Effect of High-Concentration Uric Acid on Nitric Oxide / 中国医学科学院学报

Uric acid (UA) is the final product of purine metabolism in human body,and its metabolic disorder will induce hyperuricemia (HUA).The occurrence and development of HUA are associated with a variety of pathological mechanisms such as oxidative stress injury,activation of inflammatory cytokines,and activation of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.These mechanisms directly or indirectly affect the bioavailability of endogenous nitric oxide (NO).The decrease in NO bioavailability is common in the diseases with high concentration of UA as an independent risk factor.In this review,we summarize the mechanisms by which high concentrations of UA affect the endogenous NO bioavailability,with a focus on the mechanisms of high-concentration UA in decreasing the synthesis and/or increasing the consumption of NO.This review aims to provide references for alleviating the multisystem symptoms and improving the prognosis of HUA,and lay a theoretical foundation for in-depth study of the correlations between HUA and other metabolic diseases.

Expressions of HO-2 and CO in the corpus cavernosum of castrated rats / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the expressions of HO-2 and CO in the corpus cavernosum of castrated rats in order to further study the pathogenesis of erectile dysfunction (ED).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We randomly divided 72 male SD rats into four groups: normal control, sham operation, castration, and castration + ZnPP. We detected intracavernous pressure (ICP) and penile erection in the basic condition and after apomorphine (APO) induction, determined the expression of the HO-2 protein in the corpus cavernosum by laser scanning confocal microscopy, and measured the level of CO by spectrophotometry during different periods of penile erection.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The ICP in the basic condition and that after APO induction and the rate of penile erection were decreased significantly in the castration group ([11.68 ± 0.69] mmHg, [54.81 ± 3.86] mmHg, and 33.3%) and the castration + ZnPP group ([11.20 ± 0.71] mmHg, [41.17 ± 5.41] mmHg, and 22.2%) as compared with the normal control ([22.83 ± 2.66] mmHg, [66.92 ± 7.77] mm-Hg, and 100%) and the sham operation group ([23.35 ±2.22] mmHg, [70.43 ?7. 22] mmHg, and 100%) (all P <0. 01). After APO induction, ICP in the castration + ZnPP group was remarkably reduced in comparison with that in the castration group (P < 0.01), and so was the expression of the HO-2 protein before and during penile erection in the castration (445.4 ± 23.7 and 847.4 ± 35.0) and the castration + ZnPP group (390.1 ± 29.7 and 526.0 ± 52.5) compared with the normal control (512.7 ±57.4 and 1145.2 ± 89.8) and the sham operation group (583.7 ± 8.0 and 1016.3 ± 79.8), the expression of the HO-2 protein significantly decreased in the castration group (445.4 ± 23.7 and 847.4 ± 35.0) (P < 0.05 or 0.01), markedly lower in the castration + ZnPP than in the castration group during penile erection (P < 0.01) but with no significant differences among the four groups after it. Before, during and after penile erection, the levels of CO were remarkably decreased in the castration ([20.59 ± 1.01], [32.53 ± 1.26], and [18.71 ± 1.22] x 10(-7) nmol/L) and the castration +ZnPP group ([12.52 ± 1.05], [21.90 ± 1.02], and [16.56 ± 0.55] x 10(-7) nmol/L) as compared with the normal control ([26.76 ± 1.41], [48.25 ± 1.01], and [27.10 ± 1.58 ] x 10(-7) nmol/L) and the sham operation group ([25.41 ± 2.09], [ 47.90 ± 1.22], and [25.67 ± 1.20] x 10(-7) nmol/L) (P < 0.05 or 0.01), significantly lower in the castration + ZnPP than in the castration group during penile erection (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Decreased expressions of HO-2 and CO may correlate with erectile dysfunction in castrated rats.</p>

Risk factors related to infantile spastic cerebral palsy among 145 cases / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To study the risk factors related to spastic type of cerebral palsy through a screening program.Methods With a 1 ∶ 2 matched case-control study design,145 cases were selected from the Cerebral Palsy Treatment and Management Center in Heilongjiang Province from Dec.,2007 through May 2009.Another 290 cases of children as control group were chosen from the First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University,in the same period.Controls were excluded the central nervous system diseases,matching with cases at the age differences no more than 3 months,with same sex and ethnicity.Questionnaire survey was used to access relevant information,while logistic regression analysis was used to screen the risk factors.Results Data from Single factor logistic regression analysis notified 39 items as statistically significant factors.Through multivariate logistic regression analysis,11 factors in all the cerebral palsy cases,and incidence of cerebral palsy risk factors related to low or high birth weight were discovered as follows:mother with college degree,newborns with high muscle tone,skin color as purple,taking antipyretic analgesics drugs during pregnancy,experience significant events during pregnancy,situation of environment pollution around the house,having intracranial hemorrhage and birth asphyxia,fetal distress during pregnancy or neonatal stage etc.Conclusion Pre/Nconatal factors were closely related to cerebral palsy,suggesting that health care knowledge be popularized and related management be strengthened,to reduce the cerebral palsy incidence in the newborns.