Prognostic value of systemic immune-inflammation index in patients with hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure / 中华传染病杂志

Objective:To investigate the prognostic value of systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) in patients with hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure (HBV-ACLF).Methods:The clinical data, including age, gender, complications, laboratory examination results post-admission, SII, model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score, MELD-Na score, Child-Turcotte Pugh (CTP) score of HBV-ACLF patients treated in Huashan Hospital, Fudan University from January 2016 to August 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into survival group and death group according to the outcome at 90 days of follow-up.Paired sample t test, Mann-Whitney U test and chi-square test were used for statistical analysis.Pearson correlation was used to analyze the correlation between SII and the prognosis prediction model of HBV-ACLF. The area under the curve (AUC) was used to analyze the clinical efficacies of SII, MELD score, MELD-Na score and CTP score in predicting the prognosis of HBV-ACLF patients, and the optimal cut-off value of SII for predicting the prognosis of HBV-ACLF was calculated. Kaplan-Meier method was used for survival analysis. Results:A total of 140 patients with HBV-ACLF were included. There were 88 patients in the survival group, including 65 males and 23 females, with the age of (47.69±11.96) years. There were 52 cases in the death group, including 40 males and 12 females, with the age of (52.73±12.22) years. The age, aspartate aminotransferase, total bilirubin, serum creatinine, international normalized ratio, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio, SII, MELD score, MELD-Na score, CTP score and the incidence of infection in the death group were all significantly higher than those in the survival group, and albumin, lymphocyte count, platelet count, prognostic nutritional index in the death group were all significantly lower than those in the survival group, and the differences were all statistically significant ( t=-2.39, Z=-2.84, t=-4.81, Z=-2.15, Z=-4.91, Z=-3.47, Z=-3.36, Z=-3.83, Z=-4.69, Z=-4.56, Z=-6.31, χ2=24.96, t=3.06, t=3.03, Z=-7.57 and t=4.12, respectively, all P<0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that SII was positively correlated with CTP score ( r=0.272 7, P=0.001), MELD score ( r=0.365 8, P<0.001) and MELD-Na score ( r=0.381 1, P<0.001). The AUC of SII was the largest of 0.80, and 0.76 for MELD score, 0.74 for MELD-Na score and 0.73 for CTP score. The optimal cut-off value of SII was 447.49. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the 90 days survival rate of patients with SII≥447.49(38.60%(22/57)) was lower than that of SII<447.49 group (79.52%(66/83)), and the difference between the two groups was significant ( χ2=23.80, P<0.001). Conclusions:SII can be used to assess the severity and prognosis of HBV-ACLF patients. SII ≥447.49 indicates poor prognosis.

Ethanol Extract of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch: Antidiarrheal Activity in Mice and Contraction Effect in Isolated Rabbit Jejunum / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the antidiarrheal effect of ethanol extract of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch root (GFR) in vivo and jejunal contraction in vitro.@*METHODS@#In vivo, 50 mice were divided into negative control, positive control (verapamil), low-, medium- and high-dose GFR (250, 500, 1,000 mg/kg) groups by a random number table, 10 mice in each group. The antidiarrheal activity was evaluated in castor oil-induced diarrhea mice model by evacuation index (EI). In vitro, the effects of GFR (0.01, 0.03, 0.1, 0.3, 1, 3, and 10 g/L) on the spontaneous contraction of isolated smooth muscle of rabbit jejunum and contraction of pretreated by Acetylcholine (ACh, 10 µmol/L) and KCl (60 mmol/L) were observed for 200 s. In addition, CaCl2 was accumulated to further study its mechanism after pretreating jejunal smooth muscle with GFR (1 and 3 g/L) or verapamil (0.03 and 0.1 µmol/L) in a Ca2+-free-high-K+ solution containing ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA).@*RESULTS@#GFR (500 and 1,000 mg/kg) significantly reduced EI in castor oil-induced diarrhea model mice (P<0.01). Meanwhile, GFR (0.01, 0.03, 0.1, 0.3, 1, 3, and 10 g/L) inhibited the spontaneous contraction of rabbit jejunum (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Contraction of jejunums samples pretreated by ACh and KCl with 50% effective concentration (EC50) values was 1.05 (0.71-1.24), 0.34 (0.29-0.41) and 0.15 (0.11-0.20) g/L, respectively. In addition, GFR moved the concentration-effect curve of CaCl2 down to the right, showing a similar effect to verapamil.@*CONCLUSIONS@#GFR can effectively against diarrhea and inhibit intestinal contraction, and these antidiarrheal effects may be based on blocking L-type Ca2+ channels and muscarinic receptors.

Risk factors for early postoperative complications after hepaticojejunostomy for iatrogenic bile duct injury / 中华普通外科杂志

Objective:To investigate the incidence and related risk factors related to early postoperative complications after hepaticojejunostomy surgery for iatrogenic bile duct injury.Methods:A retrospective analysis was made on the data of 110 cases undergoing a hepaticojejunostomy at the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University and Anhui Provincial Hospital from January 2001 to December 2018. The univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to explore the impact risk factors on the short-term complications.Results:Patients′ median age was 44 years old. The short-term postoperative complication rate was 35.5% and the serious complication rate was 17.3%. Univariate analysis showed that male, a failed repair was attempted before referral, intraoperative bleeding>400 ml, and duration of surgery were significantly related to the occurrence of early postoperative complications (all P<0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that male, pre-referral failed surgical repair, preoperative bile leakage, initially combined with hepatectomy, and intraoperative bleeding>400 ml were independent risk factors for postoperative short term complications (all P<0.05). Univariate and multivariate analysis of early postoperative severe complications(Clavien-Dindo≥Ⅲ) revealed that pre-referral surgical repair, combined liver resection, and intraoperative bleeding>400 ml can significantly affect the occurrence of early postoperative severe complications (all P<0.05) . There was no significant correlation between the timing of biliary repair and the occurrence of complications ( P>0.05). Conclusions:Upon the occurrence of iatrogenic bile duct injury, the surgeon is advised to refrain from doing a repair instead sending the patient to a referral hospital. If bile leakage persists before surgery, sufficient bile drainage should be given priority to control infection.

Risk factors analysis for pancreatic fistula after pancreatoduodenectomy / 中华胰腺病杂志

Objective:To analyze the risk factors for postoperative pancreatic fistula after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD).Methods:The clinical data of 185 patients undergoing PD who were admitted to the Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery Center of First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University from January 2014 to December 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. Risk factors for pancreatic fistula after PD were investigated using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses.Results:Among 185 patients, pancreatic fistula occurred in 37 patients after PD, and the incidence was 20.0%. Of 34 patients (18.4%) developed grade B pancreatic fistula, and 3 patients (1.6%) developed grade C pancreatic fistula. There were two deaths directly related to postoperative pancreatic fistula (5.4%). Patients with grade B and C postoperative pancreatic fistula had significantly increased hospitalization time and medical expenses. Univariate analysis identified that pancreatic duct diameter ≤3 mm, soft pancreas and serum albumin ≤30 g/L(χ 2=7.236, 6.948, 8.063, all P<0.05) were risk factors for pancreatic fistula after PD. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified that pancreatic duct diameter≤3mm, soft pancreatic texture and serum albumin ≤30 g/L ( OR=0.401, 0.629, 0.326, 95% CI 0.167-0.968, 0.411-0.963, 0.150-0.711, all P<0.05) were independent risk factors for pancreatic fistula after PD. Postoperative pancreatic fistula patients had a median survival time of 827.0 days, 1-year survival rate was 94.7%, and a 3-year survival rate was 35.8%. There was no significant correlation between postoperative pancreatic fistula and postoperative survival(χ 2=1.367, P=0.242). Conclusions:Patients with a smaller pancreatic duct diameter (≤3 mm), soft pancreatic texture, and low postoperative albumin(≤30 g/L) may have a high incidence of pancreatic fistula after PD. Postoperative pancreatic fistula did not significantly affect the patients′ long-term survival.

Understanding the China Blue Paper on Obesity Prevention and Control and policy implications and recommendations for obesity prevention and control in China / 中华预防医学杂志

With the rapid economic development and dramatic changes in lifestyle, the prevalence of overweight and obesity in China has been increasing significantly and become a serious public health threat. This article introduced the main contents of "China Blue Paper on Obesity Prevention and Control", aiming to facilitate understanding and applications of the "China Blue Paper on Obesity Prevention and Control" by policymakers, researchers and practitioners in related fields. Built upon these, recommendations were made for obesity screening, diagnosis, treatment and management, prevention and control policies and strategies, and future research priorities in China.

Study of tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily 1B gene polymorphism in relation to the outcomes of HCV infection / 中华肝脏病杂志

Objective@#To investigate the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily 1B gene (TNFRSF1B) polymorphism in relation to the outcomes of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection.@*Methods@#One thousand six hundred and forty-five cases without HCV infection, 545 cases with HCV clearance, and 783 cases with chronic HCV infection were enrolled. TaqMan probe method was used to investigate genotype rs1061622 (T > G) and rs1061624 (G > A). Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) sites were genotyped and haplotypes were constructed to evaluate their relation with the outcome of HCV infection.@*Results@#Logistic regression analysis showed that there was no relation to the two SNPs with HCV infection susceptibility and chronicity (P > 0.05). Haplotype analysis showed that carrier TA had an increased susceptibility to HCV infection [adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.15, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01 to 1.30, P = 0.038)]. Carrier TA and GG haplotypes were conducive to chronic HCV infection (adjusted OR = 1.28, 95% CI: 1.08 to 1.53, P = 0.006; OR = 1.31, 95% CI: 1.03 to 1.66, P = 0.026).@*Conclusion@#The combinational effects of rs1061622 and rs1061624 in TNFRSF1B gene may increase the risk of HCV chronicity and infection.

Association between TNFRSF11A and TNFRSF11B gene polymorphisms and the outcome of hepatitis C virus infection / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective@#To explore the relationship between the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily members 11A (TNFRSF11A) and 11B (TNFRSF11B) gene polymorphisms and the outcome of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection.@*Methods@#In this case-control study, 749 cases of persistent HCV infection, 494 cases of spontaneous clearance and 1 486 control subjects were included from 2008 to 2016. TaqMan-MGB probe method was used to detect the genotype of TNFRSF11A rs1805034 and TNFRSF11B rs2073617. The genotypes distribution of the two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) were analyzed in different populations.@*Results@#Co-dominant model showed that individuals carrying the rs2073617 CC genotype were prone to have chronic HCV infection, compared with individuals carrying the rs2073617 TT genotype (OR=1.517, 95%CI: 1.055-2.181, P=0.024). Recessive model results showed that individuals carrying rs2073617 CC genotype were more likely to develop chronic HCV infection compared with individuals carrying rs2073617 TT or TC genotype (OR=1.435, 95%CI: 1.033-1.996, P=0.032). Additive model showed that the risk for chronic HCV infection increased with the increase of the number of rs2073617 C alleles (OR=1.204, 95%CI: 1.013-1.431, P=0.035).@*Conclusion@#The genetic polymorphism of TNFRSF11B rs2073617 might be related with the chronicity of HCV infection.

Beneficial effects of nanosuspensions of honokiol in mice on high fat diet through suppression of hepatic gluconeogenesis / 药学学报

To investigate the potential hypoglycemic effect of nanosuspensions of honokiol and explore the underlying mechanisms, a high fat diet (HFD) was studied in C57BL/6J mice divided into five groups: normal diet (ND), HFD, HFD/honokiol-sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-Na) (Hono-CMC, 100 mg·kg-1), HFD/honokiol- Nano (Hono-Nano, 80 mg·kg-1), HFD/metformin (HFD/Met, 200 mg·kg-1). Fasting blood glucose (FBG) and body weights (BW) of mice were measured every seven days. After 30-day treatment, an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed, and blood and tissue samples were collected for analysis. All animal experiments were approved by the Research Animal Care Committee of Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine. The data showed Hono-Nano and metformin reduced FBG, BW, and markedly improved OGTT of mice compared to HFD group (P<0.05). Hono-CMC produced nonsignificant impact on FBG, BW of mice, while OGTT of mice was improved by Hono-CMC (P<0.05). Meanwhile, none of these treated groups showed significant effects on regulating serum insulin levels, but all of them exhibited decreased serum glucagon levels notably compared to the HFD group (P<0.05). Western blot analysis revealed that honokiol up-regulated levels of p-AMPK and p-FOXO1 in liver tissue of HFD mice (P<0.05), which resulted in activation of AMPK and inhibition of FOXO1. Moreover, the expression of PEPCK (a key enzyme of gluconeogenesis) was decreased by honokiol (P<0.05). Taken together, our findings demonstrate that nanosuspension of honokiol is more effective than CMC-Na-suspension of honokiol on blood glucose controlling in HFD mice. The hypoglycemic effects of honokiol might rely on suppressing hepatic gluconeogenesis via activating AMPK and inhibiting FOXO1.

Identification and Characterization of Alternaria iridiaustralis Causing Leaf Spot on Iris ensata in China

In 2016, a severe leaf spot disease was found on Iris ensata Thumb. in Nanjing, China. The symptom was elliptical, fusiform, or irregularly necrotic lesion surrounded by a yellow halo, from which a small-spored Alternaria species was isolated. The fungus was identified as Alternaria iridiaustralis based on morphological characteristics. The pathogenicity tests revealed that the fungus was the causal pathogen of the disease. Phylogenic analyses using sequences of ITS, gpd, endoPG, and RPB2 genes confirmed the morphological identification. This study is the first report of A. iridiaustralis causing leaf spots on I. ensata in China.

Neuroelectrophysiological characteristics of peripheral neuropathy in primary Sj?gren's syndrome:study protocol for a prospective case series and preliminary results / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Sj?gren's syndrome (SS) is a chronic progressive autoimmune disease. The incidence of peripheral nervous system damage in patients with primary Sj?gren's syndrome (pSS) is 10%-30%. Previous studies have shown that there are multiple electrophysiological manifestations in patients with pSS presenting with peripheral neuropathy. However, there is no consensus on its neuroelectrophysiological manifestations. Peripheral neuropathy associated with pSS is easily confused with peripheral neuropathy caused by other etiologies. OBJECTIVE: To observe the neuroelectrophysiological manifestations of peripheral neuropathy associated with pSS to assist in the diagnosis of the disease. METHODS: A total of 100 pSS patients with peripheral neuropathy who receive treatment in the Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, in China will be included in this study. Fifty-two patients included in the preliminary experiment presented with peripheral neuropathy associated with pSS. The primary outcome measure is the rate of abnormal motor nerve conduction velocity. The secondary outcome measures include the rate of abnormal terminal motor latency, the rate of abnormal compound muscle action potential amplitude, the rate of sensory nerve conduction velocity, the rate of abnormal sensory nerve action potential amplitude, the rate of abnormal F wave, and the rate of abnormal sympathetic skin response. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Results of 52 patients included in the preliminary study showed that the rate of each electrophysiological index was similar between upper and lower extremities; the rate of abnormal motor nerve conduction velocity was significantly higher than the rate of abnormal compound muscle action potential amplitude; the rate of sensory nerve conduction velocity was significantly higher than the rate of abnormal sensory nerve action potential amplitude; the rate of abnormal motor nerve conduction velocity was similar to the rate of abnormal sensory nerve conduction velocity; the rate of abnormal compound muscle action potential amplitude was similar to the rate of abnormal sensory nerve action potential amplitude; the rate of abnormal wave was significantly lower than the rate of abnormal motor nerve conduction velocity; the rate of abnormal sympathetic skin response was similar to the rate of abnormal motor nerve conduction velocity. Results from this study will reveal neuroelectrophysiological abnormality in peripheral neuropathy associated with pSS, which will help diagnose the disease.

Effect of electroacupuncture at different time on circadian rhythm and SCN epigenetic modification in mice with hepatocellular carcinoma / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) on the circadian rhythm and suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) epigenetic modification in mice with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and to explore the epigenetics mechanism of EA on circadian rhythm in patients with HCC.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>According to six zeitbeger time (ZT) of ZT0 (7:00), ZT4 (11:00), ZT8 (15:00), ZT12 (19:00), ZT16 (23:00) and ZT20 (3:00), a total of 108 eligible male C57BL/6J mice were divided into a blank group, a model group and an EA group at each ZT, 6 mice each group. Injection of H22 cancer cell suspension was used to establish the HCC model. After 11 days, EA (2 Hz/15 Hz, 0.2 mA) for 10 days was applied at "Ganshu" (BL 18) and "Zhiyang" (GV 9) in the EA group at each ZT, once a day, 15 min a time; the rats in the blank group and model group were treated with immobilization at the same time and under the same conditions. ClockLab (ACT-500) software was used to record the activity rhythm of mice. After 10 days intervention, MATLAB (R2007b) was used to export the circadian rhythm of mice, and the amplitude and peak phase of the mice were analyzed. The high-throughput epigenetics PCRarray array was applied to detect epigenetics-related gene expression in SCN.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) After modeling, compared with the blank group, the amplitude of activity was decreased and peak phase was delayed in the model group and EA group at each ZT (all <0.05), but the difference of rhythm parameters between the model group and EA group was not significant (all > 0.05). (2) After intervention, compared with the model group, the amplitude of activity in the EA group at ZT 8 was increased and peak phase was advanced (both <0.05); the difference of the activity amplitude and peak phase between the EA group and model group at ZT0, ZT4, ZT12, ZT16 and ZT20 was not significant (all >0.05); compared with the ZT0, ZT4, ZT12, ZT16 and ZT20, the amplitude of activity in the EA group at ZT 8 was increased and peak phase was advanced (all <0.05). (3) The results of epigenetic PCRarray array showed that after intervention at ZT 8, compared with the blank group, the expression of 48 epigenetic-related genes in SCN of HCC mice was up-regulated; compared with the model group, the relative expression of 49 epigenetic-related genes in the SCN was down-regulated in the EA group; there were 23 epigenetic-related genes differentially expressed among the three groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>EA has benign regulation on circadian rhythm of HCC mice, and achieves the best efficacy at ZT 8. EA at ZT 8 could down-regulate the overexpression of epigenetic-related genes.</p>

Clinical observation of 120 cases of Kangfuxin liquid combined with Traditional Chinese Medicine enema in the treatment of radiation enteritis / 中国生化药物杂志

Objective To study and analyze of clinical effect of Kangfuxin liquid combined with traditional Chinese medicine enema in the treatment of radiation enteritis. Methods 120 cases of radiation enteritis caused by radiotherapy in the affiliated hospital of Southwest medical University from February 2015 to August 2016 were selected as the research objects. They were randomly divided into the control group and the experimental group, 60 cases for each group. The control group was given 100mL saline and 10mg dexamethasone enema treatment. The patients in the experimental group were given Kangfuxin liquid combined with Traditional Chinese Medicine enema treatment, two groups of patients were treated for 4 weeks. The therapeutic effects of the two groups were compared and analyzed. Results In the experimental group, 6 patients were cured, 34 cases were improved, 20 cases were cured. In the control group, 21 patients were cured, 23 cases were improved, 16 cases were cured. The effective rate of treatment in the experimental group was 90.0%, which was significantly higher than that in the control group, and the effective rate was 65.0%, with statistical difference (P<0.05). There were no obvious adverse reactions in the experimental group and the control group. The average hospital stay in the control group was (30.98±2.10) d, significantly longer than the experimental group, the average length of stay (23.89±2.31) d, with statistical difference (P<0.05). Conclusion Kangfuxin liquid combined with Traditional Chinese Medicine enema in the treatment of the has good clinical effect in treating radiation enteritis, and high effective rate of treatment of radiation enteritis with high safety.

Clinical observation of 120 cases of Kangfuxin liquid combined with Traditional Chinese Medicine enema in the treatment of radiation enteritis / 中国生化药物杂志

Objective To study and analyze of clinical effect of Kangfuxin liquid combined with traditional Chinese medicine enema in the treatment of radiation enteritis. Methods 120 cases of radiation enteritis caused by radiotherapy in the affiliated hospital of Southwest medical University from February 2015 to August 2016 were selected as the research objects. They were randomly divided into the control group and the experimental group, 60 cases for each group. The control group was given 100mL saline and 10mg dexamethasone enema treatment. The patients in the experimental group were given Kangfuxin liquid combined with Traditional Chinese Medicine enema treatment, two groups of patients were treated for 4 weeks. The therapeutic effects of the two groups were compared and analyzed. Results In the experimental group, 6 patients were cured, 34 cases were improved, 20 cases were cured. In the control group, 21 patients were cured, 23 cases were improved, 16 cases were cured. The effective rate of treatment in the experimental group was 90.0%, which was significantly higher than that in the control group, and the effective rate was 65.0%, with statistical difference (P<0.05). There were no obvious adverse reactions in the experimental group and the control group. The average hospital stay in the control group was (30.98±2.10) d, significantly longer than the experimental group, the average length of stay (23.89±2.31) d, with statistical difference (P<0.05). Conclusion Kangfuxin liquid combined with Traditional Chinese Medicine enema in the treatment of the has good clinical effect in treating radiation enteritis, and high effective rate of treatment of radiation enteritis with high safety.

Autophagy is involved in pulmonary artery endothelial cell apoptosis induced by cigarette smoke extract / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM: To investigate the role of autophagy in the apoptosis of human pulmonary artery endothelial cells (HPAECs) induced by cigarette smoke extract (CSE).METHODS: HPAECs were cultured routinely.HPAECs were treated with CSE at different concentrations, and the cell viability was detected by MTT assay.HPAECs were divided into control group, CSE group, 3-methyladenine (3-MA) group and 3-MA+CSE group.The autophagy was observed under fluorescence microscope with monodansylcadaverine (MDC) staining.Annexin V/propidium iodide staining and Hoechst 33342 staining were employed to detect apoptosis.In addition, the protein levels of LC3, beclin-1 and cleaved caspase-3 were determined by Western blot.RESULTS: MDC staining showed the increased production of autophagic vacuoles was observed in CSE group.The results of Western blot showed that the expression levels of autophagy-related proteins LC3 and beclin-1 were increased, while 3-MA pretreatment inhibited the expression of these proteins and the production of autophagic vacuoles.Observation with Annexin V/propidium iodide staining and Hoechst 33342 staining showed that the apoptotic rate in CSE group was significantly higher than that in control group, and pretreatment with 3-MA induced further increase in the cell apoptosis.The protein level of cleaved caspase-3 in CSE group was significantly higher than that in control group (P<0.05), and 3-MA+CSE treatment induced the further increase in the protein level of cleaved caspase-3.CONCLUSION: CSE induces autophagy and apoptosis in the HPAECs.Inhibition of autophagy promotes the apoptosis induced by CSE in HPAECs, which can be achieved through activation of caspase-3.

A Meta-analysis on percutaneous vertebroplasty with high-viscosity and low-viscosity bone cement for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) has been proved to be effective for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCF); however, bone cement leakage-related complications occur frequently. OBJECTIVE: To systematically evaluate the safety and complications of PVP with high-viscosity and low-viscosity bone cement in the treatment of OVCF. METHODS: We performed a systematic search by computer in PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library (December, 2016) and CNKI, CBM, VIP and WanFang databases from January, 2000 to December, 2016; meanwhile, the relevant Chinese and English orthopedic journals were retrieved manually. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) concerning the use of high-viscosity and low-viscosity bone cement in the PVP for OVCF were collected and systematically reviewed using the method recommended by the Cochrane Collaboration. The Meta-analysis was performed by using the RevMan5.2. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Six relevant RCTs were included, involving 554 patients (high-viscosity bone cement was used in 278 cases and low-viscosity bone cement in 276 cases). Meta-analysis results showed that postoperative pain symptoms were alleviated in all the 554 cases, and there was no significant difference in the amount of adjacent vertebral fractures between two approaches (P > 0.05). However, there was a significant difference in the visual analog scale score, Oswestry disability index value, Cobb angle, and bone cement leakage rate between high-viscosity and low-viscosity cement groups (P < 0.05). To conclude, PVP with either high-viscosity or low-viscosity bone cement can relieve pain rapidly in OVCF patients, and both approaches are safe and effective. However, high-viscosity bone cement has a lower cement leakage rate and better outcomes in visual analog scale score, Oswestry disability index, Cobb angle and cement leakage prevention as compared with low-viscosity bone cement.

Inhibitory effect of compound NS5806 on cardiac transient outward potassium channel dependents on interaction between auxiliary subunits / 中国药理学与毒理学杂志

OBJECTIVE Transient outward potassium current (Ito) plays a crucial role in cardiac phase 1 repolarization and the channels are assembled by pore-forming α-subunits (Kv4.2 or Kv4.3) and auxiliary subunits (KChIP2 and DPP6). Previous studies have found that the compound NS5806 increases Ito in canine ventricular cardiomyocytes through slowing current decay. Here, we reported that NS5806 produced an acute inhibitory action on Ito in mouse ventricular cardiomyocytes and human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPS-CM). METHODS Whole-cell patch-clamp was used to record Ito in native myocytes and in HEK cells expressing cloned Kv4.x/KChIP2/DPP6 channels; Western-blot detected the channel protein expression. RESULTS In isolated mouse ventricular cardiomyocytes, NS5806 (0.1-30 μmol·L-1) inhibited Ito in a concentration-dependent manner with IC50 of 6.6±1.9 μmol·L-1. The current decay was significantly accelerated with a time constant from 53.8±5.5 to 41.8±3.0 ms at +60 mV (P<0.01). Similarly, NS5806 concentration-dependently reduced the Ito peak current amplitude with an acceleration of current decay. In addition, NS5806 increased IKv4.2/KChIP2 and delayed current decay, but decreased IKv4.2/KChIP2/DPP6 with the acceleration of current decay. The inhibitory action on the current was more potent if DPP6 expression level was increased from Kv4.2/KChIP2/DPP61:1:1 to 1:1:3. Western-blot showed a higher expression of DPP6 protein in mouse heart and in hiPS- CM compared to canine heart. Moreover, specific knock- down DPP6 expression by siRNA antagonized the inhibitory action of NS5806 in hiPS-CM. Our results pointed to an important role of DPP6 subunit in the regulation of NS5806 on the channel. By using molecular docking simulation, five interaction sites with high possibility between KChIP2 and DPP6 were identified. Mutations of those sites changed the inhibitory action of NS58056 into excitatory effect on the current with the delay of current decay. CONCLUSION NS5806 significantly inhibits Ito by accelerating current decay in mouse cardiomyocytes and hiPS-CM. The effect depends on the interaction between DPP6 and KChIP2 subunits.

Comparative Study of the Regulating Effects of Electroacupuncture Versus Catgut Embedding on Mouse Morphine Withdrawal and Tolerance / 上海针灸杂志

Objective To observe expression levels of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor and cholecystokinin (CCK) in the hippocampus and spinal cord in morphine withdrawal or tolerance mice treated by electroacupuncture or catgut embedding and explore the difference between the regulating effects of electroacupuncture and catgut embedding on morphine withdrawal and tolerance.Methods Fifty-six male C57BL/6J mice were randomly allocated to withdrawal control, withdrawal model, withdrawal catgut embedding and withdrawal electroacupuncture groups, and tolerance control, tolerance model, tolerance catgut embedding and tolerance electroacupuncture groups, 7 mice in each group. A model of morphine withdrawal was made by subcutaneous injection of morphine hydrochloride using 7-day increasing addiction method. The withdrawal control group was injected with an equal volume of normal saline at the same time points. In the withdrawal electroacupuncture group, electroacupuncture at bilateral points Shenshu was performed using a Han’s acupoint nerve stimulation device (HANS-200) at 15 min after an injection of morphine hydrochloride. In the withdrawal catgut embedding group, 0.5 cm chromic catgut was embedded in bilateral points Shenshu at 15 min after an injection of morphine hydrochloride. Addiction was promoted by intraperitoneal injection of naloxone 4 mg/kg at 10 o’clock on the seventh day’s morning and Withdrawal reactions were observed in the mice. The score was recorded using the Ryuta Tomoji opioid withdrawal symptoms evaluation scale. NMDA receptor and CCK contents in the hippocampus and spinal cord were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A model of morphine tolerance was made by subcutaneous injection of morphine 10 mg/kg. The tolerance control group was injected with tolerance normal saline 10 ml/kg at the same time. In the tolerance catgut embedding group, catgut was embedded in point Shenshu at the first day after model making. In the tolerance electroacupuncture group, point Shenshu was given electroacupuncture at the first day after model making. After seven days of treatment, NMDA receptor and CCK contents in the hippocampus and spinal cord were measured by ELISA.Results There were statistically significant differences in hippocampal NR2B and CCK expressions between the withdrawal model and withdrawal control groups (P<0.05). There was a statistically significant difference in hippocampal NR2B expression between the withdrawal electroacupuncture and withdrawal model groups (P<0.05). There was a statistically significant difference in hippocampal CCK expression between the withdrawal catgut embedding or withdrawal electroacupuncture group and the withdrawal model group (P<0.05). There were statistically significant differences in spinal cord NR2A, NR2B and CCK expressions between the withdrawal model and withdrawal control groups (P<0.05). There were statistically significant differences in spinal cord NR2A and NR2B expressions between the withdrawal electroacupuncture and withdrawal model groups (P<0.05). There were statistically significant differences in hippocampal NR2A, NR2B and CCK expressions between the tolerance model and tolerance control groups (P<0.05). There was a statistically significant difference in hippocampal CCK expression between the tolerance catgut embedding and tolerance model groups (P<0.05). There was a statistically significant difference in hippocampal NR1 expression between the tolerance electroacupuncture group and the tolerance model or tolerance catgut embedding group (P<0.05). There was a statistically significant difference in spinal cord CCK expression between the tolerance catgut embedding or withdrawal electroacupuncture group and the tolerance model group (P<0.05).Conclusions Both catgut embedding and electroacupuncture at point Shenshu have a reducing effect on morphine tolerance and withdrawal. The therapeutic effect of electroacupuncture is better than that of catgut embedding.

Reliability of a novel Cobb protractor for measuring the Cobb angle of radiograph in scoliosis / 中国医学科学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To introduce a novel Cobb protractor and assess its reliability and rapidity for measuring Cobb angle in scoliosis patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The novel Cobb protractor had two endplate markers. A measurement was performed just to align the two markers to each endplate of the curve. The Cobb angle on the posteroanterior radiographs of 24 patients clinically diagnosed with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis was measured by three orthopedic surgeons with both standard Cobb method and the new technique, and the time of measurement was recorded. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were calculated to assess the reliability of the new method.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The time for a measurement with the new tool was approximately 10 seconds less than the time that used to finish a measurement with the standard method (P<0.05). The overall mean Cobb angle for the major curve of the 24 patients was 47.8°. The mean overall intraobserver and interobserver ICC was 0.971 and 0.971 for the Cobb method group, while the overall intraobserver ICC and the interobserver was 0.985 and 0.979 for the new tool group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The novel Cobb protractor could perform quick measurement and measure almost all forms of radiographs. The Cobb protractor might be an ideal instrument to measure the Cobb angle.</p>

Epidemics of overweight and obesity among growing childhood in China between 1997 and 2009: Impact of Family Income, Dietary Intake, and Physical Activity Dynamics / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Obesity has become a major health problem among children and adolescents worldwide. This study aimed to examine the trends of overweight and obesity among childhood in China and assess their associations with family income, dietary intake, and physical activity (PA) between 1997 and 2009.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Two waves of cross-sectional data of Chinese children and adolescents aged 7-17 years from the China Health and Nutrition Survey were used. Weight and height were measured following standardized procedures. Dietary intake was assessed by 3 consecutive 24-h recalls. Childhood overweight and obesity were defined using the International Obesity Task Force-recommended body mass index cut-offs. Multivariate linear regression analysis was used to examine the associations of family income with diet intakes and PA. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess the associations of overweight and obesity with family income, dietary intake, and PA.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity increased from 12.6% in 1997 to 22.1% in 2009, particularly in the medium- and high-family income groups, which increased by 102.7% and 90.3%, respectively. Higher fat intake (% energy), and moderate and vigorous PA were significantly associated with overweight and obesity in final model (odds ratio [OR] = 1.01, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.00-1.02, P = 0.004; and OR = 0.99, 95% CI: 0.98-1.00, P = 0.036, respectively).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The prevalence of overweight and obesity among Chinese children and adolescents has increased between 1997 and 2009. Reducing fat intake and increasing PA may help obesity prevention.</p>

HTRA1 gene expression in gastric epithelial cells

OBJECTIVES@#To explore HtrA1 gene expression and its regulation in human gastric cancers.@*METHODS@#The HtrA1 mRNA levels were examined by QPCR analysis and confirmed its expression with Northern blot analysis. The HtrA1 protein levels in all six gastric epithelial cell lines were investigated by Western blot analysis. Gene copy number was accessed and then sequenced the coding region from each mRNA in all six cell lines. The HtrA1 promoter region DNA methylation status was detected by using bisulfite sequencing analysis. Effect of decitabine and TSA on HTRA1 expression in gastric cancer cell line was determined by RTPCR.@*RESULTS@#HIC analysis indicated that HtrA1 was highly expressed in normal epithelium, but dramatically down-regulated in gastric carcinoma tissues and variably expressed in tumor-adjacent tissues. HtrA1 gene expression was dramatically decreased in gastric carcinoma cells compared to non-tumorigenic counterparts. The HtrA1 gene loss in any of the 4 breast cancer cell lines was not detected. Total 14 CpGs in this region were all methylated in gastric cancer cells, whereas two normal cells, GES-1 and HFI-145, were having several unmethylated cytosines in this region. HtrA1 showed as ~Mr 44,000, Expression of HtrA1 protein was not observed in any of the four gastric cancer cell lines, BGC-823, MKN-45, SGC-7901and MKN-28. HtrA1 expression was observed in the HFI-145and GES-1 cell lines.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The epigenetic silencing for HtrA1 gene expression could provide a possible strategy for re-activating HtrA1 gene expression in gastric cancer cells, thus facilitating further investigation of HtrA1's role in chemotherapy.