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Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of bupivacaine pamoate for sciatic nerve block in rats.Methods:Forty-eight SPF healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 300-400 g, were divided into 6 groups using a random number table method: bupivacaine pamoate vehicle group (group VE), bupivacaine HCl group (group BH), liposomal bupivacaine group (group BL), low-dose bupivacaine pamoate group (group HL), moderate-dose bupivacaine pamoate group (group HM) and high-dose bupivacaine pamoate group (group HH), with 8 animals in each group.In VE, BH, BL, HL, HM and HH groups, bupivacaine pamoate vehicle 0.4 ml, bupivacaine HCl solution 0.4 ml, liposomal bupivacaine suspension 0.4 ml, and 1, 3 and 10 mg/ml bupivacaine pamoate suspension 0.4 ml were injected around the left sciatic nerve, respectively.The thermal paw withdrawal latency were measured before administration (T 0) and at 0.5, 1.5, 3, 5, 8, 12, 16, 24 and 48 h after injection (T 1-9). The percentage of maximum possible effect (MPE) of thermal paw withdrawal latency was calculated, and motor function score was simultaneously performed to evaluate the efficacy of sensory and motor block.Five and three rats in each group were sacrificed at 2 and 7 days after administration (T 9, 10), respectively, and the sciatic nerve at the injection site and the surrounding muscle tissues were harvested for microscopic examination (with a light microscope) after Luxol fast blue and HE staining.Nerve damage and inflammatory responses were assessed and scored to evaluate neurotoxicity. Results:Compared with group VE, the MPE was significantly increased at T 1-4 in group HL, at T 1-8 in group HM and at T 1-8 in group HH, the motor function scores were decreased at T 1-4 in group HL, at T 1-5 in group HM and at T 1-7 in group HH ( P<0.05), and no significant change was found in inflammatory response scores for the sciatic nerve and surrounding muscles at each time point in HL, HM and HH groups ( P>0.05). Compared with group BH, the MPE was significantly increased at T 3-8, motor function scores were decreased at T 3-5, and inflammatory response scores for the muscles around the sciatic nerve were decreased at T 9 in group HM ( P<0.05). Compared with group BL, the MPE was significantly increased at T 3-7, motor function scores were decreased at T 4, 5, and inflammatory response scores for the sciatic nerve and surrounding muscles were decreased at T 9 in group HM ( P<0.05). The nerve damage score was 0 in the six groups. Conclusion:Bupivacaine pamoate can block the sciatic nerve of rats, the duration of block is prolonged with the increase in the concentration, and the duration of motor block is not longer than that of sensory block; compared with the same concentration and equal volume of bupivacaine HCl and liposomal bupivacaine, bupivacaine pamoate produces longer duration of sciatic nerve block and less neurotoxicity.
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OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for simultaneous determination of P-coumaric acid and ferulic acid in the couple of Sparganium stoloni and Curcuma aeruginosa,and to investigate rational proportion of the couple.METHODS:HPLC method was adopted.The determination was performed on Agilent 20RBAX XDB-C18 column with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-0.1％ phosphoric acid (gradient elution) at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min.The detection wavelength was set at 266 nm,and the column temperature was 30 ℃.The sample size was 10 μL RESULTS:The linear ranges of P-coumaric acid and ferulic acid were 4.218 6-21.093 μg/mL(r=0.999 8),1.836 0-9.180 μg/mL(r=0.999 9),respectively.RSDs of precision,stability and reproducibility tests were all lower than 2.0％.The recoveries were 98.72％-100.30％ (RSD=0.18％,n=9),99.11％-100.45％ (RSD=0.46 ％,n =9).Among 4 compatibility proportions of the couple of S.stoloni and C.aeruginosa (1 ∶ 1,2 ∶ 1,1 ∶ 2,1 ∶ 0,m/m),the dis-solution rate of P-coumaric acid and ferulic acid were the highest when the ratio of S.stoloni-C.aeruginosa (m/m)was 2 ∶ 1.CON-CLUSIONS:The method is simple,accurate,stable and reproducible,and can be used for content determination of P-coumaric acid and ferulic acid in the couple of S.stoloni and C.aeruginosa.when the proportion of the couple of S.stoloni and C.aeruginosa is 2∶1 and the contents of P-coumaric and ferulic acid are the highest,the contents of main etfective components are the highest.
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OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for simultaneous determination of P-coumaric acid and ferulic acid in the couple of Sparganium stoloni and Curcuma aeruginosa,and to investigate rational proportion of the couple.METHODS:HPLC method was adopted.The determination was performed on Agilent 20RBAX XDB-C18 column with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-0.1％ phosphoric acid (gradient elution) at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min.The detection wavelength was set at 266 nm,and the column temperature was 30 ℃.The sample size was 10 μL RESULTS:The linear ranges of P-coumaric acid and ferulic acid were 4.218 6-21.093 μg/mL(r=0.999 8),1.836 0-9.180 μg/mL(r=0.999 9),respectively.RSDs of precision,stability and reproducibility tests were all lower than 2.0％.The recoveries were 98.72％-100.30％ (RSD=0.18％,n=9),99.11％-100.45％ (RSD=0.46 ％,n =9).Among 4 compatibility proportions of the couple of S.stoloni and C.aeruginosa (1 ∶ 1,2 ∶ 1,1 ∶ 2,1 ∶ 0,m/m),the dis-solution rate of P-coumaric acid and ferulic acid were the highest when the ratio of S.stoloni-C.aeruginosa (m/m)was 2 ∶ 1.CON-CLUSIONS:The method is simple,accurate,stable and reproducible,and can be used for content determination of P-coumaric acid and ferulic acid in the couple of S.stoloni and C.aeruginosa.when the proportion of the couple of S.stoloni and C.aeruginosa is 2∶1 and the contents of P-coumaric and ferulic acid are the highest,the contents of main etfective components are the highest.
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OBJECTIVE:To observe the efficacy and safety of Shuxuetong injection in the treatment of acute cerebral infarc-tion (ACI). METHODS:110 patients with ACI were randomly divided into control group and observation group. Control group was given mannitol,aspirin,atorvastatin,antidiabetic drugs and other conventional treatment;observation group was additionally given Shuxuetong injection 6 ml adding into 0.9% Sodium chloride solution 250 ml by intravenous infusion,3 times a day. The ef-ficacy in 2 groups was evaluated after 15 d,and the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS)score,neuron specific eno-lase(NSE),high-sensitivity C-reactive protein(hs-CRP)and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)levels before and after treatment and the incidence of adverse reactions in 2 groups were recorded. RESULTS:After treatment,NIHSS score,NSE,hs-CRP and TNF-αin 2 groups were significantly lower than before,and observation group was lower than control group,the differences were statisti-cally significant(P<0.05);total effective rate in observation group was significantly higher than control group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). There was no obvious adverse reactions in 2 groups during treatment. CONCLUSIONS:Based on the conventional treatment,Shuxuetong injection has good efficacy and safety in the treatment of ACI.
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OBJECTIVE:To improve the outpatient pharmacy counseling service.METHODS:The experience of carrying out outpatient pharmacy counseling service in our hospital over the past two years was summarized.RESULTS & CONCLUSION:Due to the practice of outpatient pharmacy counseling service,the rational drug use level in the outpatient pharmacy has been improved,and a satisfactory social benefit was achieved.It is necessary to further evolve the current outpatient pharmacy counseling service system.