Advances in studies on structure and pharmacological activities of natural tirucallane-type triterpenoids / 中国中药杂志

The tirucallane-type triterpenoids, composed of six isoprene units, belong to a group of tetracyclic triterpenoids. Although the naturally-derived tirucallane-type triterpenoids were found in a small amount, the kind of compounds showed various structures, which consist of apo-type, linear said-chain-type and cyclolike said-chain-type and broad bioactivities, such as cytotoxicity, anti-inflammation, antioxidation and anti-plasmin, etc. This paper summarized origins, structures and bioactivities of tirucallane-type triterpenoids in recent ten years. The future research and exploration of tirucallane-type triterpenoids were discussed and prospected.

Constituents isolated from n-butanol extract of leaves of Moringa oleifera / 中国中药杂志

Seventeen compounds were isolated from n-butanol extract of the leaves of Moringa oleifera, using column chromatography over macroporous resin HP-20,Sephadex LH-20, and ODS. Their structures were identified as two carboline,tangutorid E(1) and tangutorid F(2); three phenolic glycosides,niazirin(3)，benzaldehyde 4-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside(4) and 4-O-β-D-glucopyranosidebenzoic acid(5); four chlorogenic acid and derivatives,4-caffeoylquinic acid(6),methyl 4-caffeoylquinate(7),caffeoylquinic acid(8) and methyl caffeoylquinate(9); two nucleosids,uridine(10) and adenosine(11); one flavone,quercetin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(12); five other types of compounds,phthalimidineacetic acid(13),3-pyridinecarboxamide(14),3,4-dihydroxy-benzoic acid(15),5-hydroxymethyl-2-furancarboxylic acid(16) and 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde(17) by the spectral data of ¹H, ¹³C-NMR and MS. Among them,compounds 1-2,7,9-10,16 and 17 were isolated from M. oleifera for the first time.

Chemical constituents of Poria cocos / 中国中药杂志

The chemical constituents of Poria cocos were studied by means of silica gel, ODS column chromatography, Sephadex LH-20 and preparative HPLC. Thirteen compounds were isolated from this plant. By analysis of the ESI-MS and NMR data, the structures of these compounds were determined as tumulosic acid (1), dehydrotumulosic acid (2), 3beta, 5alpha-dihydroxy-ergosta-7, 22-dien-6-one (3), 3beta, 5alpha, 9alpha-trihydroxy-ergosta-7, 22-diene -6-one (4), ergosta-7, 22-diene-3-one (5), 6, 9-epoxy-ergosta-7,22-diene-3-ol (6), ergosta-4,22-diene-3-one (7), 3beta, 5alpha, 6beta-trihydroxyl-ergosta-7,22-diene (8), ergosta-5, 6-epoxy-7,22-dien-3-ol (9), beta-sitosterol (10), ribitol (11), mannitol (12), and oleanic acid 3-O-acetate (13), respectively. Compounds 3-13 were isolated from the P. cocos for the first time.

Chemical constituents from Chenopodium ambrosioides / 中国中药杂志

Twelve compounds were isolated from the herb of Chenopodium ambrosioides, and their structures were identified by spectroscopic methods as kaempferol-7-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside (1), kaempferol-3,7-di-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside (2), patuletin (3), quercetin-7-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside (4), grasshopper ketone (5), 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-cyclohexen-1-one (6), syringaresinol (7), benzyl beta-D-glucopyranoside (8), dendranthemoside B (9), N-trans-feruloyl tyramine (10), N-trans-feruloyl 4'-O-methyldopamine (11), and 4-hydroxy-N-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl) ethyl] benzamide (12). Among them,compounds 3, 6-8,10, and 12 were isolated from the genus Chenopodium for the first time, and compounds 2-12 were isolated from this plant for the first time.

Flavonoids from the seeds of Alpinia galanga Willd / 药学学报

Ten flavonoids were isolated from the 95% ethanol extract of the seeds of Alpinia galanga Willd. with a combination of various chromatographic techniques, including silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 and preparative HPLC. On the basis of spectroscopic data analysis, they were elucidated as (2R, 3S)-pinobaksin-3-cinnamate (1), (2R, 3R)-pinobaksin-3-cinnamate (2), pinocembrin (3), pinobaksin (4), 3-O-acetylpinobaksin (5), galangin (6), galangin-3-methylether (7), kumatakenin (8), 3-methylkaempferol (9) and (2R, 3R)-3, 5-dihydroxy-7-methoxyflavanone (10). Among them, compound 1 is a new compound, compounds 2, 5 and 10 were isolated from the genus Alpinia for the first time, and others were isolated from this plant for the first time.

Studies on chemical constituents from fruits of Morus alba L / 药学学报

Chemical investigation of fruits of Mours alba L. lead to the isolation of fifteen compounds by various chromatographies such as silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, RP-C18 column chromatography. Their structures were determined to be: 1-[5-(2-formlfuryl) methyl] dihydrogen 2-hydroxypropane-1, 2, 3-tricarboxylate 2, 3-diethyl ester (1), 1-[2-(furan-2-yl)-2-oxoethyl] pyrrolidin-2-one (2), divaricataester A (3), methyl 1-[2-(furan-2-yl)-2-oxoethyl]-5-oxopyrrolidine-2-carboxylate (4), 1-[2-(furan-2-yl)-2-oxoethyl]-5-oxopyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid (5), L-pyroglutamic acid (6), L-pyroglutamic acid ethyl ester (7), 3-O-caffeoylquinic acid methyl ester (8), 3-O-caffeoylquinic acid ethyl ester (9), 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid methyl ester (10), 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid ethyl ester (11), 4-O-caffeoylquinic acid methyl ester (12), 4-O-caffeoylquinic acid methyl ester (13), 4-O-caffeoylquinic acid (14), 3-O-caffeoylquinic acid (15), respectively, based on the spectral analysis such as NMR, MS etc. Compounds 1-14 were isolated from this genus for the first time, among which 1 was a new compound.

Studies on chemical constituents of Guizhi Fuling Capsule (IV) / 中草药

Objective: To investigate the chemical constituents from the petroleum ether and ethyl acetate extract of Guizhi Fuling Capsule (GFC). Methods: The compounds were separated with chromatography on silica gel and polydextran gel columns, and prep-HPLC, and their chemical structures were identified by NMR and MS spectral methods, respectively. Results: Eight compounds were isolated from the petroleun ether extract and were identified as coumarin (1), 7-hydroxycoumarin (2), cinnamic alcohol (3), ergosterol (4), ergosta-4, 6, 8 (14), 22-tetraen-3-one (5), β-amyrin acetate (6), campesterol (7), and α-amyrin acetate (8). Thirteen compounds were isolated from the ethyl acetate extract and were identified as apingenin (9), kaemferol (10), quercetin (11), kaempferol-3-O-glucopyranoside (12), catechin (13), epicatechin (14), syringic acid (15), hyperin (16), eicosanoids (17), syringaresinol (18), mudanpioside A (19), mudanpioside C (20), and galloylpaeoniflorin (21). Conclusion: Compounds 1-21 are isolated from GFC for the first time.

A new terpenoid from Ganoderma lucidum / 药学学报

A new terpenoid, lucidone D (1), has been isolated from Ganoderma lucidum. Its structure was determined to be 7beta, 15alpha-dihydroxy-4, 4, 14alpha-trimethyl-3, 11, 20-trioxo-5alpha-pregn-8-en on the basis of 1D and 2D-NMR spectral analysis.

Determination of nine triterpenoid acids from Ganoderma lucidum of different producting areas by HPLC / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish an HPLC method for determining nine triterpenes contained in Ganoderma lucidum.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Chromatography conditions: Alltima C18 (4.6 mm x 150 mm, 5 microm) was adopted as the chromatographic column, with acetonitrile-0.04% formic acid solution as the mobile phase. The detective wavelength was set at 254 nm, and the column temperature was 15 degrees C.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The linearities of ganoderic acid C2, ganoderic acid G, ganoderenic acid B, ganoderic acid B, ganoderenic acid A, ganoderic acid A, lucideric acid A, ganoderenic acid D, and ganoderic acid C1 ranged between 6.81-40.88, 6.38-38.25, 6.75-40.50, 6.38-38.25, 5.95-35.65, 5.90-35.25, 7.00-42.00, 6.20-37.15 and 6.05-36.4 mg x L(-1) (r = 0.999 4, 0.999 2, 0.999 4, 0.999 2, 0.999 2, 0.994 5, 0.999 0, 0.999 2 and 0.998 4). Their recoveries were 102.1%, 102.3%, 100.6%, 103.3%, 104.1%, 103.2%, 96.42%, 102.5% and 101.5%, with RSD being 1.5%, 0.96%, 1.9%, 1.3%, 1.7%, 2.5%, 0.62%, 2.9% and 1.3%. The content of triterpenes contained in G. lucidum samples from 31 different areas and under different cultivation conditions.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The method is so feasible and highly reproducible that it can be used for quantitatie determination of the content of triterpenoid acid contained in G. lucidum.</p>

Increased expression of stathmin in eutopic endometrium of patients with endometriosis / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Stathmin was identified as an endometriosis-related protein by comparative proteomics in our previous study. As a microtubule-destabilizing factor, stathmin was shown to participate in the relay and integration of diverse intracellular signaling pathways involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, and many other cellular activities. To investigate whether stathmin is involved in the pathogenesis of endometriosis, we examined the expression of stathmin in eutopic endometrium of women with or without endometriosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Eutopic endometrium samples were collected from thirty-six patients who were diagnosed as endometriosis and the nineteen age-matched patients who were confirmed to be free of endometriosis surgically and histologically. The expression of stathmin mRNA was detected by real-time PCR, and its protein was detected by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Stathmin was overexpressed in eutopic endometrium of women with endometriosis detected by real-time PCR in mRNA levels and by Western blotting in protein levels, without significant difference between proliferative and secretory phase. Immunohistochemistry showed that stathmin protein was localized in both endometrial glandular and stromal cells throughout the menstrual cycle.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Stathmin is overexpressed in endometrium of patients with endometriosis and may play a role in the pathogenesis of endometriosis.</p>

Studies on the chemical constituents of Anabasis aphylla L / 药学学报

The investigation on the chemical constituents of Anabasis aphylla L. was carried out by using various chromatographies, such as silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 and RP-C18 column chromatography. Further detailed investigation on the fraction of the ethanol extract of Anabasis aphylla L. yielded one new compound p-acetyl-phenol 1-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (1), together with five known compounds: piceine (2), isorhamnetin (3), quercetin (4), rutin (5) and isorhamnetin-3-rutinoside (6). Their structures were elucidated by spectral analysis such as NMR and MS. Among these compounds, compounds 2-6 were isolated from this plant for the first time.

Flavonoids from the leaves of Morus alba L / 药学学报

The investigation on the leaves of Morus alba L. was carried out to find the relationship of the constituents and the pharmacological activities. The isolation and purification were performed by various chromatographies such as silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, RP-C18 column chromatography and so on. Further detailed investigation on the fraction of the ethanol extract of leaves of Morus alba yielded four Diels-Alder type adducts mulberrofuran F1 (1), mulberrofuran F (2), chalcomoracin (3), kuwanon J (4), together with two chalcones morachalcone A (5), isobavachalcone (6), and three flavones norartocarpetin (7), kuwanon C (8), 6-geranylapigenin (9). Their structures were elucidated by the spectral analysis such as NMR, MS etc. Compounds 1, 6 were isolated from this plant for the first time, compounds 4-5, 7-9 were isolated from the leaves of Morus alba L. for the first time, among which 1 was a new compound. Compounds 1-5 were evaluated for the cytotoxicity against A549, Be17402, BGC823, HCT-8 and A2780 cell lines in vitro by MTT method, but only compounds 1-3 showed cytotoxicity against several human cancer cell lines.

Management of ureteral endometriosis: a report of ten cases / 中国医学科学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the clinical features and management of ureteral endometriosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Patients surgically and histologically diagnosed as ureteral endometriosis from January 2001 to January 2007 in Peking Union Medical College Hospital were retrospectively reviewed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Ten patients were diagnosed as ureteral endometriosis among 7561 cases with surgically and histologically proved diagnosis of endometriosis, with an incidence of 0.132%. Nine out of 10 patients were extrinsic ureteral endometriosis and concomitant with severe pelvic endometriosis, and the other was intrinsic ureteral endometriosis. Hormone therapy failed in 2 patients with urinary tract obstruction. Ureterolysis was performed in 6 patients and ureterectomy was performed in 4 patients. One case of ureteral recurrence was observed in a postmenopausal woman without hormonal replacement therapy who received laparoscopic ureterolysis and hysterectomy with bilateral adnexectomy. No relapse was observed in the other 9 patients.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Ureteral endometriosis is a rare entity. The upper urinary tract should be evaluated in patients with severe endometriosis, even in postmenopausal women. The treatment of ureteral endometriosis usually requires surgery, while ureterolysis should not be performed in patients with extensive disease. As a form of adjuvant therapy of surgery, hormonal therapy is an appropriate option.</p>

Study of anti-oxidant phenolic compounds from stem barks of Morus yunanensis / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study anti-oxidant phenolic compounds from stem barks of Morus yunanensis.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Isolation and purification were carried out by silica gel, Sephadex LH -20 and RP - 18 column chromatography. The chemical structures of constituents were elucidated on the basis of physicochemical properties and spectral data.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Eight phenolic compounds were isolated and identified as: mulberrofuran E (1), mulberrofuran K (2), albanol B (3), kuwanon H (4), resveratrol (5), moracin M (6), morachalcone A (7), 3', 5', 2, 4-tetrahydroxy-4-(3-methyl-1-butenyl) stilbene (8).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>All the compounds were isolated from the plant for the first time, and compounds 2, 3, 6, 8 showed potent anti-oxidation activities.</p>

Isoflavones from vine stem of Millettia dielsiana / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the chemical constituents of vine stem of Millettia dielsiana.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Various chromatographic techniques were employed for the isolation and purification of the chemical constituents. The structures were elucidated by chemical and spectral analyses.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Seven isoflavones were isolated and identified as 6-methoxycalpogonium isoflavone A (1), durmillone (2), ichthynone (3), jamaicin (4), toxicarol isoflavone (5), barbigerone (6), genistein (7) respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Compound 5 was isolated from the genus and Compounds 1-6 were isolated from the plant for the first time.</p>

Studies on chemical constituents from leaves of Sapium sebiferum / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the chemical constituents from leaves of Sapium sebiferum.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The compounds were isolated and purified by silic gel column chromatography and preparative HPLC. The structures were identified by various spectral evidence.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Nine compounds were obtained and they were shikimic acid (1), kaempferol (2), quercetin (3), isoquercein (4), hyperin (5), kaempferol-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (6), kaempferol-3-O-beta-D-glueopyranoside (7), gallic acid (8), rutin (9).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Compounds 1, 5, 6 and 7 are isolated from this genus for the first time and compound 9 is isolated from this plant for the first time.</p>

Studies on chemical constituents from the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma sinense Zhao, Xu et Zhang / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the chemical constituents from the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma sinense Zhao, Xu et Zhang.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>To isolated the compounds by silica gel and sephadex LH -20 column chromatography and their structures were elucidate by means of spectral analysis.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Six sterols, one fatty acid and one of diketopiperazines were obtained from CHCl3 fraction of EtOH extract and identified as ergosta-7, 22-dien-3beta-ol (1), ergosterol (2), 6, 9-epidioxyergosta-7, 22-dien-3beta-ol (3), 5, 8-epidioxiergosta-6, 22-dien-3beta-ol (4), ergosta-7, 22-dien-3-one (5), beta-sitosterol (6), alpha-Hydroxytetracosanoic acid (7), cyclo (D-Pro-D-Val) (8).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Componds 1-8 are isolated from G. sinense Zhao, Xu et Zhang for the first time.</p>

Studies on chemical constituents from bark of Morus nigra / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the chemical constituents in the barks of Morus nigra.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The nine compounds were isolated and purified by column chromatography over silica gel, LH -20 and preparative HPLC and their structures were identified by various spectroscopic methods.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The nine compounds were isolated and identified as olcancolic acid , apigenin, cyclocommunol, morusin, cyclomorusin, kuwanon C, daucosterol, ursolic acid, 63-sitosterol.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Olcancolic acid, apingenin, cyclocommunol, morusin, cyclomorusin, kuwanon C, daucosterol were firstly isolated from the M. nigra.</p>