Expression of Heat Shock Protein 27 according to Gleason Score and Pathologic Stage of Prostate Cancer

PURPOSE: Heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) is induced by heat shock and other pathophysiologic stresses. We examined the relationship between HSP27 expression and Gleason score and pathologic stage of prostate cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-three men were treated by radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer diagnosed from May 2004 to April 2007. Prostate tissues (n=53) were obtained from radical prostatectomy specimens of prostate cancer. The overall percentage of cancer cells showing staining (0% to 100%) was indicated by visual scoring. Specimens were graded from +1 to +3 intensity representing the range of staining area, for which below 5% is +1 grade, 5-50% is +2 grade, over 50% is +3 grade and focal reaction is +0.5 grade. RESULTS: An HSP27-positive reaction was seen in 2 of 11 cases (18.2%) with a Gleason score of 4-6, 11 of 19 cases (57.9%) with a Gleason score 7, 6 of 10 cases (60.0%) with a Gleason score 8, 12 of 13 cases (92.3%) with a Gleason score of 9 (p=0.001); the mean HSP27 reaction scores were 0.27, 0.86, 0.83, and 1.54 respectively (p=0.006). An HSP27-positive reaction was seen in 17 of 37 cases (46.0%) with pathologic stage T2, 10 of 12 cases (83.3%) with pathologic stage T3, and 4 of 4 cases (100%) with pathologic stage T4 (p=0.0032); the mean HSP27 reaction scores were 0.64, 1.17, and 2, respectively (p=0.007). HSP27 expression was not statistically significant according to age. CONCLUSIONS: There is correlation between HSP27 expression and Gleason score, pathologic stage of prostate cancer.

In Vitro Antimicrobial Activities of NanoSilver-coated Gauze against Clinical Isolates / 대한임상미생물학회지

BACKGROUND: It is well-known that silver ions and silver compounds are broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents effective against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, and yeasts. Thus, silver ions, as an antibacterial agent, have been used in the components of materials used in medical devices or coatings. Recently, advances in nanotechnology have enabled manufacturers to develop silver particles of a nanometer size with a safer and more effective antimicrobial activity. So, we evaluate the antimicrobial activity of nanoSilver-coated gauze against clinical isolates. METHODS: Three kinds of nanoSilver-coated gauzes (100A, 800A, and 1,500A) were tested for antimicrobial activity by the disk diffusion method. The organisms tested included clinical isolates of nonfermentative gram-negative bacilli (143 isolates), aerobic gramnegative bacteria (188), aerobic gram-positive bacteria (397), anaerobic bacteria (46), and yeasts (161), and three reference ATCC strains. RESULTS: The susceptible rates to NanoSilver of nonfermentative gram-negative bacilli (NFB), aerobic gramnegative bacteria and aerobic gram-positive bacteria were 87%, 87% and 78%, respectively. Antimicrobial activity of NanoSilver against imipenem-resistant NFB, extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing Enterobacteriaceae, and methicillin-resistant Staphylcoccus aureus (MRSA) was similar to that against imipenem-sensitive NFB, ESBL non-producing Enterobacteriaceae, and methicillin-susceptible S. aureus. CONCLUSION: NanoSilver-coated gauze exhibits broad spectrum antimicrobial activities to a large number of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria including imipenem-resistant NFB, ESBL producing Enterobacteriaceae, and MRSA.

A Crystallographic Analysis of Prostatic Calculi according to the Location on Transrectal Prostatic Ultrasonography / 대한비뇨기과학회지

PURPOSE: We studied the crystallographic component of the prostatic calculi according to the location on the transrectal prostatic ultrasonography to know the mechanism of the formation of the calculus. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From August, 1995 until May, 1997, 33 prostatic calculi from 24 patients(mean age 59 years, mean size 3.1mm) operated on for prostatism were analyzed by polarization microscopy(ZeissR), X-ray diffraction(PW-1720R, Philips) and infrared spectrophotometer(FTIR-205R, Nicolet). Location of calculi was divided two groups under guide of transrectal prostatic ultrasonography; periurethral and periadenoma type. The periurethral type showed hyperechoic density around the prostatic urethra and the periadenoma type showed hyperechoic density between adenoma and false prostatic capsule(peripheral zone). RESULTS: 22 calculi were the periurethral type and 11 were periadenoma type. Thirty stones from 20 periurethral type and 10 periadenoma type consisted two or three of the following calcium phospate, calcium oxalate and tricalcium phospate. These are mixed by the endogenous origin formed from the prostatic fluid and the exogenous origin formed at least in part from urine. Three stones (2 calcium oxalate, 1 uric acid) contained only one compound which participitate from urine. All of 11 calculi of the pericapsular type had an oxalate component. CONCLUSIONS: The calculi around the periadenoma region may be formed from not only endogenous component(calcium apatite stone) but also exogenous component(calcium oxalate) or intraductal precipitation of oxalate component which has never found in the prostatic fluid. These results may suggest the necessity of reevaluation about oxalate component within the prostatic fluid.

Development of Zosteriform Models in Skin and Vagina of Mice using Herpes simplex Virus Strain MeKrae

No abstract available.

Ureteroscopy with Intravenous Propofol Anesthesia for the Treatment of Lower Ureteral Calculi / 대한비뇨기과학회지

PURPOSE: We compared the safety and efficacy of ureteroscopy with intravenous propofol anesthesia with those with spinal anesthesia for the treatment of lower ureteral calculi. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ureteroscopy with intravenous propofol anesthesia was performed in 38 patients with ureteral caluli, and spinal anesthesia was performed in 41. Ureteroscopy was performed with a 9.5Fr rigid ureteroscope. RESULTS: The overall success rate of stone removal was 99% (100% in IV propofol anesthesia cases and 98% in spinal anesthesia cases). Hospital stay times were significantly shorter for patients given propofol: 1.5 vs 3 days, respectively(p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Stone removal under intravenous propofol anesthesia does not increase the risk of complication or compromise the results of treatment and hospital stay times.

Aggressive Angiomyxoma of the Scrotum: A case report

Aggressive angiomyxoma is a rare, locally aggressive tumor and occurs exclusively in the pelvic and perineal regions of women. But this tumor can occur in men, and the ratio of man to woman is about 1:6. We report a case of aggressive angiomyxoma of the scrotum in a 75-year-old man. The resected mass measured 23 21 10 cm and weighed 1,150 g, and was covered with thick but intact scrotal skin. The cut surface of the mass showed pale yellow to grayish white loose and edematous fibrous tissue with focal cystic degeneration. Microscopically, the mass was composed of loosely arranged bland-looking spindle or stellate cells and variable sized blood vessels with thickened and hyalinized wall. The spindle cells were strong positive for vimentin, focal, weak positive for desmin and smooth muscle actin but negative for S-100 protein. The spindle cells were also positive for estrogen and progesterone receptors.

Detection of Glycoproteins (B and D) and Ttymidine Kinase Genes of Herpes simplex virus Type 2 Strain G

BamHI restriction patters and genomic library of Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) stram G were constructed, and locations of the glycoproteins gB and gD, and it genes on the fragments were detected by Southern blot analysis. HISV-2 genomic DNAs were cleaved into twenty-seven fragments by BamHI enzyme in the range of 0.72 to 15.08 (total 150.44 kb), which were cloned into the BamHI site of pBluescript SK(+) to construct genome library of the HSV-2. The library was named by the order of the fragment size from smallest one to largest one. HSV-2 glycoprotein gD gene was located in PHLA2-21 and PHLA2-22 recombinant plasmids, gB gene in PHLA2-24 plasmic, and it gene in PHLA2-11 clone by Southern blot analysis.

Detection of Glycoproteins (B and D) and Ttymidine Kinase Genes of Herpes simplex virus Type 2 Strain G

BamHI restriction patters and genomic library of Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) stram G were constructed, and locations of the glycoproteins gB and gD, and it genes on the fragments were detected by Southern blot analysis. HISV-2 genomic DNAs were cleaved into twenty-seven fragments by BamHI enzyme in the range of 0.72 to 15.08 (total 150.44 kb), which were cloned into the BamHI site of pBluescript SK(+) to construct genome library of the HSV-2. The library was named by the order of the fragment size from smallest one to largest one. HSV-2 glycoprotein gD gene was located in PHLA2-21 and PHLA2-22 recombinant plasmids, gB gene in PHLA2-24 plasmic, and it gene in PHLA2-11 clone by Southern blot analysis.

Use of the Circular Grip During Intermittent Catheterization / 대한비뇨기과학회지

A prospective study was carried out on the efficacy of a circular grip which we devised to facilitate a non-sterile intermittent catheterization. The series included 16 females, the mean follow-up time being 7 months. Most patients were suffering from neurogenic bladder disorders and bladder retention after operation. All of them used the circular grip during intermittent catheterization and continued to undergo intermittent catheterization. The technique of the use of the circular grip during intermittent catheterization was usually learnt easily and provided reassurance to the patient and family about intermittent catheterization.

Sparganosis Infesting in the Penis; A Case Report with Review of Korean Literatures / 대한비뇨기과학회지

Sparganum infestation of the human body was reported over 120 cases and of the urogenital region was reported over 30 cases in korean literatures since 1924. But, infestation of the penis was reported two cases. We experienced a case of sparganosis in the penile shaft and reporte this case with the review of literature of sparganosis of the genitourinary region.

A case of perirenal emphysema due to rupture of the duodenum / 대한비뇨기과학회지

The presence of gas in the substance of the kidney, perinephric area or collecting system may result from infection, penetrating trauma, fistulous connection with the gastrointestinal tract or skin and instrumentation or surgical manipulation. I experienced a case of perirenal emphysema which occurred in rupture of the duodenum due to blunt abdominal trauma.

Ureteroscopic removal of lower ureteral stone in non-training hospital / 대한비뇨기과학회지

I have managed fifty cases of lower ureteral stone who were admitted to the Department of Urology, Yungdong-Hospital during from May 1991 to July 1992. 1. Between May 1991 and April l992, 40 cases of lower ureteral stone were managed. Among them, 11 cases were extracted with the Dormia stone basket, 6 cases were performed ureteral meatotomy, 11 cases were delivered spontaneously, 3 cases were removed with ureterolithotomy and 9 cases transferred to other hospital. Over all success rate of stone removal were 62.5% (25 cases). 2. Between May 1992 and July 1992, 10 cases of ureteroscopic removal of lower ureteral stone were performed. All cases were removed successfully. Complications occurred in 7 cases, but managed conservatively in all cases. I agree that ureteroscopic removal of stone is also the treatment of choice for lower ureteraI stone in non-training hospital.

Initial experience of 5 cases of intraprostatic spiral(PROSTAKA(TH)) / 대한비뇨기과학회지

Intraprostatic spiral was first described by Fabin in 1980 and developed to various modifications. Under the local anesthesia. insertion of the intraprostatic spiral guided by ultrasound end fluoroscope was simple procedure. intraprostatic spirs1(PROSTAKA(TH)) was inserted in 5 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. 4 patients were high risk patients of transurethral resection of prostate, 1 patient was terminal stage of lung cancer. After insertion of intraprostatic spiral the peak flow rates were between 15 ml sec and 18 ml sec (mean 16ml,sec). The intraprostatic spiral may be alternative to an indwelling catheter in patients with a high operative risk and in those with a short-life expectance owing to the malignancy.

Significance of urine dipstick in the evaluation of hematuria in patient with renal trauma / 대한비뇨기과학회지

Hematuria has been the most reliable sign of injury to the urinary system. Thus. the rapid and accurate detection of hematuria in the emergency room is essential. In 149 patients with renal trauma in whom radiographic studies defined the severity of injury, we compared the degree of microscopic hematuria determined by dipstick and microscopic urinalysis. Falge positive dipstick occurred in 5(3.6%) patients and false negative dipstick in 4(3.3% ) patients. The dipstick method had greater than 96.4 percent sensitivity and specificity for detection of microscopic hematuria. The correlation between the 2 methods was low (Person`s coefficient 0.4114). However. 85.5 percent or the urine sample with more than 20 red blood cells per high power field corresponded to a dipstick results of 3+ (Regression Y = 0.0129x + 2.93, F = 28.12. p < 0.005). Although microscopic hematuria may be quantified more accurately by microscopic analysis, the urine dipstick is a rapid and reliable screening test with high degree of sensitivity and specificity for the microscopic hematuria in patients with renal trauma.

Urine Adenosine Deaminase Activity in Confirmed Urinary Tract Tuberculosis / 대한비뇨기과학회지

We studied the activity of adenosine deaminase in the urine of 38 patients who were divided into four groups :Urinary tract tuberculosis without ureteral obstruction(Group I ), Urinary tract tuberculosis with ureteral obstruction (Group II ), Urinary tract infection ( Group III ) and control subjects (Group IV). In patients with urinary tract tuberculosis with ureteral obstruction the adenosine deaminase activity in aspirated renal urine was significantly higher than for the rest of the groups (p<0.001). Adenosine deaminase activity in renal aspirated urine has proved to be a simple and reliable diagnostic method for urinary tract tuberculosis with ureteral obstruction.

Experience of Rigid Ureteroscopic Removal of Stone / 대한비뇨기과학회지

Rigid ureteroscopic removal of ureteral calculi is an established treatment nowadays and can be performed under direct vision using flexible grasping forceps, stone baskets, ultrasonic lithotriptor or electrohydraulic lithotriptor with increased safety and efficacy. Between May 1988 and May 1989, 38 cases of ureteroscopic removal of stone were performed in our urologic department. Twenty eight among 36 cases of lower ureteral stone and none among the 2 cases of mid ureteral stone were removed successfully with the overall success rate of 73.7 % (28 among 38 cases). There noted no difference in the success rate from the stone size. Among the reasons for failure to remove ureteral stone, the failure to insert the ureteroscope into the ureteral orifice due to mucosal injury during ureteral dilation was the most commonly encountered problem. Complications occurred in 8 cases but no surgical intervention was needed in all cases. We agree that rigid ureteroscopic removal of stone under direct vision is the first line of treatment for lower ureteral calculi with proven efficacy and safety.

Imaging of tbe Prostatic Carcinoma and Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia by Transrectal Ultrasound / 대한비뇨기과학회지

Transrectal ultrasonography is one of the most available techniques to evaluate prostatic disease and is far more accurate than conventional ultrasonography. A retrospective review of ultrasonographic characteristics of the prostate was made in an attempt to define the ability of the technique to distinguish benign from malignant prostatic disease. Analysis included evaluation of the capsule, abnormal foci (echo brightness, echo thickness) and calcification. Transrectal ultrasonography was performed in 79 cases and the results were compared with the pathologic results of prostatic tissue obtained by transperineal ultrasound guided or transurethral prostatic resection. Acoustic characterization of abnormal small foci within the gland has a moderate degree of overlap, but may suggest the differentiation of benign and malignant disease.

Metastatic Signet Ring Cell Carcinoma of the Ureter: A Case Report / 대한비뇨기과학회지

We report a case of metastatic signet ring cell carcinoma of the ureter, The patient a 50-year-old man, presented with pain in the left flank. Radiologic examination revealed partial obstruction in the mid-portion of the left ureter. Microscopically, numerous signet ring cells were infiltrated in the muscle and serosa. Although multiple bone metastases were noted, the primary site was not identified after complete clinical examination in this case, which is unique to us and may be of interest to others.

A Case of Thromboangiitis Obliterans of the Spermatic Cord / 대한비뇨기과학회지

Thromboangiitis obliterans is a specific, recurrent segmental, inflammatory, obliterative vascular disease involving principally medium sized arteries and veins of the extremies. Thromboangiitis obliterans of the spermatic cord is an exceedingly rare condition and reported less than 10 cases in the literature. We submit a case suffering from thromboangiitis obliterans of the spermatic cord.

Bilateral Synchronous Multifocal Renal Cell Carcinoma / 대한비뇨기과학회지

The treatment modalities of bilateral renal cell carcinoma are variable, but many urologists have had serious difficulties in choosing the best one. We experienced a very rare case of bilateral synchronous multifocal renal cell carcinoma in a 38-year-old female. First, We have planned for partial nephrectomy of the right kidney and radical nephrectomy of the left kidney. However, tumor extended into parenchyme of the low 1/3 portion of the right kidney on the frozen section. Therefore, we performed selective ligation of the anterior branch of the right renal artery, which was mainly supplied the tumor mass and left radical nephrectomy was also performed. During one year after operation, renal function was well maintained.