Neuroprotective Mechanism of Buyang Huanwu Tang on Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Mice / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To explore the neuroprotective effect and mechanism of Buyang Huanwu Tang (BYHWT) on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) at different stages. Method:The 36 female C57BL/6 mice were immunized subcutaneously with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein peptides (MOG35-55),then randomly divided into 9, 17, 28 d EAE control group. Each BYHWT group was orally given drugs on the 3rd day after immunization (50 g·kg-1·d-1), and EAE control group was given the same volume of normal saline in the same way once a day for 9, 17 and 28 d after immunization. The effect of BYHWT on EAE mice was observed with internationally accepted clinical score. Brain and spinal cord specimens were collected at 9, 17 and 28 d after immunization. The neuroprotective effect of BYHWT was observed by hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining and solid blue staining (LFB). The expressions of BDNF and GAP-43 in spinal cord and brain were detected by Western blot. Result:After treatment, BYHWT can significantly inhibit myelitis cell infiltration and alleviate myelin loss. Compared with EAE group, the expression of Nogo-A in the spinal cord of each BYHWT group was significantly down-regulated (PPPPConclusion:BYHWT can improve the local nerve growth microenvironment and promote the expression of NTFs, reduce the expressions of neuroinhibitory factors, and play a role in neuroprotection.

Preliminary analysis of the effect of different administration routes of tranexamic acid on blood loss after total hip arthroplasty for female femur neck fractures / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To study curative effect of different administration routes of tranexamic acid (TXA) on blood loss of elderly female patients with femoral neck fracture in total hip arthroplasty.@*METHODS@#From December 2015 to January 2018, 77 elderly women with femoral neck fractures undergoing total hip replacement were divided into four groups: group A, group B, group C, and group D. The group A (intravenous medication group) included 21 patients with an average age of (77.10±7.02) years old. The patients in group A received 15 mg/kg TXA intravenously 5 minutes before skin incision and intraoperative infusion of saline into the joint cavity. The group B(local medication group) included 18 cases, with an average age of (73.83±6.56) years old. The patients in group B received saline intravenously 5 minutes before skin incision and intraoperative infusion of 3 g TXA into the joint cavity. The group C (combined medication group) included 19 cases, with an average age of (74.26±6.04) year old. The patients in group C received 15 mg/kg TXA intravenously before operation and intraoperative infusion of 1.5 g TXA into the joint cavity. The group D (control group) included 19 cases, with an average age of (76.69±9.27) years old. The patients in group D received saline intravenously 5 minutes before skin incision and intraoperative infusion of saline into the joint cavity. The postoperative wound drainage volume, hemoglobin value, and the total blood loss calculated according to the height and weight and the hematocrit (HCT) before and after operation were observed and compared.@*RESULTS@#In group A, the postoperative drainage was(111.91±35.02)ml; the change of hemoglobin was(26.86±12.99) g/L; and total blood loss was(628.60±306.78) ml. In group B, postoperative drainage was(108.89±36.61) ml; change of hemoglobin was(26.28±8.59) g/L; and the total blood loss was (584.41±250.86) ml. In group C, postoperative drainage was(102.63±47.36) ml; change of hemoglobin was (26.89±12.47) g/L; and total blood loss was(634.78±384.89) ml. In group D, postoperative drainage was(107.37±40.53) ml; change of hemoglobin was(40.95±12.48) g/L; and total blood loss was(1 005.24±483.37) ml. There were no significant differences among 4 groups in postoperative drainage volume (>0.05). The hemoglobin and total blood loss in group A, B, and C were less than those in the group D(0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Application of TXA can effectively reduce blood loss during perioperative period of total hip arthroplasty for elderly women with femoral neck fracture. The best administration route and dosage should be further studied.

Effect of Buyang Huanwu Decoction on mRNA Expressions of Aorta Rho Kinase and NF-κB p65 in Atherosclerosis Model Rats / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effect of Buyang Huanwu Decoction (BYHWD), a representative formula of qi benefiting blood activating method on aorta Rho associated coiled-coil forming protein serine/threonine kinase (Rhokinase, ROCK) and nuclear transcription factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65 mRNA expressions and levels of blood lipids in atherosclerosis (AS) model rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The AS rat model was prepared by vitamin D3 and high fat diet. Totally 60 rats were randomly divided into 6 groups, i.e., the normal control group, the model group, the low dose BYHWD group (10 g/kg), the high dose BYHWD group (20 g/kg), the Simvastatin control group (0.6 mg/kg), and the BYHWD prevention group (10 g/kg), 10 in each group. After successful modeling all medication was intervened for 28 days. Expression levels oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) were detected by ELISA. Levels of TG, TC, LDL-C, HDL-C were determined by enzyme method. Pathological changes of aortic tissue were observed under light microscope. mRNA expressions of Rho kinase and NF-κB p65 in aorta were detected by real time (RT) PCR.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>High fat diet and peritoneal injection of vitamin D3 could induce AS rat model. Typical atheromatous plaque formed in aorta of AS model rats. Compared with the normal control group, levels of TC, TG, LDL-C, and ox-LDL significantly increased in the model group, but the HDL-C level decreased (P < 0.01). Compared with the model group, levels of TC, TG, LDL-C, and ox-LDL all decreased, but HDL-C increased in low and high dose BYHWD groups, the Simvastatin control group, and the BYHWD prevention group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Compared with the low dose BYHWD group, above-mentioned indices were more obviously lowered in the high dose BYHWD group, the Simvastatin control group, and the BYHWD prevention group (P < 0.05). Compared with the normal control group, mRNA expression levels of Rho kinase and NF-κB p65 significantly increased in the model group (P < 0.01). Compared with the model group, mRNA expressions of Rho kinase and NF-κB p65 obviously decreased in low and high dose BYHWD groups, the Simvastatin control group, and the BYHWD prevention group (P < 0.01). Compared with the low dose BYHWD group, the two indicators were more obviously lowered in the high dose BYHWD group, the Simvastatin control group, and the BYHWD prevention group (P < 0.05). But there was no statistical difference in blood lipids levels, mRNA expression levels of Rho kinase or NF-κB p65 among the high dose BYHWD group, the Simvastatin control group, and the BYHWD prevention group (P >0. 05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>BYHWD could down-regulate mRNA expression levels of Rho kinase and NF-κB p65, lower levels of blood lipids, and fight against AS. Suppressing Rho kinase pathway might be one of its mechanisms.</p>

Case-control study on effects of vacuum drainage on perioperative blood loss after total hip arthroplasty for the treatment of femoral neck fractures / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare postoperative blood loss under different negative pressures of drainage after total hip arthroplasty for the treatment of femoral neck fractures.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From January 1st to December 30th 2013, 74 patients with femoral neck fractures treated with total hip arthroplasty were randomly divided into two groups: high negative pressure drainage group and low negative pressure drainage group. In high negative pressure drainage group, there were 34 cases including 10 males and 24 females, with a mean age of (75.94 ± 9.02) years old, and the patients were treated with 60 kPa negative pressure of drainage. In the low negative pressure drainage group, there were 40 cases including 13 males and 27 females, with an average age of (74.93 ± 8.90) years old, and the patients were treated with 30 kPa negative pressure of drainage. The amount of total drainage, total blood loss, and hemoglobin change were compared between these two groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the patients got primary healing without infections. In high negative pressure drainage group,the change of hemoglobin was (41.74 ± 15.69) g/L, total blood loss was (1,217.73 ± 459.50) ml and the drainage volume was (312.94 ± 103.44) ml; while in low negative pressure drainage group,the results were (34.90 ± 12.90) g/L, (904.01 ± 381.58) ml and (129.25 ± 44.25) ml separately. All the results in high negative pressure drainage group were higher than those in the other group. Three days after operation, the change of hemoglobin was (46.00 ± 13.29) g/L and total blood loss was (1,304.72 ± 421.75) ml; while in low negative pressure drainage group, the changes of hemoglobin was (43.87 ± 11.39) g/L and total blood loss was (1,196.78 ± 344.20) ml; there were no statistically significant differences between two groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>When placing drainage devices after total hip arthroplasty for the treatment of femoral neck fractures, the level of negative pressure should be chosen according to preoperative level of hemoglobin and HCT in patients. For old patients with femoral neck fracture, low negative pressure is more suitable.</p>

Tracking in vivo migration and distribution of antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes by 5,6-carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester staining during cancer immunotherapy / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Killing of targeted tumors during adoptive cell transfer therapy is associated with cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) numbers, immunophenotype, tumor-specificity, and in vivo residence time, migration, and distribution. Therefore, tracing in vivo persistence, migration, and distribution of CTLs is important for cancer immunotherapy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Optimal staining concentration for CTL proliferation was determined by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and killing efficiencies of CTLs or carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (CFSE)-labeled melanoma antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CFSE-CTLs) for malignant melanoma cells in vitro were compared. Additionally, CFSE-CTLs were intravenously transfused to mice receiving B16 melanoma, and their residence time, migration, and distribution in vivo were observed by measuring fluorescence intensities of CFSE-CTLs per gram of tissue (%FI/g) in various tissues and analyzing tumor/non-tumor (T/NT) values. Anti-tumor effects of transferred CTLs and correlation between %FI/g and D-value of tumor size were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Five-micromolar CFSE was optimal for labeling CTLs with minimal cytotoxicity. No significant difference occurred between CTLs and CFSE-CTLs for tumor cell killing (P = 0.849) or interleukin-2 (P = 0.318) and interferon-γ (P = 0.201) levels. Distribution of CTLs in vivo varied with time. A negative correlation between %FI/g in tumors and D-value of tumor sizes by Spearman correlation analysis was observed. CTLs were recruited to and killed tumors from 6 hours to 3 days after cell infusion. CTLs were observed up to three weeks later in the tumor, liver, kidneys, and spleen; this was related to the abundant blood supply or the nature of immune organs.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>CCK-8 assay is a novel method to select optimal CFSE staining concentrations. Fluorescence intensity of transferred CTLs reflects their killing efficiency of tumors. CFSE fluorescent markers can trace in vivo CTL persistence, migration, and distribution because of its stability, long half-life, and low toxicity.</p>