RESUMO
Diabetic retinopathy(DR)is a neurovascular disease caused by the neurovascular unit(NVU)impairment. Immune imbalance and inflammation are key factors that affect the normal function of NVU and lead to the progression of DR. Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3(NLRP3)inflammasome is indicated as an important component of the inflammatory response, and it can identify endogenous danger signals, leading to the activation of caspase-1 and then activating a series of inflammatory cytokines and pyroptosis. Early activation of inflammasome maintains and promotes innate immunity against bacterial and viral infections, while excessive inflammasome activation results in excessive expression and ongoing action of inflammatory proteins, which in turn triggers off immune disorders and an inflammatory cascade that seriously harms the body. This review summarizes the recent research progress on the mechanism of NLRP3 inflammasome in NVU impairment of DR, including the related drugs targeting NLRP3 pathways.
RESUMO
Diabetic retinopathy(DR)is one of the common and severe ocular complications of diabetes mellitus, representing a leading cause of blindness among working-age people. Currently, the pathogenesis of DR is not been explained, and the treatment effect is quite limited in advanced stage. In recent years, it has been revealed in some studies that DR could produce a particularly remarkable performance in genomics, transcriptomics, epigenomics, proteomics and metabolomics. With the rapid development of high-throughput sequencing and detection technology, different omics techniques can explore the occurrence and development mechanism of DR from different omics levels. This paper introduces the research progress of DR in different omics techniques,as well as the new direction of integration analysis in multiomics with DR, and finally discusses the current existing problems and future prospects of omics technology. Therefore, the application of different omics techniques to explore the occurrence and development of DR on different levels contributes a novel idea to unraveling the pathophysiological mechanism of DR and identifying new biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
RESUMO
AIM: To explore the clinical value of 25 - gauge vitrectomy in the treatment of traumatized eyes with non-light perception.?METHODS:Forty-six patients (46 eyes) who diagnosed as traumatized eyes with non-light perception treated with 25-gauge vitrectomy, which collected in our hospital from July 1, 2013 to June 1, 2017. Their sex, age, residence area, traumatic nature, causes of injury, duration from the injury to intervention, location and size of the wound, visual acuity and prognosis was retrospectively studied and analyzed statistically in this study.?RESULTS: In the 46 patients, 38 were males, 8 were females (M :F= 4. 75:1). The age of the patients was between 7 and 77 years ( mean 37. 96 ± 18. 99 years). Among them, there were 26 case ( 57％) in the young group (<45 years ) , 14 case ( 30％) in the middle age group ( 45-60 years ) , 6 cases ( 13％) in the older age group (>60 years ) . The cause of injury included blunt trauma ( 18 cases, 39％) , sharp instrument injury ( 8 cases, 17％) , plant injury ( 6 cases, 13％) , explosion injury (6 cases, 13％), impact injury (4 cases, 9％), limb impact injury ( 2 cases, 4％) , traffic accident injury ( 2 cases, 4％) . There were 33 cases ( 72％) with ocular rupture, 12 cases (26％) with perforating injury of eyeball and 1 case ( 2％) with ocular contusion. There were 44 cases (96％) with vitreous hemorrhage, 30 cases (65％) with retinal detachment, 18 cases ( 39％) with intraocular foreign body (IOFB), 22 cases (48％) with cilio-choroidal detachment, 18 cases (39％) with endophthalmitis and 12 cases (26％) with retinal hemorrhage. The postoperative best-corrected visual acuity improved to light perception or better than light perception in 30 cases ( 65％) , and 16 cases (35％) still had no light perception.? CONCLUSION: The patients who had no light perception after ocular trauma were almost young and middle- aged people in rural areas. The factors that affected the visual acuity of the postoperative included the type of injury, the location and size of the wound, the retinal detachment, the cilio-choroidal detachment, the duration from the injury to intervention, the endophthalmitis and whether the merger of intraocular foreign body or not. The 25-gauge vitrectomy could make most of the visual acuity from no light perception to light perception or over the light perception, which had a high clinical value in curing traumatized eyes with no light perception.