Career adaptability and transition shock among nursing students: the mediating role of professional identity / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To investigate the status of transition shock, career adaptation and professional identity among nursing interns, and to explore the mediating effect of professional identity on career adaptation and transition shock.Methods:In February 2022, 500 nursing students from 18 nursing colleges in Henan province and Shaanxi province were selected as the research subjects by convenient sampling method. General data questionnaire, Professional Identity Questionnaire of Nursing Students, Career Adaptability Scale of college students and Chinese version of Transition Impact Assessment Scale of Nursing Undergraduate Interns were used to conduct the questionnaire survey.Results:The career adaptability score of nursing intern was (133.59 ± 22.58); professional identity score was (63.35 ± 14.06); transition impact score was (45.18 ± 10.17). Transition shock was negatively correlated with career adaptation and professional identity ( r=-0.328, -0.484, both P<0.01). Occupational identity had a partial mediating effect on career adaptation and transition shock, accounting for 64.29% of the total effect. Conclusions:The transition shock of nursing interns is at medium level. Nursing educators can reduce the degree of transition shock by improving their professional identity to nursing and their own career adaptation, so as to better adapt to the professional role.

Interpretation for the group standard of Health check-up guide for rural residents / 中华预防医学杂志

With the acceleration of the population aging in China, the health problems and the demands of health services such as health check-up for rural residents should attract the attention of the whole society. The group standard entitled Health check-up guide for rural residents (T/CHAA 005-2019), was written by experienced researchers from Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention and other professional institutes coordinated by Chinese Health Association. The standard aims to establish a service model that takes health information collection as a means, health risk assessment, health risk intervention and information services as the core, improving the health of rural residents as the target.

Analysis on working posture and risk evaluation on musculoskeletal disorders among workers in greenhouse vegetable plantation / 中国职业医学

OBJECTIVE: To identify the poor working posture on musculoskeletal disorders of workers in greenhouse vegetable plantation(hereinafter referred to as “vegetable workers”) in different planting stages, and to evaluate the risk grade of working posture. METHODS: A total of 28 vegetable workers in a greenhouse vegetable planting base in Shandong Province were taken as research subjects using convenient sampling method. Video data were collected from field observation. Working posture analysis system was used to code the working posture of vegetable workers. The composition of working posture was analyzed, and the risk grade of working posture was evaluated. RESULTS: In the planting and seedling period, the main poor working postures of workers were lumbar back leaning forward, legs squatting, lumbar back bending, and legs bending, and the composition ratios were 60.4%, 42.9%, 38.6% and 38.4% respectively. In the management period, the main poor working postures were neck forward, waist back bending, hands higher than elbows, and the composition ratios were 52.0%, 34.2% and 30.0% respectively. In the harvest period, the main poor working postures were neck leaning forward, one hand above elbow, lumbar back bending, walking and lumbar back leaning, and the composition ratios were 50.4%, 42.6%, 39.6%, 39.1% and 35.4% respectively. In the period of planting and seedling, management and harvest, there were 81.6%, 23.4% and 52.9% of the work position in the risk grade Ⅲ; there was 1.4% of the work position in the risk grade Ⅳ in the harvest period. CONCLUSION: Working postures with obvious hazards existed at different planting periods. Effective intervention measures should be taken to prevent the problems of poor working posture in greenhouse workers.

Overview of logistic regression model analysis and application / 中华预防医学杂志

Logistic regression is a kind of multiple regression method to analyze the relationship between a binary outcome or categorical outcome and multiple influencing factors, including multiple logistic regression, conditional logistic regression, polytomous logistic regression, ordinal logistic regression and adjacent categorical logistic regression. This paper illustrates the basic principle, independent variable selection and assignment, applied condition, model evaluation and diagnosis for multiple logistic regression model. Moreover, the principle and application for polytomous logistic regression and ordinal logistic regression models were also introduced. By providing SAS codes and detailed explanations of the result for an example of obesity, readers could be able to better understand logistic regression model, and apply this method correctly to their research and daily work, so as to improve their capacity of the data analysis.

Overview of multivariate regression model analysis and application / 中华预防医学杂志

Analyses of the multivariate regression model are ued very widely in the medical research. Analytical methods of the mutivariate regression model including multiple linear regression, logistic regression, Poisson regression and Cox proportional hazard model were introduced in this article. The contents of the article covered the application conditions of regression models, analytical procedures, strategies of selecting independent variables, extended discussions of regression models and application notes. It is expected that authors could understand the principle of the mutivariate regression model, accurately use these analytical methods in their research, improve the efficiency of data utilization, and enhance the level of statistical analyses.

An overview of multiple linear regression model and its application / 中华预防医学杂志

Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) is a generalization of simple linear regression and is one of the commonly used models in multivariate statistical analysis. This article introduces the MLR model from the perspective of practical application. Four parts, including basic principle, application examples, the application condition and diagnosis, and the extension of the model, are sequentially illustrated in this article. Particularly, in the last part, alternative methods of the model are introduced when the application condition of the model is not met. We sincerely hope that this article could make our audiences have a better understanding of the MLR model in order to improve the efficiency of data utilization and statistical analysis by correctly performing this model in their research.

Prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders and related factors in female greenhouse workers in Shandong province / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To study the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) and related factors in female greenhouse workers.Method A questionnaire survey was conducted among 851 female greenhouse workers in Shandong province in 2015.Results The incidence of MSDs among the female greenhouse workers was 82.79％.For the MSDs in female greenhouse workers,the top four affected body sites were low back (65.82％),knees (49.10％),neck (25.75％) and shoulder (23.47％).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age ≥50 years (OR=2.098,95％CI:1.353-3.252),working years ≥20 (OR=1.703,95％CI:1.116-2.599),repetitive work (OR=1.903,95％CI:1.183-3.061),standing for prolonged time (OR=2.902,95％CI:1.183-7.120) and frequent slightly bending down (OR=2.979,95％ CI:1.823-4.867) were the main risk factors for MSDs in female greenhouse workers.Aiding tools was the protective factor (OR=0.400,95％ CI:0.229-0.697).Conclusions The findings showed a relatively higher prevalence of MSDs in female greenhouse workers.It is necessary to take appropriate measures to prevent and control the incidence of MSDs in female greenhouse workers.

Prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders and related factors in female greenhouse workers in Shandong province / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To study the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) and related factors in female greenhouse workers.Method A questionnaire survey was conducted among 851 female greenhouse workers in Shandong province in 2015.Results The incidence of MSDs among the female greenhouse workers was 82.79％.For the MSDs in female greenhouse workers,the top four affected body sites were low back (65.82％),knees (49.10％),neck (25.75％) and shoulder (23.47％).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age ≥50 years (OR=2.098,95％CI:1.353-3.252),working years ≥20 (OR=1.703,95％CI:1.116-2.599),repetitive work (OR=1.903,95％CI:1.183-3.061),standing for prolonged time (OR=2.902,95％CI:1.183-7.120) and frequent slightly bending down (OR=2.979,95％ CI:1.823-4.867) were the main risk factors for MSDs in female greenhouse workers.Aiding tools was the protective factor (OR=0.400,95％ CI:0.229-0.697).Conclusions The findings showed a relatively higher prevalence of MSDs in female greenhouse workers.It is necessary to take appropriate measures to prevent and control the incidence of MSDs in female greenhouse workers.

The caregiver burden and related factors on quality of life among caregivers for patients with lung cancer / 中华肿瘤杂志

Objective@#To explore the influence of caregiver burden on quality of life among caregivers for patients with lung cancer in Beijing.@*Methods@#From August to October in 2017, 336 caregivers for patients with primary lung cancer from a large tertiary hospital were recruited to this survey by convenient sampling method. The Caregiver Reaction Assessment (CRA) and the WHO Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF) Instruments were used to evaluate the caregiver burden and quality of life. The demographic characteristics were evaluated using Pearson chi-square or Fisher′s exact tests. In addition, using the 4 dimensions of quality of life scale as the dependent variables while the 5 dimensions of caregiver burden and demographic variables as the explanatory variables, we conducted the multiple linear stepwise regression analysis (the defaults were 0.15 for FORWARD and BACKWARD).@*Results@#The scores of family caregivers′ esteem, impact on schedule, impact on finances, impact on health and lack of family support were 4.30±0.47、3.55±0.74、3.10±0.91、2.60±0.78、2.32±0.73, respectively. Regression results showed that demographic factors, including marriage, occupation and relationship with patients and impact on health, caregivers′ esteem and impact on finances dimensions of caregiver burden were the factors which influenced the quality of life of caregivers.@*Conclusions@#The caregiver burden in patients with lung cancer is mainly focused on impact on schedule and finances. Impact on health, finances and caregivers′ esteem (seven items were reverse-scored) are significantly negatively correlated with quality of life of caregivers.

Health economic evaluation reporting guideline and application status / 中华预防医学杂志

Using the guidelines of health economic evaluation reporting is conducive to regulating the contents of this reporting, improving the quality of studies into health economics evaluation. This article summarized the history of the guidelines and specified the instrument used to study " Quality of Health Economic Studies (QHES)" and the checklist about Consolidated Health Economics Evaluation Reporting Standards (CHEERS)-the two specific evaluation contents in this guideline, the article also introduced its present application status of the guideline and its pros and cons. The checklist of CHEERS emphasized the evaluation of this report, while QHES instrument focused on quantitative evaluation on the quality of economic studies. Despite different emphasis, the two guides are actually mutually complemented.

Functions of participatory ergonomics programs in reducing work-related musculoskeletal disorders / 中华流行病学杂志

Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are most commonly seen in all the occupational non-fatal injuries and illnesses for workers,especially those who are involved in labor-intensive industries.Participatory ergonomics is frequently used to prevent musculoskeletal disorders.This paper gives an overview of a historical perspective on the use of participatory ergonomics approach in reducing the health effects of labor-intensive industries.Progress,barriers and facilitators on the organization,implementation and evaluation of participatory ergonomics programs are studied.Participatory ergonomics seems a successful method to develop,prioritize measures to prevent MSDs.Participatory ergonomics can help industries reduce musculoskeletal injuries and disorders,improve workplace condition and promote health conditions of the workers.

Functions of participatory ergonomics programs in reducing work-related musculoskeletal disorders / 中华流行病学杂志

Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are most commonly seen in all the occupational non-fatal injuries and illnesses for workers,especially those who are involved in labor-intensive industries.Participatory ergonomics is frequently used to prevent musculoskeletal disorders.This paper gives an overview of a historical perspective on the use of participatory ergonomics approach in reducing the health effects of labor-intensive industries.Progress,barriers and facilitators on the organization,implementation and evaluation of participatory ergonomics programs are studied.Participatory ergonomics seems a successful method to develop,prioritize measures to prevent MSDs.Participatory ergonomics can help industries reduce musculoskeletal injuries and disorders,improve workplace condition and promote health conditions of the workers.

Basic characteristics of road traffic deaths in China

This study is to report characteristics of people killed in road traffic crashes and to describe major patterns of traffic crashes in China. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were conducted. Road traffic death national data, population denominator data and motor vehicles data of 2009 were obtained from the Bureau of Traffic Management at Ministry of Public Security and National Bureau of Statistics. The association between the fatalities from road traffic crashes and selected demographic factors, the time distribution, crash patterns, crash causes, and road user category were assessed in x[2] analyses. Road traffic crashes in China disproportionably affected the following populations: males, persons 21-65 yr of age and adults aged more than 65 yr, persons living in rural areas, pedestrians, passengers, motorcyclists and bicyclists. Approximately 50% of fatalities of road traffic crash occurred in Eastern regions. The number of road traffic deaths was higher in daytime than in nighttime. Road traffic deaths in frontal crashes, side-to-side crash and crashes with an object or a person were more common than in rear-end crashes. In about 92% of road traffic deaths, auto drivers were believed to be responsible for the fatal crash. Major crash causing factors were speeding, careless driving, driving without a license, driving in the wrong lane, and driving after drinking alcohol. Road traffic deaths accounted for about 70,000 premature deaths in China which should be taken into account

Expression and identification of recombinant Clostridium difficile toxin B using Bacillus megaterium system / 中华传染病杂志

Objective To express and purify recombinant and biologically active Clostridium difficile toxin B (rTcdB). Methods The genes of TcdB were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using chromosomal DNA from a toxigenic strain, and cloned into a shuttle vector pHis1522.The sequences of TcdB genes in the vector were verified by DNA sequencing. The construction was transformed into Bacillus megaterium protoplasts and the protein expression was driven by a xylose promoter. The purified protein was tested for biological activity. Results rTcdB was successfully purified from bacterial crude extracts. Approximately 5-10 mg of highly purified recombinant toxin was obtained from one liter of bacterial culture. The expressed rTcdB had molecular mass similar to the native toxin, and its biological activity was proved to be similar to its native counterpart after an extensive examination. Conclusion rTcdB with biological activities is successfully expressed in Bacillus megaterium.

How to improve the quality of clinical practice of obstetrics and gynecology in new era / 中华医学教育探索杂志

In order to culture the qualified clinicians, we should think about how to improve the quality of clinical practice of obstetrics and gynecology. It is of great importance to emphasize the teachers and students to value the teaching work together. Importance should be attached to the advantage of subject of academy, to make the clinical practice closer to practical, which has a perfect effect and will benefit our work.

The role of CD4+CD25+Foxp3 regulatory T cells in patients with chronic hepatitis B / 中华传染病杂志

Objective To investigate the role of CD4+CD25+Foxp3 regulatory T cells in chronicity of hepatitis B and viral clearance of hepatitis B virus(HBV).Methods Nineteen patients with chronic active hepatitis B(CAH).21 HBV carriers(AsC)and 12 patients with resolved HBV infection and 1 5 healthy controls were enrolled.The frequency and phenotype of peripheral CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T cells were detected by flow cytometry.CD4+CD25+T cells were sorted by magnetic-activated cell sorting(MACS)assay.Level of Foxp3 mRNA in CD4+CD25+T cells was examined by real time polymerase chain reaction(PCR)assay.The data were analyzed by one-way ANoVA or nonparametric statistics.Results Both frequencies of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+T cells and levels of Foxp3 mRNA in CD4+CD25+T ceils in patients with CAH or AsC were significantly higher than those in healthy controls Or resolved HBV infection(F=6.8,F=3.72,respectively;both P<0.05).Accumulation of Foxp3+T cells in liver tissue of CAH patients was higher than that of healthy controls,while that in AsC was lower than CAH.The frequency of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+T cells of hepatitis B e antigen(HBeAg)positive patients(including CAH and AsC)was significantly higher than that of HBeAg negative patients(t=2.3,P<0.05),and that of antFHBe negative patients were significantly higher than anti-HBe positive patients(t=2.4,P<0.05).Furthermore,the frequency of CD4+CD25+Foxp3 regulatory T cells was positively correlated with serum HBV DNA level of patients with chronic hepatitis B(r=0.56,P<0.01).Conclusion The findings have important implication in the understanding of the role of CD4'CD25'regulatory T cells in chronicity and viral clearance in HBV infection.