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Objective To evaluate the controlling status of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in Chongming County, a suburban region of Shanghai. Methods A total of 10,060 residents were selected from the Chengqiao Town of Chongming County by using random cluster sampling, and the subjects ranged in age 40-70 years old, with 989 of them previously diagnosed as T2DM patients. The level of control was evaluated according to Chinese Type 2 Diabetes Prevention Guidelines (2010 version). Results (1) The 989 patients with T2DM had an average age of (56. 41 + 7. 78) years, a mean disease duration of (7. 41 + 5. 72) years and an average hemoglobin Alc(HbAlc) level of (7. 60 + 1. 70)% And 433(43. 78%) patients had HbAlc<7%. (2) The patients were divided into untreated group (accounting for 58. 65%), oral hypoglycemic therapy group (33. 16%), oral hypoglycemic agents plus insulin treatment group (4. 25%), and insulin-treated group (3. 94%), the average HbAlc levels of the latter two groups were significantly higher than that of the untreated group, and the HbAu compliance rates were significantly lower than that of the untreated group (P<0. 01). (3) For the 989 patients, the mean high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triacylglycerol (TG) were (1. 17 + 0. 30), (2. 63 + 0. 80) and (1. 99 + 1. 57) mmol/L, respectively, and 124(12. 54%) patients had their HDL-C, LDL-C, and TG levels meeting the standard. We also found that 87. 46% of the patients had diabetic dyslipidemia, but only 0. 91% of them were taking lipid-lowering drugs. (4) For the 989 patients, the mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) was (138. 45 + 19. 17) mmHg (1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa) and the diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was (80. 93 ± 9. 70) mmHg, with 23. 46% of them having blood pressure <130/80 mmHg, 52. 38% also having hypertension, and 27. 70% taking antihypertensive drugs. (5) The average body mass index (BMI) of the patients was (25. 17 + 3. 22) kg/m2, with those BMK24 kg/m2 accounting for 36. 30%. (6) Totally 13 (1. 31%) patients had their glucose, blood lipids, blood pressure, and BMI meeting the standard. Conclusion The control of blood sugar, blood lipids, blood pressure, and BMI of T2DM patients in our sample are greatly behind those required by Chinese Type 2 Diabetes Prevention Guidelines (2010 version), and the starting time of insulin treatment has lagged far behind.
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<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>It has been long suggested that abnormal clinical factors in the body, such as dyslipidemia and diabetes, can affect the presence of atherosclerosis. However, few studies on the effect of factors within the normal range, such as the loss of renal function with age, on the prevalence of atherosclerosis are few know in healthy individuals. The aim of this study was to investigate risk factors affecting the presence of asymptomatic carotid plaques in a middle-aged and elderly healthy population.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>In this regard, we prospectively evaluated 245 healthy individuals (98 males and 147 females) at baseline and after 5 years. Changes in the presence of carotid plaque between 2003 and 2008 were categorized into four groups, i.e. subjects without plaque at entry (n = 165): Group 1 (without plaque on two occasions, n = 129) and Group 2 (with nascent plaque at follow-up, n = 36); subjects with plaque at entry (n = 80); Group 3 (with plaque regression at follow-up, n = 29) and Group 4 (with plaque on two occasions, n = 51).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Univariate analysis showed that the positive rate of carotid plaques in males was higher than that in females at the baseline, and that a significantly inverse correlation existed between the prevalence rate of plaque and aging. Logistic regression analysis of cross-sectional research showed that independent risk factors for the prevalence of atherosclerosis were male gender, lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and higher low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) at the baseline, and older age and lower eGFR were involved in the presence of carotid plaques at follow-up point. However, logistic regression analysis of the longitudinal data showed that older age, decreased eGFR and increased systolic blood pressure (SBP) independently predicted the presence of carotid plaques after 5 years in subjects without plaque at entry. In addition, in subjects with plaque at entry, age, changes in eGFR and the baseline levels of serum albumin (ALB) and serum total bilirubin (BIL) dependently influenced the outcome of carotid plaque.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Physiological decline of renal function, together with advancing age, was an independent risk factor which consistently affected the presence of carotid atherosclerosis in two categories of healthy individuals.</p>