBMC of newly treated tuberculosis patients was higher than recurrent tuberculosis patients, while the NEAT2 level in PBMC of sputum smear positive tuberculosis patients was lower than that of sputum smear negative tuberculosis patients (all P<0.05). There was a negative correlation between MALAT1 level and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (rs=-0.256, P=0.034). Conclusion MALAT1 and NEAT1 are abnormally expressed in PBMC of tuberculosis patients, and may be involved in the pathogenesis of pulmonary tuberculosis.
RESUMO
Mori Cortex is the dry root bark of Moras alba L. and usually used in clinical practice. It is sweet and cold in nature, and enters the lung meridian. With effects in purging lung and relieving asthma, and inducing diuresis to reduce edema, it is mainly used to treat lung heat, asthma, cough, swelling, urine deficiency and facial skin edema. In clinic, it is mainly used for the treatment of respiratory system, urinary infection and diabetes mellitus. In recent years, great progress has been made in studies on the pharmacological effects of Mori Cortex. The literatures on the pharmacological effects of Mori Cortex in recent years were reviewed and summarized in this paper. Mori Cortex has antitussive, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic, cardiovascular, antiviral, anticancer, immunoregulatory, antioxidation and anti-allergy and other pharmacological effects, in addition to antitussive, expectorant, antiasthmatic and other traditional effects. Total flavones have a strong pharmacological activity. These extended studies provide valuable reference for the further development of Mori Cortex. This paper summarizes the pharmacological effects of Mori Cortex, proposes the key directions of further studies, and provides the beneficial reference for better development and utilization of Mori Cortex.
RESUMO
In 2017,the Diabetes Management Center was founded in Shandong Third Provincial Hospital.On the basis of the center,a network was established which integrated the tertiary hospital,district hospitals,community health service institutions and family of patients forming the"Four in One"model of diabetes management.This article introduces the background,application,and preliminary accomplishments in individualized and standardized diabetic management of this internet plus model.The challenges and suggestions for future development of the "Four in One" model are also discussed.
RESUMO
Objective To investigate the effect of alogliptin on albuminuria in patients with early type 2 diabetic kidney disease (DKD) and the related mechanism.Methods One hundred patients with early DKD admitted in our hospital from May 2016 to May 2017 were randomly divided into two groups with 50 cases in each group.Patients in the control group were given metformin and gliclazide,while those in study group were given metformin and alogliptin,the treatment lasted for 24 weeks.The changes of urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR),stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α) and the fasting plasma glucose (FPG),2-h postprandial plasma glucose (2 hPPG),glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c) were measured before and after the treatment in two groups.Results There were no significant differences in HbA1c [(8.17± 0.46)％ vs.(8.29±0.48)％],UACR[(109±53) vs.(105±48)mg/g],SDF-1α [(1.21±0.3 9) vs.(1.17±0.35)μg/L] levels before treatment between two groups (t=0.343,0.464,0.075,all P＞0.05).After treatment,the HbA1c levels were significantly decreased in both groups (t=2.293,2.302,all P=0.03) and there was no significant difference between two groups[(6.82±0.75)％ vs.(6.93 ±0.79)％,t=0.295,P=0.77];the UACR levels were significantly reduced in both groups,but the level of study group was significantly lower than that of control group [(82±38) vs.(94±47) mg/g,t=3.320,P＜0.01];the SDF-1α levels were significantly increased in both groups,but the level of study group was significantly higher than that of control group[(3.01 ±0.38) vs.(2.76±0.42)μg/L,t=5.474,P＜0.01].There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups [13％ (6/46) vs.12％ (6/48),x2=0.002,P＞0.05].Conclusion Alogliptin can effectively control the blood glucose,reduce urine albumin excretion and protect renal function in patients with early type 2 diabetic nephropathy,which is associated with the increased SDF-1α levels.
RESUMO
Objective To understand status and influencing factors for cervical discomfort in medical staff and to provide evidence for cervical spondylosis control. Methods We made a cervical discomfort questionnaire for medical personnel, including information about demography, life style, occupational hazard and symptoms of cervical discomfort. Then we carried out a survey from May to July 2017 in a hospital and used logistic regression model to analyze the influencing factors for cervical discomfort in medical staff. Results There were 965 medical staff participated in the survey, the response rate was 79.88% (965/1 208) . A total of 454 cases reported to have cervical discomfort, the prevalence was 47.05%. The results of multiple logistic regression analysis showed that years of service (OR4-10=2.551, 95% CI: 1.683-3.861; OR ＞10=1.767, 95% CI:1.325-2.358), air pollution in the workplace (ORgeneral=0.612, 95%CI: 0.418-0.898; ORno=0.684, 95%CI: 0.469-0.997), new business adaptability (OR=1.749, 95%CI: 1.325-2.309) were the influencing factors for cervical discomfort in medical staff. Conclusion The prevalence of cervical discomfort is high in medical staff. Years of service, working environment and new business adaptability are associated with cervical discomfort in medical staff.
RESUMO
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of semen-derived enhancer of virus infection (SEVI) on the infection of transmitted/founder (TF) HIV-1 and its matched chronic control (CC) viruses and the antagonism of ADS-J1 on SEVI-mediated enhancement of TF and CC virus infection in vitro.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>PAPself-assembling into SEVI amyloid fibrils was validated by ThT assay. We generated the virus stocks of TF and CC virus pair. TZM-bl cells were infected with the mixture of SEVI and TF or CC viruses for 72 h. Luciferase activity was used to observe the enhancement of SEVI. SEVI was treated with different concentrations of ADS-J1 and incubated with TF or CC viruses. TZM-bl cells were then infected with the mixture and luciferase activity was detected 72 h after infection to analyze the antagonism of ADS-J1 on the enhancing effect of SEVI. ADS-J1 was also incubated with TF and CC viruses directly and TZM-bl cells were infected for 72 h to evaluate the antiviral effect using luciferase assay. SEVI was treated with ADS-J1 and Zeta potential was determined to explore the antagonistic mechanism of ADS-J1.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>ThT assay showed that PAPwas capable of self-assembly into SEVI amyloid fibrils. SEVI significantly accelerated TF and CC viruses infection (P<0.05), and ADS-J1 not only significantly antagonized the enhancement of SEVI (P<0.05) but also directly inhibited the infection of TF and CC viruses (P<0.05). ADS-J1 neutralized the positive charge of SEVI in a dose-dependent manner.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>SEVI promotes the infection of TF and CC strains, and ADS-J1 antagonizes SEVI-mediated enhancement of TF and CC viruses by neutralizing the positive charge of SEVI.</p>
RESUMO
· AIM:To investigate the effect of macular focal/grid laser photocoagulation with Ranibizumab on the treatment of diabetic macular edema (DME).· METHODS:Totally 70 patients (99 eyes) with DME treated in our hospital from August 2014 to August 2016 were randomly divided into the observation group and the control group,with 50 eyes and 49 eyes,respectively.Patients in control group were treated with macular focal/ grid laser photocoagulation,and based on this,the observation group was treated with intravitreal injection of ranibizuma at 5-7d before operation.The best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) before and after operation was compared between the two groups.Central macular thickness (CMT) was examined by optical coherence tomography (OCT),and fluorescein fundus angiography (FFA) was used to examine the leakage area of retinal neovascularization (RNV) and macular edema.· RESULTS:The BCVA in both groups increased significantly after operation,and the BCVA in observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group at each time point after operation,the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).After treatment,the CMT and leakage area of RNV in both groups significantly decreased,and the leakage area of the observation group were significantly less than those in control group at each time point (P＜ 0.05).There were different degrees of macular edema leakage in the two groups before operation,and the proportion of eye with macular edema and leakage in observation group was significantly lower than that in control group,the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).No obvious complications occurred in the two groups.· CONCLUSION:Compared with macular focal/grid laser photocoagulation,the combination of macular focal/grid laser photocoagulation and ranibizumab has better curative effect on DME and RNV reduction.Moreover,the patients' visual acuity improve significantly with a higher safety.
RESUMO
Early treatment including cryotherapy,laser therapy and intravitreal anti-VEGF agent injection for retinopathy of prematurity with threshold retinopathy of prematurity (ROP),prethreshold ROP (type I) or aggressive posterior ROP (AP-ROP) have certain effect on ocular structure,development and refractive status.And this paper will give a review on the latest advance in refractive status after the early treatment for severe ROP.
RESUMO
Early treatment including cryotherapy,laser therapy and intravitreal anti-VEGF agent injection for retinopathy of prematurity with threshold retinopathy of prematurity (ROP),prethreshold ROP (type I) or aggressive posterior ROP (AP-ROP) have certain effect on ocular structure,development and refractive status.And this paper will give a review on the latest advance in refractive status after the early treatment for severe ROP.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVE:To study the effects of combined decoctions of alismatis rhizoma and curcumae radix and rehmanniae radix praeparata on the decoction amount of acteoside in rehmanniae radix praeparata,and provide reference for studying the effec-tive ingredients of three-drug effect. METHODS:Single decoction-1(rehmanniae radix praeparata 20 g),single decoction-2(alis-matis rhizoma 20 g),single decoction-3(curcumae radix 20 g),combined decoction-1(rehmanniae radix praeparata 20 g,alisma-tis rhizoma 20 g),combined decoction-2(rehmanniae radix praeparata 20 g,curcumae radix 20 g),combined decoction-3(alisma-tis rhizoma 20 g,curcumae radix 20 g)and combined decoction-4(rehmanniae radix praeparata 20 g,alismatis rhizoma 20 g,cur-cumae radix 20 g)were respectively taken to prepare dry extracts after extracting by refluxing,HPLC was used to detect the acteo-side content and calculate its decoction amount in sample. RESULTS:The decoction amounts of acteoside in single decoction-1, combined decoction-1,combined decoction-2 and combined decoction-4 dry extracts were 0.0354,0.0223,0.0228,0.0110 mg/g,respectively. Compared with single decoction-1 group,the last 3 groups had statistical significances(P<0.01);combined decoc-tion-4 showed lowest decoction amount in three-drug combined decoction group. Acteoside was not detected in the negative control groups(single decoction-2,single decoction-3 and combined decoction-3). CONCLUSIONS:The decoction amount of acteoside is reduced when alismatis rhizoma,curcumae radix and rehmanniae radix praeparata were decocted together,indicating that it may not be the main ingredient of playing effects in three-drug combined decoction liquid.
RESUMO
AIM To study the effects of Rehmanniae Radix Preparata (A) and Poria (B) on decoction amounts of loganin,morroniside and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural in Corni Fructus (C).METHODS These three medicinal materials were combined one another and divided into seven groups (A,B,C,A + B,A + C,B + C and A + B + C).Then the contents of three constituents were determined by HPLC.RESULTS Compared with the single decoction of Corni Fructus,the decoction amounts of loganin and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural were decreased,and that of morroniside was increased at the time of mixed decoction of Rehmanniae Radix Preparata and Corni Fructus,or Rehmanniae Radix Preparata,Poria and Corni Fructus.This situation was just the contrary at the time of mixed decoction of Poria and Corni Fructus.CONCLUSION The mixed decoction of Corni Fructus,Rehmanniae Radix Preparata and Poria increases the decoction amount of morroniside,which may make mixed decoction liquid show better efficacy.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the decoction amount changes of verbascoside,gallic acid in single decoction and com-bined decoction of rehmanniae radix preparata,corni fructus and poria,and provide scientific basis for further study of effective substance basis. METHODS:The single decoction,combined decoction with each 2 medicine and combined decoction with the 3 medicines of rehmanniae radix preparata,corni fructus and poria,were respectively prepared. HPLC was adopted to detect and com-pare the decoction amount of active component verbascoside in rehmanniae radix preparata and active component gallic acid in cor-ni fructus in each group. RESULTS:Compared with single decoction of rehmanniae radix preparata,the decoction amount of ver-bascoside was decreased in combined decoction of poria+rehmanniae radix preparata(P<0.01),decoction amount of verbascoside was increased in combined decoction of corni fructus+rehmanniae radix preparata or combined decoction with the 3 medicines(P<0.01). Compared with single decoction of corni fructus,the decoction amount of gallic acid in each combined decoction was de-creased (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS:The combined decoction of rehmanniae radix preparata,corni fructus and poria has certain promotion and inhibition effects on the decoction of verbascoside in rehmanniae radix preparata and inhibition effect on the decoc-tion of gallic acid in corni fructus. It is speculated verbascoside may be one of the main components in combined decoction playing the role of effectiveness.
RESUMO
A method was established for the simultaneous determination of the total fatty acid esters of chloropropanols in edible oils by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry combined with isotope dilution technology. The samples were hydrolyzed with sodium methylate-methanol, and then purified by diatomite cartridge. After being derivatized with heptafluorobutyrylimidazole ( HFBI ), the target analytes were determined by GC-MS with the deuteriumchloropropanols esters as the internal standards. An excellent linear correlation in the range of 0. 050-2. 000 mg / L was acquired for 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) esters, 2-MCPD esters, dichloropropan-2-ol (1,3-DCP) esters and 2,3-dichloropropan-1-ol (2,3-DCP) esters, with all the correlation coefficients (r) higher than 0. 9995. The limits of detection (LODs) for 3-MCPD esters, 2-MCPD esters, 1,3-DCP esters and 2,3-DCP esters were 0. 015, 0. 015, 0. 030, and 0. 030 mg / kg, respectively, and the limits of quantitation (LOQ) were 0. 050, 0. 050, 0. 100, and 0. 100 mg / kg, respectively. The average spike recoveries of the four kinds of chloropropanols esters in blank extra virgin olive oil matrix were typically in a range of 87. 0% -110. 5% with the relative standard deviations (RSDs) less than 10. 1% . The detection rates of 3-MCPD esters, 2-MCPD esters, 1,3-DCP esters and 2,3-DCP esters in 74 edible oil samples were 94. 6% , 63. 5% , 5. 4% , and 0% , respectively. The contamination levels of 3-MCPD esters, 2-MCPD esters and 1,3-DCP esters were in the range of not detected (ND) to 10. 646 mg / kg, ND to 3. 617 mg / kg and ND to 0. 089 mg / kg, respectively. This method is accurate and rugged for the simultaneous determination of total fatty acid esters of chloropropanols in edible vegetable oils.
RESUMO
AIM: To investigate the effects of Scutellaria barbata flavonoids (SBF) on neurofibrillary tangle (NFT) aggregation, tau protein phosphorylation and the regulated mechanism of glycogen synthase kinase (GSK) 3βand protein phosphatase (PP) 2A in the rats induced by amyloid βprotein 25-35 (Aβ25-35) in combination with AlCl3 and re-combinant human transforming growth factor ( RHTGF)-β1( composited Aβ) .METHODS:The male SD rats were used to establish the simulated Alzheimer disease ( AD) model by intracerebroventricular injection of composited Aβ.The Morris water maze was applied for screening the successful model rats with learning and memory deficits .The successful model rats were daily and orally administrated with SBF at doses of 35, 70 and 140 mg/kg or positive control drug Ginkgo biloba leaves flavonoids ( GLF) at 140 mg/kg for 37 d.The silver nitrate staining was used to determine the cortical NFT .The protein levels of total tau, phosphorylated protein of tau at Ser199 and Ser214 sites, GSK3βand PP2A in hippocampus and cortex were determined by Western blot .The mRNA expression of GSK3βand PP2A in the hippocampus and cortex was detected by RT-PCR.RESULTS:Compared with sham group , the cell number of positive NFT with silver nitrate staining in model rat cerebral cortex was significantly increased .The protein levels of phosphorylated tau protein at Ser 199 and Ser214 sites, GSK3βin the hippocampus and cerebral cortex in the model rats dramatically elevated , and PP2A was marked decreased as compared with the sham group rats.Meanwhile, the mRNA expression of GSK-3βsignificantly increased but PP2A was de-creased.However, these above abnormalities were differently attenuated by treating with SBF at different doses or GLF at 140 mg/kg for 37 d.CONCLUSION: SBF suppresses the NFT aggregation by inhibition of the regulatory functions of GSK-3βand PP2A, thus reducing the phosphorylation of tau protein .
RESUMO
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish a method for determination of fatty acid esters of chloropropanols (chloropropanols esters) in milk powder by isotope dilution-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and to acquire the pollution level of chloropropanols esters in infant formula and evaluate the dietary exposure risk of chloropropanols esters in infant formula for infants.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 111 infant formula samples were collected from supermarkets in Beijing, and the infant formula with no chloropropanols esters detected was served as the blank sample. The samples were ultrasonically extracted with hexane, followed by ester-bond cleavage reaction with sodium methylate-methanol and purification by matrix solid-supported liquid-liquid extraction, then being derivatived with heptafluoro butyrylimidazol. After extracted by sodium chloride solution, the derivatives were determined by GC-MS. The concentration of chloropropanols esters were quantified using the deuterium chloropropanols esters as the internal standards. The accuracy of the method was assessed by the recoveries of the blank spiked samples, and the relative standard deviations (RSD) of the recoveries represent the precision of the method. The contamination level of chloropropanols esters and the intake amount of the infant formula of the 6-month infant were used to estimate the dietary exposure assessment, and x (95% CI) and P97.5 of the contamination level of chloropropanols esters were used to represent the average dietary exposure and the high-end dietary exposure.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The satisfied linear correlations in the range of 0.010-0.800 mg/L was acquired for 3-MCPD esters, 2-MCPD esters, 1,3-DCP esters and 2,3-DCP esters with coefficient correlations of 0.999 9, 0.999 8, 0.999 5 and 0.999 6, respectively. The limits of detection (LOD) and the limits of quantitation (LOQ) for 3-MCPD esters, 2-MCPD esters, 1,3-DCP esters and 2,3-DCP esters were 0.005, 0.005, 0.015, 0.015 mg/kg, and 0.015, 0.015, 0.045, 0.045 mg/kg. The average recoveries of the four chloropropanols esters spiked at 0.025, 0.050 and 0.100 mg/kg in blank matrix were in a range from 80.3% to 111.9%, with relative standard deviations (RSD) less than 11.4%. Of the 111 infant formula samples, the detection rates and the contamination levels of 3-MCPD esters and 2-MCPD esters were 77.5% (86/111), 11.7% (13/111) with the contamination levels in the range of ND-0.230 mg/kg and ND-0.039 mg/kg, respectively, and χ (95% CI) and P97.5 of 3-MCPD esters and 2-MCPD esters were 0.020 (0.003-0.113) and 0.006 (0.005-0.025) mg/kg, 0.113 and 0.025 mg/kg, respectively. 1,3-DCP esters and 2,3-DCP esters were not detected in the 111 samples. x (95% CI) and P75 of the six-month old infants to 3-MCPD esters were 0.304 (0.038-1.735) and 1.735 µg · kg⁻¹ · d⁻¹, respectively, which accounted for 15.2% and 86.7% of the PMTDI (2 µg · kg⁻¹ · d⁻¹) of 3-MCPD.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>This GC-MS method was accurate and rugged for the determination of chloropropanols esters in milk powder. Based on the exposure assessment results, the health risk of chloropropanols esters for infants caused by the intake of infant formula was acceptable.</p>