Study on insulin for regulating VGLUT2 gene expression in rat pancreatic β cell / 重庆医学

Objective To investigate the regulation of insulin VGLUT2 gene expression in pancreatic β cells and its exactly mechanism.Methods The rat pancreatic β cell line RIN-5F was treated by different insulin concentrations and different siRNA.The changes of VGLUT2 mRNA and protein expression levels were detected by adopting real-time qPCR and Western blot.Results In-sulin with a concentration of 100,200 nmol/L significantly inhibited the expressions of VGLUT2 mRNA and protein in RIN-5RF cells(P<0.05),moreover the inhibiting effect was most significant at 100 nmol/L.After 100 nmol/L insulin treatment,the expres-sions of VGLUT2 mRNA and protein at 12,18,24 h were significantly inhibited compared with that at 0 h(P<0.05).Compared with the Blank group,Lip2000 group and Control-siRNA group,after interfering RIN-5F by using IR-siRNA,IRS1-siRNA and IRS2-siRNA,the inhibition situation of VGLUT2 mRNA and protein expressions by 100 nmol/L insulin in each group was signifi-cantly recovered(P<0.05).Conclusion Insulin at low concentration could inhibit VGLUT 2 gene expression in rat pancreatic β cell line RIN-5F.

Analysis of the applicationeffect of micro classroom in the experimental teaching of diagnostics / 基础医学与临床

Objective Analysis of the teaching effect of the micro-classroom in the experimental teaching of diagnostics.Methods In the 50 classes of undergraduate clinical specialty of 2014 level of guangdong medical mniversity,2 classes were selected as the control group (n=67) by random number table method,2 classes were selected as the experience group (n=65).Theoretical knowledge and clinical skills were calculated.Recognition of two groups of students on two kinds of teaching methods.The data of two groups were compared using t-test and chi-square test.Results The results of the theoretical knowledge and clinical skills of the experimental group were significantly higher than the control group (P< 0.05).There was a significant difference between the two groups (P< 0.05),which was found to be able to deepen the understanding of theoretical knowledge,to improve the ability of clinical skills operation,to cultivate clinical thinking and to mobilize the enthusiasm of independent learning.Conclusions Micro classroom teaching can significantly improve the quality of experimental training of diagnoses.

Application of transanal endoscopic microsurgery in anorectal diseases / 中华胃肠外科杂志

Transanal endoscopic microsurgery(TEM) is a safe and effective procedure for the treatment of local tumors, especially for the rectal villous adenoma (pT0), polyps with severe dysplasia and in situ carcinoma(pTis). It can also be applied as salvage surgery for incidental carcinoma after colonoscopy as well as in cases of giant villous adenoma. With the introduction of screening colonoscopy, more early polyps will be detected. We should be able to customize our treatment accordingly. On one hand, we want to prevent overkill and on the other hand to avoid under-treatment. This article is aimed to review the development of TEM and discuss its various indications.

Expression of collagen and elastin fibers in the rectum of patients with obstructed defecation syndrome and its significance / 中华胃肠外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To detect the expression of collagen and elastin fibers in the rectum of patients with obstructive defecation syndrome (ODS), and to explore the possible role of these fibers in the pathogenesis of ODS.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The rectum specimens of 20 patients with ODS were collected. These patients had undergone stapled transanal rectal resection (STARR) surgery in our hospital since 2012. Full-thickness rectal specimens were stained with Masson and EVG staining to show collagen and elastin fibers. As the control, rectum specimens of 20 patients with severe prolapsed hemorrhoids also undergoing STARR surgery in our hospital during the same period were collected.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Masson staining showed that the structure of collagen fibers in submucosa was slender, area decreased [(13.88±7.02)% vs. (30.98±3.46)%, P<0.01], and the expression level was significantly lower in ODS group compared with control group. EVG staining also showed that collagen fiber area of ODS patients was reduced compared with control group [(17.18±7.24)% vs. (27.04±9.65)%, P<0.01]. Meanwhile EVG staining revealed that elastic fibers were fragmented in ODS group and the expression level was lower compared with control group [(1.20±1.39)% vs. (1.47±1.06)%], whereas the difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The expression level of collagen fibers in patients with ODS is significantly reduced, which may play an important role in the pathogenesis of ODS.</p>

Comparison of efficacy and safety between two kinds of injection therapy in the treatment of I-II degree rectal prolapse / 中华胃肠外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the safety and efficacy of Shaobei injection in the management of I(-II( degree rectal prolapse.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 80 patients eligible for the inclusion criteria were divided into 2 groups: 40 patients in the treatment group (treated with Shaobei injection) and 40 cases in the control group (treated with Xiaozhiling) respectively. The short-term efficacy was identified by the length of rectal prolapse and the depth of rectocele demonstrated by the defecography while the long-term efficacy was evaluated by the length of rectal prolapse. In addition, the safety was assessed by the occurrence of postoperative complications.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The variation of the lengths of rectal prolapse and the depth of rectocele demonstrated by the defecography at the sixth month follow up in the two groups did not reach significant difference (P>0.05). After 2 year follow up, 37 patients (92.5%) in the treatment group and 35 cases(87.5%) in the control group was cured. Therefore, there was no significant difference in the long term efficacy between the two groups (P>0.05). The adverse events in the therapy group(10%) was less than that in the control group (45%)(P<0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Shaobei injection in the management of I(-II( degree rectal prolapse has a similar efficacy of short-term and long-term higher safety compared to Xiaozhiling injection.</p>

Function of colonic mucosal barrier of patients with colonic slow transit constipation / 中华消化杂志

Objective To explore the function of colonic mucosal barrier of patients with colonic slow transit constipation (STC).Methods From June 2008 to June 2012,a total of 136 patients with STC were enrolled.Among them,course of disease of 55 cases was between one and six years,of 43 cases was between six and 10 years,and of 38 cases was over 10 years.The colonic transit time of 66 cases was between three and five days,of 42 cases was between five and seven days,and of 28 cases was over seven days.Altogether,35 cases received subtotal resection of the colon.At same time,individuals who received partial resection of the colon because of single polypus were set as control group.Fasting blood and urine samples of all subjects were collected.The colonic specimens of STC patients who received surgery and control group were harvested.The urinary lactulose and mannitol ratio (L/M) was detected by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).The level of blood Dlactic acid (D-LAC) was tested by enzymatic spectrophotometric.The level of blood diamine oxidase (DAO) was determined by speetrophotometry.The level of endotoxin (ET) was detected by azo chromogenic substrate limulus test.The colonic epithelial cells membrane resistance (TER) and paracellular mannitol permeability (PMP) were measured with Ussing perfusion chamber.t-test was performed for comparison between groups.Results Urinary L/M of STC group and control group was 0.16±0.03 and 0.10±0.02,respectively.The level of blood D-LAC was (1.81±0.19) and (1.04±0.13) mmol/L.The level of blood DAO was (17.07±1.81) and (9.78±1.14) U/L.The level of blood ET was (64.20±6.85) and (51.30±5.90) EU/L.The TER of colonic epithelia cell was (61.23±7.76) and (75.87±9.65) Ω/cm2.The PMP of colonic epithelia cell was (3.17±0.35) ％ and (2.14 ±0.22)％.All the differences were statistically significant (t =3.185,3.378,3.863,3.201,3.125 and 3.543,all P＜0.05).Among patients with disease course between one and six years,six to 10 years and over 10 years,colonic transit time of STC between three and five days,five to seven days and over seven days,urinary L/M,blood D-LAC level and blood DAO level increased along with the disease course and colonic transit time and the differences were statistical significantly compared with control group (urinary L/M:t=1.993,2.311,2.356,2.204,2.347 and 3.673; blood D-LAC level:t=2.023,2.886,4.124,1.999,2.998 and 3.465; blood DAO level:t=1.994,2.995,4.423,2.203,3.673 and 5.211; all P＜0.05).Compared with control group,there were significant differences in blood ET level of course of STC between six and 10 years,over 10 years,colonic transit time of STC between five and seven days and over seven days (t=2.121,4.245,3.241 and 4.657,all P＜0.05).Conclusion The permeability of colonic mucosal barrier increased and which was more significant in longer colonic transit time and long course of disease.