Identification of occupational hazards and analysis of prevention and control measures in a cigarette factory / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To identify occupational hazard factors and determine the critical control points in a cigarette factory, to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of prevention and control measures, and to put forward suggestions. Methods The occupational health survey combined with field detection was used to identify and analyze the occupational hazards in the workplace of a cigarette factory in Shandong Province. Results The occupational hazard factors in the cigarette factory were tobacco dust，other dusts，phosphine，methane, carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide, chlorine, high temperature, power frequency electric field and noise. Except noise, other occupational hazard factors were within occupational exposure limits. The detection results of noise were 76.7~88.9 dB(A)，and the over standard rate was 24%. Conclusion The protective facilities and measures to control the level of dust and chemical poisons in the cigarette factory are feasible and effective. As the key control points of noise, it is necessary to further improve and optimize the anti-noise facilities and measures according to the key control points of occupational hazard factors to strengthen personal protection and prevent the occurrence of occupational diseases.

Study on occupational exposure characteristics of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in workers of Carbon Enterprises / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective@#To investigate the characteristics of occupational exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the workplace and for various types of work in a carbon enterprise based on the measurement data of various components of PAHs in the air from the workplace of the carbon enterprise, and to provide a scientific basis for protection against PAHs in this enterprise.@*Methods@#In July 2017, a carbon enterprise in Shandong Province and its on-duty workers were chosen as subjects. On-site occupational hygiene investigation and high-performance liquid chromatography were used to investigate and determine the presence and concentrations of PAHs in various workshops and various types of work in the enterprise, and toxic equivalent quantity (TEQ) was used to evaluate the carcinogenic level of PAHs.@*Results@#The components of PAHs with relatively high content in the air of the workplace in the carbon enterprise were fluoranthene, pyrene, benzanthracene, X, and benzo[a]pyrene, with mean concentrations of 1 485.66, 864.66, 805.35, 500.08, and 120.88 ng/m3, respectively. There were significant differences between the three workshops in the concentrations of PAHs components (benzo[a]pyrene, benzanthracene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, X, fluoranthene, pyrene, fluorene, indenopyrene, and anthracene) and total TEQ (P<0.05) . The total TEQ of PAHs in the molding workshop was significantly higher than that in other workshops (P<0.05) . There were significant differences between different types of work in the exposure to pyrene and fluoranthene and TEQ (P<0.05) . Shaking-table operators, moving-sieve operators, batching operators, fabric workers, and hot-oil stove workers had higher exposure levels of PAHs. The exposure concentrations of benzo[a]pyrene and benzanthracene were highly correlated with total TEQ.@*Conclusion@#The concentration of PAHs in the working environment of the carbon enterprise is generally higher; benzo[a]pyrene and fluoranthene are the PAHs components against which special protective measures need to be taken; molding workshops are the workshops that are most seriously endangered by PAHs; shaking-table operators are the type of workers needing special protection against PAHs. The occupational hazards of PAHs in the carbon industry cannot be ignored, against which corresponding protective measures should be formulated based on their exposure characteristics.

Percutaneous radiologic gastrostomy for the treatment of dysphagia associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: preliminary results in 51 cases / 介入放射学杂志

Objective To discuss the clinical application of percutaneous radiologic gastrostomy (PRG) in treating dysphagia associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS),and to evaluate its safety and improvement effect on patient's nutritional status in ALS patients with pulmonary insufficiency.Methods The clinical data of 51 ALS patients who received PRG were retrospectively analyzed.The success rate of surgery and postoperative complications were recorded.All patients were regularly followed up,and the longterm complications as well as the one-,3-and 6-month mortality rates after the surgery were documented.The improvement of patient's nutritional status was evaluated.Results PRG was successfully accomplished in all 51 patients,the technical success rate was 100％.Mild postoperative complications occurred in 7 patients (13.73％) and severe massive hemorrhage in one patient (2.0％).After PRG,no signs or symptoms of impaired respiratory function were observed.No death occurred in one month and in 3 months after PRG.Six months after PRG,three patients died(6.8 ％,3/44).One month after PRG,31 patients had an increase in body weight of more than 1 kg,and the mean BMI was increased from preoperative t8.60±2.14 to postoperative 19.27±1.81 (one month after PRG),19.17±1.93 (3 month after PRG) and 18.89±2.33 (6 month after PRG).Conclusion For the performance of PRG no gastroscopy or anesthesia is needed,thus,the risk of aspiration asphyxia can be reduced in ALS patients complicated by pulmonary insufficiency and the success rate as well as the safety can be improved.Therefore,this technique is an effective means to ensure that the ALS patients with pulmonary insufficiency can get adequate energy intake to improve their nutritional status.

Inhibiting Effect of Different Administration Route of Gemcitabine Combined with Cisplatin on A549 Cell Lines / 天津医药

Objective To compare the inhibiting effect on human lung adenocarcinoma who were treated with gem?citabine combined with cisplatin chemotherapy through either arterial or intravenous route to explore the optimum adminis?tration route. Methods Human lung adenocarcinoma derived A549 cells were transplanted into 40 BALB/c-nu mice to es?tablish lung cancer model. The models were divided into 4 groups:animals in arterial or intravenous chemotherapy groups were treated with gemcitabine 150 mg/kg combined with cisplatin 10 mg/kg through either arterial route or intravenous route. Animals in negative control group were given normal saline through caudal vein while animals in sham operation group were treated with normal saline via arterial route. Then dynamical change of tumor volume and tumor inhibiting rate were assessed , and Bcl-2 and Caspase 3 expressions were investigated using western blot. Finally inhibiting effect were compared between these two different administration routes. Results Transplanted tumors in arterial and intravenous che?motherapy groups (especially in arterial group) were suppressed, in terms of mass of tumor(g:1.91±0.19, 2.61±0.21 vs 4.58± 0.46), compared to the control group (P<0.05). Furthermore, tumor inhibiting rates in arterial chemotherapy group and ve?nous chemotherapy group are 57.6%and 42.4%respectively (P<0.05). Expression of Bcl-2 was down regulated while ex?pression of Caspase-3 was up regulated upon both arterial and intravenous chemotherapy. And arterial route showed much more obvious tumor apoptosis effect than venous route. Conclusion Arterial route of gemcitabine combined with cisplatin for lung adenocarcinoma treatment is more effective to restrain the tumor growth in clinical application.

Establishment of nude rat tumor xenograft model of human lung cancer cells A549：its clinical application / 介入放射学杂志

Objective To investigate the method for effective establishment of nude rat tumor xenograft model of human lung cancer cells A549 in order to provide the experimental basis for tumor-related interventional research in vivo. Methods A549 cell lines were subcutaneously transplanted in nude rats, then single-cell suspension or tumor tissue block were prepared when the tumor lesion was established. The single-cell suspension and tumor tissue block were transplanted into subcutaneous tissue behind ear in rats. The tumor formation rate, growth situation and cell cycle of primary xenograft tumor group, the secondary single-cell suspension group and the secondary tumor block group were evaluated. The results were analyzed. Results The tumor formation rate of the secondary tumor block group was significantly higher than that of the other two groups. The tumor cells quickly proliferated with less tumor variation. Tumor cell cycle analysis indicated that G2/M ratio of the secondary tumor block group was remarkably higher than that of the other two groups. Conclusion Transplantation with tumor tissue block can significantly increase the tumor formation rate of human lung cancer cells A549 in experimental rats. This technique is an effective method for the establishment of nude rat tumor xenograft model.

The long-term effects and influence factors analysis of arterial polyvinyl alcohol resin embolization in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer / 中国基层医药

Objective To investigate the long-term effects and risk factors of arterial polyvinyl alcohol resin (PVA) embolization for ⅢB and IV non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC) patient.Methods 126 patients with 1 B or V NSCLC were performed the perfusion with 5-FU,THP,DDP by PVA grain embolization under fluoroscopic control.All patients were followed up.Kaplan-Meier was used to calculate the survival rate and the median survival time,and Cox regression model was adopted to analyze related risk factors which affected curative effect.Results The median survival time was( 11.78 ± 3.24) months and 1 -,2-year survival rate was 39.1 ％,25.59％ in 126 patients with NSCLC.Cox model analysis showed that of the tumor staging,tumor size,location and combination chemotherapy were all independent risk factors of prognosis (all P ＜ 0.01 ).Conclusion Arterial embolization of PVA for treatment of NSCLC is effective.Tumor size,stage,location and combination chemotherapy are associated with prognosis of NSCLC.