Study on risk factors of screening myopia among primary and middle school students in Hainan Province in 2021 / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To analyze the screening myopia status and risk assessment of influencing factors among primary and secondary school students in Hainan Province in 2021, so as to providea reference for formulating myopia prevention and control intervention strategies and measures of school in Hainan Province.@*Methods@#According to the requirements of the national project monitoring plan, the stratified cluster random sampling method was used to investigate the myopia screening and related influencing factors in 5 monitoring points of common diseases monitoring of students in Hainan Province from September to December 2021, and 12 075 valid questionnaires were obtained for analysis. Using stratified random method, all samples were divided into training data set and test data set according to the ratio of 7∶3, and regression analysis was conducted to verify the robustness of the results.@*Results@#In 2021, the screening myopia detection rate of primary and secondary school students in Hainan Province was 44.3%, among which the screening myopia detection rate of students in the middle and good districts was higher (53.5%), that of students in urban areas (52.6%) was higher than that of students in suburban counties (34.9%), and that of girls (51.7%) was higher than that of boys ( 37.3% ). The detection rate of Han students (47.7%) was higher than that of ethnic minorities, and the difference between groups was statistically significant( χ 2=152.71, 378.77, 167.81, 251.94, P <0.01); The detection rate of screening myopia increased with the increase of the school level( χ 2=1 421.66, P <0.01). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the results of the two sets of data were consistent, and being in a higher grade, daily frequency of eye exercises <2 times, poor habit of short distance use of eyes (lying or lying on the stomach reading or watching electronic screen), having one or both parents with myopia were positively correlated with screening myopia( P <0.05). For boys, time spent doing homework/reading and writing after school every day <2 h, time spent using mobile electronic devices per day <1 h, students with 1 h and daily sleep duration≥9 h were negatively correlated with the incidence of screening myopia( P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#The risk of screening myopia increases with the increase of school age in Hainan, and relevant departments should strengthen targeted intervention and prevention for students with high risk of screening myopia.

Progress on the role of the RARα regulating homeostatic synaptic plasticity in the pathogenesis of autism spectrum disorders / 国际儿科学杂志

Autism spectrum disorders(ASD)is an important disease in children′s neuropsychic development disorder.The incidence rate is increasing now, which brings heavy burden to family and society.Functional studies of ASD related different single gene mutation models have showed that these overlapping phenotypes shared the common mechanism of the homeostatic synaptic plasticity impairment.Retinoic acid receptor α(RARα)regulate synaptic plasticity of the nervous system in both directions, through glutamate receptor subunit 1(GluR1)translation and RARα/mTOR signaling pathway, and affect the integration of sensory information and situational adaptive learning, and then affect the learning and memory function and neural synaptic signal network through the growth of dendritic spines.These researches suggest that RARα may work as a potential drug target for ASD, playing an important role in stable regulation of homeostatic synaptic plasticity, which is helpful for molecular typing accurate diagnosis and treatment of ASD.

Magnetic resonance imaging manifestations and pathological features of primary ovarian leiomyoma in four cases / 中国基层医药

Objective:To investigate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of primary ovarian leiomyoma (POL) and improve the understanding of the disease.Methods:The clinical data of four cases of POL confirmed by surgical pathology who received treatment in Huadu District People's Hospital between September 2006 and August 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. MRI manifestations and pathological features of POL were analyzed.Results:In four cases, POL occurred in unilateral ovarium and appeared to be a single quasi round mass with complete capsule and clear boundary. A solid mass was observed in three cases and a cystic solid mass in one case. Subcapsular effusion was observed in three cases with a relatively large tumor body. Typical MRI findings were iso-intensity or slight hypo-intensity signal on T 1WI, hypo-intensity signal on T 2WI and diffusion-weighted images. The solid part on enhanced scan was enhanced synchronously with the uterus. Atypical T 2WI findings included cystic changes as shown by varying degrees of hyper-intensity signal, and the cystic change area was not enhanced. The internal signal and pathological features of POL were similar to those of uterine leiomyoma. Conclusion:The research results are highly innovative and scientific. MRI is of great significance in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of POL.

The expression of Smac and survivin in sinonasal inverted papilloma / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the expression of Smac(second mitochondria-derived activator of caspase)and survivin on the growth, development, recurrence and carcinogenesis of the sinonasal inverted papilloma(NIP).@*METHOD@#Immunohistochemical method was used to detective the expression of Smac and survivin in 10 cases of (nasal cavity mucosae, NM), 45 cases of NIP. The NIP group including 25 cases of NIP without dysplasia, 11 cases of NIP with dysplasia, and 9 cases of NIP with malignant transformation to squamous cell carcinoma(SCC).@*RESULT@#The intensity of the positive expression of Smac in NIP was lower than NM, the intensity of the positive expression decreased with the decreasing degree of histological differentiation. There was significantly difference between NIP without dysplasia and SCC. The expression of survivin was negative in the control group, the expression intensity of NIP was enhanced. The degree of histological differentiation was lower, the intensity of the positive expression was higher. The expression between NIP without dysplasia and SCC had significantly differences. Smac negatively correlated with survivin(rs = -0.403, P<0.01).@*CONCLUSION@#Smac and survivin were associated with the growth and carcinogenesis of NIP.

The expression and significance of smac, XIAP, caspase-3 in nonnasal inverted papilloma / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the expression and significance of second mitochondria derived activator of caspase (Smac), X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP)and cysteine containing aspartate specific protease 3 (caspase-3) in the growth, development and carcinogenesis of the nonnasal inverted papilloma (NIP).@*METHOD@#Immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expression of Smac, XIAP, caspase-3 in 10 cases of nasal cavity mucosae (NM) and 45 cases of NIP, the group of NIP including 25 cases of NIP without dysplasia, 11 cases of NIP with dysplasia, and 9 cases of NIP with malignant transformation to squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).@*RESULT@#The intensity of the positive expression of Smac, Caspase-3 in NIP were lower than NM, the intensity of the positive expression decreased with the decreasing degree of histological differentiation. There was a significant difference between NIP without dysplasia and SCC. It was presented with a progressive tendency for the expression of XIAP in the group of NM and NIP. The lower degree of histological differentiation, the higher intensity of the positive expression. The expression between NIP without dysplasia and SCC had a significant difference. Smac negatively correlated with XIAP (r(s) = -0.323, P < 0.05), XIAP negatively correlated with caspase-3 (r(s) = -0.408, P < 0.01), Smac positively correlated with caspase 3 (r(s) = 0.424, P < 0.01).@*CONCLUSION@#Smac, XIAP, caspase 3 might be associated with the growth and carcinogenesis of NIP.

Microembolic signals and outcome in patients with acute ischemic stroke: a prospective case series study / 国际脑血管病杂志

Objective To investigate the correlation of microembolic signals (MES) and outcome in patients with acute ischemic stroke.Methods The patients with acute ischemic stroke were enrolled in the study.The MES of middle cerebral artery was monitored dynamically using transcranial color Doppler ultrasound.The early lesions of ischemic stroke were evaluated by MRI.The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) was used to evaluate neurological deficits.The modified Rankin scale was used to evaluate the outcome,and the stroke recurrence was recorded.Results A total of 135 patients with acute ischemic stroke were enrolled,in which,33 were cardiogenic cerebral embolism,49 were large artery atherosclerotic stroke,24 were small arterial occlusive stroke,and 29 were other clear causes or cryptogenic stroke.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that coronary heart disease (odds ratio [OR],5.862,95％ confidence interval [CI] 2.008-17.114; P =0.000) was the independent risk factor for positive MES within 48 hours after stroke onset,while the history of antithrombotic treatment (OR 0.376,95％ CI 0.141-0.998; P =0.045) was its independent protective factor.In addition,coronary heart disease (OR 4.879,95％ CI 1.257-18.939; P =0.033),hypertension (OR 4.958,95％ CI 1.029-23.882; P =0.030),and diabetes (OR 3.659,95％ CI 1.027-13.034; P =0.050) were the independent risk factors for positive MES within 1 week after stroke onset.The NIHSS scores of the patients of the positive MES at baseline and 1 week and the clinical outcome at 3 months had no significant differences with the patients of negative MES,however,stroke recurrence and deaths increased significantly (P =0.019).Conclusions MES within 48 hours of onset was not associated with the outcome in patients with acute ischemic stroke at 3 months,however,the incidence of endpoint events such as recurrence and death was significantly higher in patients of positive MES within 3 months.

The study of clonidine on the patients in PACU / 中国耳鼻咽喉头颈外科

OBJECTIVE To study the influenceof clonidine on the hemadynamics and plasma catecholamine of the postoperative patients in PACU. METHODS Twenty eight patients suffered from severe OSAHS who underwent modified UPPP and monitored in the PACU after operation were divided randomly into two groups:clonidine group and control group. Both group received the same protocol of sedation and analgesia. Patients in clonidine group received clonidine 3ug/kg injected slowly when entered the PACU,and patients in control group received same volume of NS. Esmolol and Nitroglycerin were used to adjust the hemadynamics. The changing of hemadynamics was recorded,blood samples were taken before operation,2 hours after entering PACU,before discharge from PACU to determine the changing of plasma catecholamine. RESULTS The hemadynamics was more stable in clonidine group than that in control group and less vasoactive agents were needed. The plasma catecholamine was much lower in clonidine group 2 hours after entering PACU and before discharge from PACU than that in control group. CONCLUSION Clonidine could be administered to stabilize the hemadinamics,to lower the level of stress hormone and could improve the recovery of the patients.