Multicenter Prospective Study of Different Induction Regimens of Azacytidine in Treatment of Elderly Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the efficacy and safety of different induction regimens of same total dosage of azacitidine (Aza), including standard dose (standard dose group) and low-dose long-term (adjusted dose group), in the treatment of elderly acute myeloid leukemia (AML).@*METHODS@#A total of 103 elderly patients with AML (non-acute promyelocytic leukemia) from January 2020 to June 2021 were enrolled. Aza was administered at the standard dose of 75 mg/(m2·d) for 7 days in the standard dose group (50 cases), while at 100 mg/d for 7-12 days in the adjusted dose group (53 cases). The administration days in adjusted dose group was calculated based on the total standard dose of the patient's single course of treatment. The efficacy and safety between standard dose group and adjusted dose group were compared. Subgroup analysis were performed in the two groups for Aza alone, Aza combined with BCL-2 inhibitor, and Aza combined with low-dose chemotherapy for efficacy and safety.@*RESULTS@#There were no significant differences in overall response rate (ORR), incidence of adverse reaction, and 1-year overall survival (OS) rate between standard dose group and adjusted dose group (P >0.05). The ORR of combination was higher than that of Aza alone (P < 0.05), while there was no significant difference in ORR between Aza combined with BCL-2 inhibitor and Aza combined with low-dose chemotherapy (P >0.05). The combination of BCL-2 inhibitor did not increase the incidence of adverse reactions compared wtih Aza alone. There was a higher risk of myelosuppression and pulmonary infection with a combination of low-dose chemotherapy than with a combination of BCL-2 inhibitor and Aza alone (P <0.05). No significant difference was observed in 1-year OS between Aza alone, Aza combined with BCL-2 inhibitor, and Aza combined with low-dose chemotherapy (P >0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Both two induction regimens can be used in elderly AML patients who cannot tolerate intensive chemotherapy with similar overall effectiveness and safety. Aza combined with low-dose chemotherapy may result in increased ORR and an increased incidence of serious adverse reactions, and may not result in longer survival compared with Aza alone. Aza combined with BCL-2 inhibitor not only has similar effect in complete remission, objective response rate, and OS compared with Aza combined with low-dose chemotherapy, but also has higher safety.

Regional distribution and aggregation analysis of risk factors for cardiovascular disease among active pilots aged 40-59 years / 解放军医学杂志

Objective To analyze the regional distribution and aggregation of risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) among active China civil aviation pilots aged 40–59 years. Methods In 2011, 831 active pilots aged 40–59 years in Northern, Eastern and Southern China were investigated for risk factors of CVD. The regional distribution and aggregation of risk factors were analyzed. Results The mean hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), mean total cholesterol (TC) and age standardized prevalence rate of high TC in Northern China (5.7%±0.5%, 5.6±1.1mmol/L and 23.6%, respectively) were significantly higher than in Eastern and Southern China. High density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), 1ow density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) were controlled poorer (1.1±0.2mmol/L, 3.6±0.7mmol/L and 125.7±9.4mmHg, respectively) in pilots from Eastern China, and their age standardized prevalence rates of low HDL-C and high LDL-C were 37.9% and 24.6%, respectively, which was obviously higher than that in pilots from other two regions. The mean fast plasma glucose (FPG, 5.5±0.5mmol/L) was significantly higher in pilots from Southern China than that in pilots from the other two regions. There was significant difference of 1 and 2 categories of risk factors for CVD among the three regions, and among 1, 2 and ≥3 kinds of CVD risk factors, combination of overweight and obesity, low HDL-C+ overweight and obesity, and high TG+ low HDL-C+ overweight and obesity ranked highest. Conclusions The regional distribution and aggregation of risk factors for CVD among active pilots aged 40–59 years old are significantly different. Prevention and control measures should be different among these three regions. Weight control is imperative for active pilots aged 40–59 years old.

Simultaneous determination of 7 benzodiazepines in human plasma by UHPLC-MS/MS / 药学学报

The study was designed to develop the method for determination of 7 benzodiazepines concentration in human plasma. UHPLC-MS/MS was adopted to analyze plasma with protein precipitated by acetonitrile. Citalopram was used as an internal standard. Plasma samples were separated on CORTECS UHPLC C18 column with the mobile phase of aqueous solution (0.01% formic acid)-methanol (0.01% formic acid) at a flow rate of 0.3 mL·min-1. Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode was performed in combiation with electrospray ionization source operating in the positive ionization mode. The liner calibration curve of midazolam, nitrazepam, estazolam, clonazepam, lorazepam, triazolam and diazepam were obtained in the concentration range of 1.05-840 (r=0.999 4), 2.06-824 (r=0.998 1), 2.02-1 616 (r=0.994 7), 6.18-2 472 (r=0.997 9), 6.12-2 448 (r=0.997 4), 3.02-2 416 (r=0.990 2), 1.02-816 (r=0.998 8) ng·mL-1, respectively. The lowest detection limit were 0.02, 0.52, 0.51, 1.55, 0.77, 0.76, 0.02 ng·mL-1, respectively. The RSD of inter-day and intra-day were less than 10.81%. The relative recovery was 81.46%-106.53%. The method was successfully applied to clinical analysis of blood samples from patients.

Activity and isoenzyme spectra of lactate dehydrogenase of plateau zokor (Myospalax baileyi) in different season / 中国应用生理学杂志

<p><b>AIM</b>To explore the adapting metabolic mechanisms of the plateau zokors to the hypoxic-hypercapnic environment.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The activities of lactate dehydrogenase in serum and tissues, and the content of lactate in serum of plateau zokors in spring, summer and autumn were determined by using method of enzyme analysis. The spectrums of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes in serum and tissues of plateau zokors in spring, summer and autumn were analyzed by using method of the discontinuous systemic poly-acrylamide perpendicular plank gel electrophoresis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The activities of lactate dehydrogenase in serum had obvious seasonally difference that were higher in spring and lower in autumn, and the content of lactate in serum showed same changing pattern. The spectrums of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes in serum showed five bands that were LDH1, LDH2, LDH3, LDH4 and LDH5 from positive pole to negative pole respectively, it showed clearly two bands in serum of summer that were LDH4 and LDH5 and one band in serum of autumn that was LDH5. The activities of LDH in tissues of skeleton muscle, cardiac muscle and brain were higher compared with the other tissues, it decreased markedly from spring to summer to autumn. In tissues of liver, kidney and lungs, activities of LDH were lower. Activities of LDH in livers, were significantly higher in spring compared that in summer and autumn, which had no obvious difference between summer and autumn. Activities of LDH in kidneys and lungs, showed no obviously difference between spring and summer, which decreased markedly in autumn. The spectrums of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes in tissues of cardiac muscle, liver, lungs, kidney, brain and skeleton muscle showed five bands, the spectrums were obvious different in different tissues, and the content of LDH isoenzymes showed seasonal changes in different tissues.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Glycolysis levels in plateau zokors had obvious seasonally change which increased in spring and decreased in autumn significantly. It related to the activity of plateau zokors in different seasons and seasonal fluctuation of oxygen and carbon dioxide in burrows of plateau zokors.</p>

The Techniques of Isolation and Determination of Ergosterol as the Indicator of Fungal Biomass / 微生物学通报

Ergosterol is the important component of the fungal membrane, and having stable structure. This makes it a suitable indicator for growth of fungi. In the paper, isolation and determination techniques of ergosterol as the indicator of the fungal biomass were reviewed. The methods of extracting ergosterol include traditional saponification and refluxing, rapid physical disruption, rapid ultrasonication, supercritical fluid extraction and so on. The ergosterol determination methods are high performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and thin-layer chromatography, et al. The application of these techniques was also introduced. Finally, the paper prospected the feasibility of applying the ergosterol as the indicator of fungal biomass in composting.