Research advances in neuroprotective role of sigma-1 receptor in retina / 中华实验眼科杂志

Retinal degenerative diseases are a major contributor to visual impairment worldwide, and research related to retinal degenerative diseases is increasingly becoming a hot topic.The sigma-1 receptor is a 223-amino-acid endoplasmic reticulum transmembrane protein, and its gene sequence is highly conserved throughout mammals.Sigma-1 receptors are widely distributed in various tissues and organs.Numerous studies have proved the protective role of sigma-1 receptors in retinal pathological processes, including anti-oxidative stress, anti-inflammatory response, and anti-apoptosis.In addition, sigma-1 receptors have potential therapeutic roles in retinal diseases, especially diabetic retinopathy, retinitis pigmentosa and glaucomatous neuropathy.In this paper, the molecular mechanisms of sigma-1 receptor-mediated retinal neuroprotection and its application in the treatment of retinal diseases were reviewed.

Application of CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology in the construction of animal models of ophthalmic diseases / 中华实验眼科杂志

The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated endonuclease 9 (Cas9) technology is a gene editing technology that uses RNA to guide endonucleases.This technology is rapidly used in gene editing and disease gene therapy in multiple species because of its easy operation, precise targeting, short cycle, and high gene knockout efficiency.At present, the corneal dystrophy model ( UBIAD1, TGF- β R124C gene mutations), glaucoma model ( MYOC Y435H, OPTN E50K and PMEL gene mutations), cataract model ( GJA8, KPNA4, C- MAF, AQP5 and PIKFYVE gene mutations), Leber congenital amaurosis animal model ( KCNJ13 and LCA5 gene mutations), retinblastoma animal model ( RB1/ RBL gene mutations) and retinitis pigmentosa models ( HKDC1, C8ORF37, CERKL, PRCD, ASRGL1, LRAT and PDE6B gene mutations) have been constructed by using this technology.The role of MFRP, CPAMD8, Pax6, and FREM genes in animal eye development has been further confirmed via this technology.The application of CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology in the construction of animal models of ophthalmic diseases was reviewed in this article.

Molecular Mechanism of Ursolic Acid in the Treatment of Osteoporosis Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE：To explo re the potential molecular mechanism of ursolic acid in the treatment of osteoporosis （OP）. METHODS：TCMSP，PubMed database and UniProt database were used to screen potential targets of monomer compound ursolic acid. OP related target genes were searched with GeneCards database. The common target genes of component-disease were obtained by Venny 2.1 online mapping tool. The protein-protein interaction （PPI）network of component-disease common target genes was constructed by using STRING database ，and topological analysis was carried out ；the core target genes ，whose degree value was greater than the average degree value ，were screened. GO functional annotation and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of component-disease common target genes were carried out by DAVID database. AutoDock Vina 1.1.2 software was used for molecular docking ，using protein encoded by the core target gene as receptor and ursolic acid as ligand. RESULTS ：A total of 55 ursolic acid related target genes and 4 273 OP related target genes were excavated ，with a total of 44 common target genes. PPI network with above common target genes included 44 nodes and 513 edges，with an average node degree of 23.3. There were 24 core target genes ，including VEGFA，TP53，IL6，CASP3. There were 340 GO functional items were enriched （corrected P＜ 0.05），including 263 biological processes （negative regulation of apoptosis ，etc.），25 molecular functions （protein binding ，etc.） and 52 cell components （cytosol，etc.）. There were 90 KEGG signaling pathways （corrected P＜0.05），such as tumor pathway ， hepatitis B pathway ，TNF signaling pathway ，viral carcinogenesis and phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase/protein kinase B （PI3K-Akt） signaling pathway. The binding energy between ursolic acid and 6 proteins encoded by core target genes such as TP53 was lower than －5 kcal/mol，which had strong binding activity. CONCLUSIONS ：The therapeutic effect of ursolic acid on OP may be achieved by regulating VEGFA，TP53，IL6，CASP3，JUN and other core target genes and acting on multiple key pathways such as cancer pathway ， hepatitis B and TNF signaling

Direct-acting antiviral agents for liver transplantation recipients with hepatitis C virus infection / 中华肝胆外科杂志

Objective:To investigate the antiviral efficacy of direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs) in the treatment of liver transplantation (LT) recipients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection.Methods:Twenty-two HCV-infected LT recipients treated with DAAs at Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital from December 2014 to June 2018 were retrospectively analyzed, Twenty cases of HCV RNA gene type 1b were treated with sofosbuvir (400 mg/d) + ledipasvir (90 mg/d) or sofosbuvir (400 mg/d) + daclatasvir (60 mg/d) for 12 weeks or 24 weeks; 2 cases of gene type 2a were treated with sofosbuvir (400 mg/d) for 12 weeks. The effect of antiviral treatment, adverse reactions during treatment, and laboratory indicators such as HCVRNA quantification, blood routine, liver and kidney function during treatment and follow-up were studied.Results:The LT recipients of HCV infection included 16 males and 6 females, with a median age of 61.5 (36-71) years old, and the median time of antiviral treatment was 48 (2-117) months after transplantation. Among the 22 patients, 16 received a 12-week course of treatment. Except for 2 patients who did not get HCVRNA negative conversion at 4-week, all achieved a negative HCV RNA at 4-week and the end of the treatment. Six LT recipients received a 24-week course of treatment (gene type 1b), and HCVRNA was negative at 4-week and the end of treatment. All patients achieved end of treatment virological response and a sustained virological response (SVR) rate of 100% at 12 weeks and 24 weeks after the end of treatment. The serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and creatinine were 71.5 (30, 110) U/L and (89.4±25.7) mmol/L before treatment, respectively. ALT decreased to 22 (17.8, 28.5) U/L after 4 weeks of treatment, and serum creatinine decreased to (77.4±11.5) mmol/L at 24 weeks after the end of treatment. The differences before and after treatment were statistically significant (all P<0.05). No serious adverse events occurred during the treatment. Conclusions:DAAs have a definite antiviral effect in the treatment of LT recipients with HCV infection, and long-term SVR can be obtained.

Research and prospect of inhibitors of mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway on the prevention and treatment of posterior capsule opacification / 中华实验眼科杂志

Posterior capsule opacification (PCO) is the most common complication of extracapsular cataract extraction and intraocular lens implantation in the long-term.After cataract surgery, the content of growth factor in aqueous humor increased, which induced excessive hyperplasia, migration and fibrosis of lens epithelial cells (LECs), resulting in posterior capsular opacity and decreased vision.PI3K/AKT/MTOR signaling pathway is an important pathway regulating cell growth, cell cycle, protein and ribosome synthesis, which plays a crucial role in the occurrence and development of PCO.The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a key site for regulating the protein expression in the downstream of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.The application of mTOR inhibitor to interfere with the signaling pathway and affect the biological function of LECs is expected to provide a new idea for the prevention and treatment of PCO.This paper described the research progress of the role of mTOR signaling pathway and mTOR inhibitors in the occurrence and development of PCO.

Risk factors for recurrence after liver transplantation in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and their prognosis / 临床肝胆病杂志

ObjectiveTo investigate the risk factors for tumor recurrence and death after liver transplantation in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and their survival. MethodsThe patients with HCC who underwent liver transplantation in The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital from January 2005 to February 2019 were enrolled, and according to the presence or absence of HCC recurrence after liver transplantation, they were divided into recurrence group and non-recurrence group. The t-test or the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of continuous data between two groups, and the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between two groups. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional-hazards regression model analyses were used to determine the risk factors for HCC recurrence and death after liver transplantation. The Kaplan-Meier method was used for survival analysis, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to investigate the predictive value of death-related risk factors after liver transplantation. ResultsA total of 391 HCC patients who underwent liver transplantation were enrolled, with a median follow-up time of 2 years, among whom 78(19.95%) experienced HCC recurrence. Preoperative alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level＞200 ng/ml (recurrence: hazard ratio ［HR］=252, 95% confidence interval ［CI］: 1.58-4.03, P＜0.001; death: HR=2.99, 95%CI: 1.59-5.62, P＜0.001］, total tumor diameter (recurrence: HR=1.20, 95%CI: 1.12-1.28, P＜0.001; death: HR=1.10, 95%CI: 1.02-1.17, P=0.002), and vascular invasion (recurrence: HR=1.15, 95%CI: 1.04-1.26, P=0.016; death: HR=1.10, 95%CI: 1.03-1.18, P=0.004) were independent risk factors for tumor recurrence and death after liver transplantation. The 1-, 5-, and 10-year overall survival rates after liver transplantation were 94.8%, 84.2%, and 83.5%, respectively, and the 1-, 5-, and 10-year disease-free survival rates were 840%, 75.1%, and 75.1%, respectively. AFP, involvement of major blood vessels, body mass index, and total tumor diameter had a certain value in predicting the death of HCC patients with recurrence, with an area under the ROC curve of 0.789 (95% CI: 0.719-0858). ConclusionTumor biological features before transplantation are the key factors for tumor recurrence after transplantation.

Establishment of a suitable control reporter plasmid of a dual luciferase reporter gene system for hormone research in silkworm cell lines / 生物工程学报

The dual luciferase reporter gene system provides sensitive readout, while it relies on a constitutively-expressed control gene for readout normalization. However, most standard control reporter genes are not constitutively expressed under all conditions. Here, we report an effective method to construct a control reporter plasmid for the dual luciferase reporter gene system that would be suitable for hormone research in silkworm cell lines. First, we modified BmVgP78M, a stably-expressed constitutive promoter in silkworm cells by mutating its hormone-related element. Then, we constructed the pRL-VgP78M control reporter plasmid by replacing the SV40 promoter and chimeric intron sequences in pRL-SV40 with the BmVgP78M sequence. Finally, we confirmed that the pRL-VgP78M control reporter plasmid could be stably expressed in silkworm cell lines via cell transfection experiments, and it was unresponsive to the induction of ecdysone, juvenile hormone, or their transcription factors. We thus obtained a control reporter plasmid pRL-VgP78M that could be expressed stably and moderately in silkworm cells. It can be readily used as the control reporter plasmid of the dual luciferase reporter gene system for hormone research in silkworm cell lines. It will also provide a reference for construction of control reporter plasmids of dual luciferase reporter gene systems that are adaptable to cell lines isolated from other species.

Clinical value of serum cystatin C measurements in patients with HBV related acute-on-chronic liver failure / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

Objective@#To study the clinical value of serum cystatin C, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9/NGAL-1 measurements for early diagnosis of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF).@*Methods@#This study included 102 patients with hepatitis B virus related ACLF and 31 patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) were enrolled as controls. Biomarkers including serum cystatin C, NGAL and MMP-9/NGAL-1 were measured twice in the patients with ACLF at admission and at the time progressed to AKI and once in the controls.@*Results@#In patients with ACLF, serum cystatin C levels was higher than that of the CHB control (t=3.609, P=0.000), whereas NGAL and MMP-9/NGAL-1 levels were lower in patients with ACLF than that of CHB controls (t=3.016, P=0.003; t=7.514, P=0.000, respectively). Thirty-three patients (32.4%) progressed to AKI during hospitalization period. In AKI group of the patients serum cystatin C levels was higher than that of non-AKI group of the patents (t=4.543, P=0.000). MMP-9/ NGAL-1 and NGAL levels were not different in patients with and without AKI (t=0.905, P=0.368; t=0.061, P=0.952). Serum cystatin C in patients with mild AKI (serum creatinine<1.5 mg/dl) and AKI serum creatinine>1.5 mg/dl were 33.59± 9.19 ng/ml and 43.32±9.02 ng/ml respectively. That was higher than that of non-AKI patients (27.94±7.93 ng/ml, P=0.022, 0.000, respectively). Serum cystatin C was the independent risk factors associated with development of AKI by a multivariate logistic regression in patients with ACLF.@*Conclusions@#Serum cystatin C measurement may contribute to more earlier diagnosis of AKI even in patients with S. creatinine<1.5 mg/dl. NGAL and MMP-9/NGAL-1 may be the biomarker of progress for ACLF.

Long-term outcomes and prognostic risk factors in patients recovered from hepatitis B virus related acute-on-chronic liver failure / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

Objective@#To study the long-term prognosis of the convalescent patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV) associated acute-on-chronic liver failure (HBV-ACLF).@*Methods@#A 72-month follow-up study of HBV-ACLF recovery patients recruited between January 2005 and December 2009 was performed in our hospital. According to the results of imaging examination at the first visit, the enrolled patients were divided into two groups, the liver cirrhosis ACLF (Lc-ACLF) group and chronic hepatitis B related ACLF (CHB-ACLF) group. In both groups, the occurrence of cirrhosis, decompensated cirrhosis or ACLF and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were observed.@*Results@#The media time of cirrhosis formation, decompensated cirrhosis and HCC occurrence in CHB-ACLF group were 12.5, 23 and 43 months, respectively. However, the median time of LC-ACLF patients developing to decompensated cirrhosis and HCC were 7 and 14 months, which was significantly shorter than that in CHB-ACLF group (P=0.009, 0.040, with statistical significance). Furthermore, the blood chemical parameters including serum albumin (ALB), cholinesterase (CHE) and total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), as well as platelet count (PLT), the anti-viral treatment compliance and the virus mutation were significantly related to the clinical endpoint events, respectively (P<0.05). Moreover, results from the logistic regression model demonstrated that the patient age, with or without liver cirrhosis, HBV mutation and the anti-viral treatment compliance were the independent risk factors for the long-term prognosis of patients with hepatitis B associated liver failure (OR=1.035, 0.510, 2.462, respectively. P< 0.05). The cumulative risk of Lc-ACLF patients progressed to decompensate cirrhosis, acute-on-chronic liver failure or HCC was significantly higher than that of CHB-ACLF patients (χ2=21.603, 4.423, P=0.000, 0.035, respectively).@*Conclusions@#Considering the importance of patients with or without liver cirrhosis, HBV mutation and the anti-viral treatment compliance in the long-term prognosis of HBV-ACLF patients, it is necessary and important to monitor the virus mutation and anti-viral treatment compliance of HBV- ACLF patients during antiviral therapy and those processes would benefit the improvement of long term prognosis of the patients with ACLF.

Clinical characteristics of reperfusion arrhythmia during direct percutaneous coronary intervention in ;AMI patients and its influence on prognosis / 心血管康复医学杂志

Objective:To explore clinical characteristics of reperfusion arrhythmia (RA) during direct percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI ) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI ) and its influence on prognosis . Methods :Clinical data of 180 AMI patients undergoing direct PCI in our hospital from Jan 2013 to Dec 2014 were retrospectively analyzed .Results:RA rate in 112 patients was 62.22% and it's correlated with age (r=0.614 ,P=0.026) ,the age is more older ,the RA rate is more higher .Compared with multi -vessel coronary disease patients , there was significant rise in incidence rate of RA (48.33% vs .69.17% , P=0.021) in single -vessel disease pa‐tients ;compared with left anterior descending group and left circumflex group ,there was significant rise in inci‐dence rate of RA (61.67% vs .53.33% vs .71.67% ) in right coronary artery group ,and there was significant difference between any two groups , P0.05 all .Conclusion:The occurrence of reperfusion arrhythmia in patients with acute myocardial infarction during direct percutaneous coronary intervention is associat‐ed with number of diseased vessels ,infarct vascular type and coronary recanalization time .

Clinical efficacy of direct-acting antiviral agents in treatment of patients with hepatitis C recurrence after liver transplantation / 临床肝胆病杂志

ObjectiveTo observe the clinical effect and safety of direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs) in patients with hepatitis C recurrence after liver transplantation. MethodsFifteen patients who received liver transplantation in 302 Hospital of PLA from December 2014 to May 2015 were selected, and after treatment, the HCV RNA-positive patients were treated with DAAs. The patients with genotype 1b were treated with Harvoni (sofosbuvir 400 mg/d + ledipasvir 90 mg/d) or sofosbuvir 400 mg/d + daclatasvir 60 mg/d, and those with genotype 2a were treated with sofosbuvir 400 mg/d + ribavirin 900mg/d. The course of treatment was 12 weeks. The changes in clinical symptoms and signs and laboratory markers including routine blood test, liver function, and HCV RNA quantification were observed regularly. ResultsAmong the 15 patients with hepatitis C recurrence after liver transplantation, 14 achieved HCV RNA clearance within 1-4 weeks, and the shortest time to clearance was 5 days; one patient had a HCV RNA level of 5.6×10 IU/ml at week 4. At month 12 of treatment, all the patients achieved HCV RNA clearance, and at the end of treatment, all the patients achieved virologic response. At present, 14 patients had achieved sustained virologic response for 12 weeks, and the other patients were still in the follow-up stage; at present, 3 patients had achieved sustained virologic response for 24 weeks, and the other 12 patients were still in the follow-up stage. Side effects of the treatment were mainly headache (1 case), weakness (5 cases), and arthralgia (1 case). ConclusionDAAs can be used in the treatment of patients with hepatitis C recurrence after liver transplantation with minor side effects, tolerance, and definite curative effect. Long-term sustained virologic response requires further observation.

Clinical characteristics of 4132 patients with alcoholic liver disease / 中华肝脏病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the clinical characteristics of patients with alcoholic liver disease (ALD).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The records of the 302 Hospital of People's Liberation Army (Beijing, China) were searched to identify patients diagnosed with liver disease for retrospective analysis of ALD. Measurement data was summarized as mean +/- standard deviation and intergroup comparisons were made using ANOVA; count data was assessed using the chi-square test.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among the total 4132 ALD cases, 97.68% were male and 2.32% were female; ages ranged from 18 to 95 years-old,with the average age being 48.11+/-10.58 years and the range of 40 to 60 years-old being the most frequently represented.Considering all patients with liver disease from 2003 to 2012,ALD cases increased over time (from 2.00% in 2003 to 5.05% in 2012). The overall ALD cases were represented by alcoholic cirrhosis (70.35%), alcoholic hepatitis (19.26%), alcoholic fatty liver (6.29%), and alcoholic liver failure (4.09%). Among the ALD patients between 40 and 60 years of age, 73.81% had cirrhosis,compared to 50.42% of ALD patients less than 40 years-old (P less than 0.001). Comparison of ALD cases in 5-year increments showed increasing trends in rates of alcoholic cirrhosis and alcoholic hepatic failure;moreover, there was an increasing annual trend in the percentage of alcoholic liver failure cases among the total cases of liver failure in our hospital.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>From 2003 to 2012,our hospital admissions increased for patients with alcoholic liver disease, and the patients were primarily in the age range of 40-60 years-old. In general, incidences of alcoholic liver failure and cirrhosis increased in recent years, and cirrhosis has been common among the elderly patients with ALD.</p>

Therapeutic Observation of Bloodletting Therapy plus Cupping for Common Cold Due to Wind-heat / 上海针灸杂志

ObjectiveTo observe the defervesce effect of bloodletting plus puncturing and cupping treatment in treating common cold due to wind-heat.MethodSixty-two patients with fever due to external contraction were randomized into a treatment group of 30 cases and a control group of 32 cases. The control group was intervened by muscular injection of Antodin plus oral administration ofQing Kai Linggranules 3 g, three times a day; the treatment group was by cupping and bloodletting at Dazhui (GV14) and Feishu (BL13), bloodletting at Shaoshang (LU11) and Shangyang (LI1), and cupping at back in addition to the intervention given to the control group. The clinical efficacy, treatment acting time (body temperature decreased by 0.5℃) and defervesce time were observed. ResultIn the treatment group, the acting time and defervesce time were respectively (6.11±2.18)h and (27.11±10.84)h, and total effective rate was 93.4%; in the control group, the acting time and defervesce time were respectively(14.31±5.43)h and (39.14±13.45)h, and total effective rate was 84.4%, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05).Conclusion Acupoint bloodletting plus bloodletting-cupping method can produce a significant defervesce effect in treating common cold due to wind-heat.

Establishment of a real-time quantitative RT-PCR assay for rapid detection of hepatitis E virus in serum / 国际检验医学杂志

Objective To establish a method for the rapid detection of hepatitis E virus (HEV)from serum samples based on fluorescence quantitative PCR.Methods (1 )One-hundred HEV sequences including our country popular three major genotypes were obtained from the GeneBank with the Vector NTI software.The proper sequence was selected to design and synthesize the primers of the fluorescence quantitation and the Taqman probe.(2)The amplification region PCR fragment was transcribed in vitro to synthesize cRNA standard,at the same time the trace serum virus lysate was introduced into a universal real-time TaqMan PCR assay.(3)10 clinical serum samples were collected from the patients with clinical hepatitis E and detected by using the established method for further verifying this method.Results This detection technique could effectively detect the serum samples in the pa-tients with genotype I and genotype IV hepatitis E positive,while the serum detection in the patients with other virus infectious dis-eases had the negative results,which verified that this RT-PCR detection technique had higher specificity and good reliability.The detection results from 10 clinical serum samples further verified that this method was rapid,convenient and sensitive with good re-peatability.Conclusion A fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR detection technique suitable for detecting main genotypes of HEV in China population is established,which can meet the demand of early and rapid diagnosis for HEV.

Expert investigation of nurse core competence and nursing core curriculum / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To measure core competence of nurses by expert investigation in order to set nursing undergraduate core curriculums which matches nurse core competence.Methods 162 experts were followed with questionnaire survey and data were analyzed using cluster sampling method.Results Experts suggested that 18 core curriculums played an important role in raising nurse core competence.Conclusions Expert opinions about raising nurse core competence and offering nursing undergraduate core curriculum are intensive,study results are credible extremely,and the study offers objective evidence for making the civil standards of undergraduate nursing education.

The value of the baseline MELD scores, MELD-Na scores and iMELD scores in short-tern prognosis in hepatitis B virus related acute-on-chronic liver failure patients / 中华危重病急救医学

Objective To explore the function of the baseline model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) scores,MELD-Na scores and iMELD scores in short-term prognosis in the initial treatment of hepatitis B virus (HBV) related acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) patients.Methods 232 HBV-related ACLF patients who received initial treatment in 302 Military Hospital of China from January 2011 to January 2013 were enrolled in this prospective clinical follow-up.The relationship between the baseline MELD scores,MELD-Na scores,iMELD scores and clinical outcomes were analyzed,and the value of these three models for short term prognosis was assessed.Results Finally the 12-week clinical follow-up was completed in 191 patients,with the completion rate of 82.33％.Eighty-five patients died,with the fatality rate of 44.50％.Compared with the survival group,in non-survival group,the baseline of MELD scores (26.65 ± 7.75 vs.21.19 ± 5.42,t=-5.720,P=0.000),MELD-Na scores (29.16 ± 11.35 vs.21.72 ± 6.33,t=-5.729,P=0.000),iMELD scores (47.19 ± 10.96 vs.38.02 ±7.01,t=-7.011,P=0.000),total bilirubin [TBil (μmol/L):374.3 ± 150.1 vs.305.5 ± 147.1,t=-3.182,P=0.002],creatinine [Cr (μmol/L):110.7 ±90.1 vs.71.1 ± 35.1,t=-4.157,P=0.000] and international normalized ratio (INR:2.3 ± 0.9 vs.2.0 ± 0.6,t=-2.754,P=0.006) were significantly increased,but the baseline of serum Na+ (mmol/L:132.8 ± 6.1 vs.136.7 ± 5.1,t=4.861,P=0.000) was significantly lowered.It was shown by Spearman correlation analysis thai the baseline MELD scores,MELD-Na scores and iMELD scores all had positive correlation with the short-term prognosis of patients (r value was 0.398,0.404,and 0.470,respectively,all P=0.000),the baseline of serum Na+ had a negative correlation with the short-term prognosis of patients (r=-0.365,P=0.000).It was shown by receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve) that the cut-off scores of the baseline of MELD scores,MELD-Na scores and iMELD scores were 25.07,25.43 and 43.11 respectively,and the area under ROC curve (AUC) of the baseline of MELD scores,MELD-Na scores and iMELD scores were 0.731,0.735 and 0.773,respectively.The sensitivity of the three models was 55.3％,57.7％,63.5％,and the specificity was 84.9％,84.0％,84.9％ respectively.The value of the three models had no difference in short-term prognostic prediction.According to the respective cut-off score,the three prediction models were divided into four groups,and all of them had differences in fatality rate on the whole (x2 for MELD scores was 34.740,P=0.000; x2 for MELD-Na scores was 36.861,P=0.000; x2 for iMELD scores was 50.127,P=0.000).The mortality was elevated gradually as the equation scores increased.Conclusion The baseline of MELD scores,MELD-Na scores and iMELD scores can predict well the short-term prognosis of the initial treatment in HBV-related ACLF patients,and have relatively good clinical value for guiding therapy.

Application of computer-controlled local anesthetic delivery system in children / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the reaction of children receiving computer-controlled local anesthetic delivery system (CCLADS) and a conventional syringe, and evaluate the efficacy of anesthesia and the reaction after treatment.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>30 children aged 4 to 9 years old, whose bilateral primary molars in the same jaw present similar lesions with similar treatment were included in the study. These bilateral primary molars were treated under local anesthesia in 2 separate visits with random use of either the CCLADS or conventional syringe. For the first visit, the first group received CCLADS anesthesia, in which buccal infiltration anesthesia was performed for maxillary primary molars, and periodontal ligament anesthesia was performed for mandibular primary molars. The second group received conventional anesthesia, in which buccal infiltration anesthesia was performed for both maxillary and mandibular primary molars. For the second visit, two groups used alternative anesthestic method. Pain behavior was observed and scored by modified-children's hospital of eastern ontario pain scale (MCHEOPS). Pain perception was rated using facial image scale (FIS).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The MCHEOPS and FIS scores in 1 min injection of children with CCLADS were lower than children with conventional syringe (P<0.05). No difference was found in the FIS score in treatment between two injectors (P>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>In local anesthesia, CCLADS can reduce the injection pain caused by conventional syringe to a certain extent.</p>

Simultaneous Determination of Three Sulfonamides Residues in Vegetable by High Performance Liquid Chromatographic Method with Fluorimetric Detection / 分析化学

A high performance liquid chromatographic method with fluorimetric detector was developed for the simultaneous determination of three sulfonamides in vegetable samples. Vegetable samples were extracted with methanol for three times, and then the combined extracts were evaporated to dryness under reduced pressure at 45 ℃. The residue was dissolved in 0.1 mol/L HCl and the analytes were derivatized with fluorescamine. The chromatographic separation was performed on an ODS column with a gradient elution program using mobile phases based on mixtures of acetonitrile and 0.5% acetic acid aqueous solution. The derivatized compounds were detected with fluorimetric detector. The limit of detection was 1.02-1.29 μg/L and the limit of quantification was 3.4-4.3 μg/kg(fresh weight, F.W.) for three sulfonamides in vegetable. The average recoveries were higher than 87%, inter and intra RSDs were lower than 10% for all samples spiked with 0.2-1.0 μg/g of sulfonamides. The proposed method has been applied to the analysis of vegetables sold in Hefei markets. The result indicated that 3 SAs were found at different degree in the practical vegetable samples with the total concentrations between 0.0726-0.3709 μg/g(F.W.).

The effect of triamcinolone acetonide by single intravitreous injection or repeatedly sub-Tenoninfusion on relieving diabetic macular oedema / 眼科

Objective To study the efficacy of intravitreous injection (IVI) or sub-Tenaninfusion (STi) of triamcinolone acetonide (TA) for diabetic macular oedema. Design Retrospective cases series. Participants 37 cases (37 eyes) with diabetic macular oedema confirmed by fundus fluorescence angiography (FFA) and optical coherence tomography (OCT). Methods Patients were received 4mg TA by single intravitreous injection or 40mg TA by three times sub-Tenoninfusion at 0d, 2w, 4w. The best corrected visual acuity, fundus examination, intraocular pressure, fundus fluorescence angiography were further analyzed, and the retinal thickness of macular fovea were measured by OCT. Main Outcome Measures The visual acuity, thickness of retinal macular fovea, ocular pressure was measured. Results 32 cases (32 eyes) completed the 24 week followed-up. In group IVI, the visual acuity before and after injection was 0.10±0. 03, 0.24±0.06(F=15.459, P=0.000) respectively; and retinal thickness of macular fovea is(460.73±46.33)μm,(394.53±41.43)μm (F=25. 282, P=0.0000) respectively. But in group STi, the visual acuity before and after injection is 0.11±0.04, 0.18±0.07(F=6.989, P=0.000) accordingly; and retinal thickness of maculur fovea is (454.76±56.28)μm,(424.94±42.69)μm (F=5.145, P=0.000) respectively. There was obvious statistical significance between two methods at same time point(all P<0.05). The serious, irreversible complications had not been found in all patients during follow-up. Conclusion Triamcinolone acetonide by single intravitreous injection or repeatedly sub-Tenoninfasion are good ways to relieve diabetic macular oederna, IVA-TA is more effective, and STi-TA safer. (Ophthaimol CHN, 2009, 18: 246-250)

Effects of Haikangling Mixture,a Traditional Chinese Medicine on Immunological Function in Immunosuppressed Mice / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To explore the effects of Haikangling Mixture on immunological function in immunosuppressed mice induced by cyclophosphamide. METHODS: Mice were given Haikangling Mixture intragastrically for 14d, and the level of hemolysin was determined by sheep erythrocyte (SRBC) immunization to exploer the influence of Haikangling on humoral immunity in mice; splenic lymphocytes were measured by MTT to observe the influence on cell immunity; the clearance of macrophage were measured by carbon particle clearance method to explore the influence on non-specificity immunity. RESULTS: The level of hemolysin, the cell reproductive activity, splenic lymphocytes and the phagotrophy of mononuclear macrophage were improved obviously by Haikangling Mixture in immunosuppressed mice induced by cyclophosphamide. CONCLUSION: Haikangling Mixture can enhance the immunological function in immunosuppressed mice induced by cyclophosphamide.