Application of nanomaterial-based biosensors in airborne pathogen surveillance / 中华微生物学和免疫学杂志

COVID-19 is a novel respiratory infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The continuous emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants poses a serious threat to the public health. A bedside device with high specificity and sensitivity for real-time and rapid detection is of great value for the prevention and control of COVID-19. Moreover, understanding the transmission behavior of airborne pathogens such as SARS-CoV-2 is also vital for scientific disease prevention. Biosensors are devices that can convert biomolecular reaction signals into detectable physical or chemical signals and have been increasingly used for the detection and analysis of pathogenic microorganisms. Biosensors bases on the conventional detection methods such as colony counting, immunoassays and molecular techniques are often time-consuming, labor-intensive and complicated. Nanomaterial-based biosensors are more portable and can be used for rapid on-site detection. This review summarized the progress in biosensors for pathogen detection and the application of nanomaterial based-biosensors in the surveillance of airborne pathogens.

The model of training the trainers in community general practice / 中华全科医师杂志

Objective To evaluate a normative and systematic training mode for teachers of community general practice.Methods A total of 16 general practice teachers,who came from Fenglin community health service centre in Shanghai,participated three-stage training mode during March 2011 to February 2012.The clinical competence evaluation and questionnaire survey were conducted before and after training.Fifty trainees trained by the teachers also received clinical competence evaluation.Results After the three-stage training,the test score in medical knowledge,physical examination and clinical skills of the teachers did not change significantly (P =0.794,0.674 and 0.326).The self assessment questionnaire survey of general practice teachers indicated a significant increase,especially in practice capability (t =-2.840,P =0.015) and overall quality (t =-3.017,P =0.011).After training by the teachers,the medical knowledge (t =-9.200,P =0.000),physical examination (t =-9.947,P =0.000) and clinical skills (t =-14.828,P =0.000) of 50 trainees increased markedly.Conclusions Differed from conventional training courses,the three-stage training enhances teaching ability and overall quality of community general practice teachers,and provides a effective training model.

Management by objectives model of health promotion improves fitness level and overall health in community residents / 中华全科医师杂志

Total 406 community residents entered in fitness improvement program with “management by objectives model of health promotion” from 2009 to 2011.The fitness status was monitored by Xuhui Physical Constitution Center before and after entering the program.The results showed that the level of fitness assessment,the composite score,lung capacity and reaction time were improved with the years (P ＜ 0.01) ; the step index and sitting-and-reach test in 2010 was better than those in 2009(P ＜ 0.01) ; the grip strength in 2010 and 2011 was better than that in 2009 (P ＜ 0.01); the test of single leg-standing with closing eyes in 2011 was better than that in 2009(P ＜ 0.05).There was no difference in body mass index before and after program (P ＞ 0.05).The results indicate that physical fitness and overall health can be improved by management by objectives model for health promotion.

Hospital Onset of Lower Respiratory Infection and Drug Resistance:Analysis of 141 cases / 中华医院感染学杂志

OBJECTIVE To investigate the epidemiological characteristic of lower respiratory infection among the hospitalized patients in Tianlin Community Health Service Center so as to take effective measures to control the infection and reduce the emergence of drug resistant strains.METHODS Totally 6150 cases of patients discharged from our Center during from Jan 2004 to Sept 2006 were collected and among them 141 cases occurred hospital onset of lower respiratory infection and drug resistance was analyzed through contrasting.RESULTS The incidence rate of hospital onset of lower respiratory infection and drug resistance were 2.29% and 58.62%.Among the 141 cases,the incidence rate of ESBLs was 28.36% which mainly produced from Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae.CONCLUSIONS Primary affection should actively treated and antibiotics should use rationally according to the drug sensitive cultivation to control the abuse of antibiotics and reduce the emergence of drug resistant strains.

Preparation and characterization of chitosans of high degree of deacetylation with different molecular weights / 中国海洋药物

Objective To prepare chitosans of high degree of deacetylation with different molecular weights.Methods A series of chitosan samples of high degree of deacetylation were prepared by different approaches of hydrolysis from commercial chitosan in the presence of strong base.The obtained deacetylchitosans were then degraded into samples with medium or low molecular weight in the system of acetic acid and hydrogen peroxide.Their corresponding molecular weights were further determinied with Ubbelohde viscometer.Results Chitosans of high degree of deacetylation with different molecular weights were successfully prepared under the experiment conditions.Their characteristics were indicated and analysed by IR and 1H-NMR.Conclusion Chitosans of 90%~100% degree of deacetylation can be prepared by the intermittent approach of hydrolysis using 10mol?L-1 NaOH solution at 110℃.Chitosan samples with the viscosity-average molecular weigh between 10,000 ~100,000 Da can be prepared in the system of 0.35 mol?L-1 acetic acid and 0.45 mol?L-1 hydrogen hyperoxide.