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Objective:To observe the effect of old RBCs transfusion on cognitive function in rats and the improvement effect of mi -nocycline.Methods: Male SD rats at the age of 6 months were randomly divided into 4 groups.The RBCs were obtained from male rats by centrifuging the total blood and stored at 4℃.The rats of fresh RBCs group (group F) were transfused with the RBCs stored for 1 day.The rats of old RBCs group (group O) were transfused with the RBCs stored for 7 days.The rats of treatment group (group T) received 40 mg· kg-1 minocycline with intraperitoneal injection before the transfusion .The rats of the control group ( group C) were transfused with the normal saline .The brain levels of IL-1βand IL-6 were determined with Quantikine ELISA kits in 24 hours after the blood transfusion (n=6).The rats were subjected to Barnes maze tests after 1 week of the blood transfusion (n=10).Results:The brain levels of IL-1βand IL-6 in group O were higher than those in group C and F (P<0.05), which were lower in group T than those in group O(P<0.05).The rats of group O spent longer time finding the target box than those of group C and F in the Barnes maze (P<0.05), and the time was shorter in group T than that in group O (P<0.05).Conclusion: Old RBCs transfusion plays a role in neuro-inflammation and induces cognitive dysfunction in rats , which may be improved by minocycline .
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Objective To establish a rabbit model of acute lung injury induced by one-lung ventilation (OLV) .Methods Sixteen New Zealand white rabbits weighing 2.3-2.7 kg were randomly divided into 2 groups (n=8 each):conventional tidal volume(VT) group (group Ⅰ) and high VT group (group Ⅱ).All the rabbits were tracheostomized and a tracheal tube was inserted into the right bronchus for right lung ventilation in the two groups. VT was set at 6 ml/kg in group Ⅰ and at 12 ml/kg in group Ⅱ and the other ventilatory parameters were the same in the two groups (FiO2 50% , RR 40 bpm, I∶E=1∶2). Immediately before OLV(T0) and at 1, 2 and 3 h of OLV (T1-3), peak airway pressure was measured and arterial blood samples were taken for blood gas analysis and oxygenation index (OI) was calculated. The animals were sacrificed at 3 h of OLV and lung tissues obtained for microscopic examination.The lung injury was scored. W/D lung weight ratio was calculated. Bron-choalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected for measurement of protein concentrations and neutrophil counts. Results The peak airway pressure was significantly higher at T1-3 in group Ⅱ and OI was significantly lower at T2,3 in the two groups than those at T0(P＜0.05) .W/D lung weight ratio and lung injury scores of the right lung were significantly lower than those of the left lung in the two groups(P＜0.05).The peak airway pressure was significantly higher at T1-3, OI was significantly lower at T3, and W/D lung weight ratio, protein concentrations and neutrophil counts in BALF and lung injury scores of the right lung were significantly higher in group Ⅱ than in group Ⅰ(P＜0.05). Conclusion OLV with VT of 12 ml/kg for 3 h can successfully establish a rabbit model of acute lung injury.
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Objective To investigate the influence of acute hypervolemic hemodilution (AHH) on pharmacodaynamics of cisatracurium in patients undergoing general anesthesia. Methods Sixty ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients aged 18-60 yr scheduled for major abdominal surgery under general anesthesia were randomly allocated into 2 groups (n = 30 each): control group and AHH group. Each group was further divided into 3 subgroups according to the initial dose of cisatracurium (30, 40, 50 μg/kg) . The radial artery and right internal jugular vein were cannulated. BP, HR, CVP, SpO_2, P_(ET) CO_2 and body temperature were continuously monitored. The response of left adductor pollicis muscle to TOF stimulation of ulna nerve was monitored using TOF- Watch~R SX (Organon). Both groups received 10 ml/kg multiple electrolyte solution (plasma-Lyte A) during induction of anesthesia. In group AHH 15 ml/kg 6% hydroxyethyl starch (HES) 130/0.4 solution was infused via internal jugular vein over 30-40 min in addition to plasma-Lyte A. Five minutes after completion of plasma-Lyte A or HES, cisatracurium 30, 40 or SO fig/kg was injected iv in the respective subgroups. After the maximal T_1 block was achieved, the second dose was given to reach a total dose of 100 μg/kg. The onset time, duration of clinical action, total duration of action and recovery index were recorded. The doses for 50% , 90% and 95% T_1 depression (ED_(50), ED_(90), ED_(95)) were calculated by Probit method. Results The ED_(50), ED_(90), ED_(95) of cisatracurium were significantly higher in AHH group than in control group. The onset time of cisatracurium was significantly longer but clinical and total duration of action was significantly shorter in AHH group than in control group. There was no significant difference in recovery index between the two groups. Conclusion AHH can decrease the potency of cisatracurium.
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Objective To evaluate the effect of clonidine added to ropivacaine for epidural anesthesia. Methods Sixty ASA Ⅰ - Ⅱ patients aged 24-62 yr, weighing 50-76 kg, scheduled for elective gynecological surgery under epidural anesthesia were randomly assigned to one of four equal groups of 15 patients each, according to the dose of clonidine added to ropivacaine solution: group 1 (R) received no clonidine and served as control; group 2-4 in which clonidine 50, 100 or 150 ug was added to 0.75% ropivacaine 25 ml (R-C 50, R-C 100, R-C 150). Epidural anesthesia was performed at L2-3. Epidural catheter was inserted into epidural space and advanced in cephalad direction for 3.5 cm. Ropivacaine solution was prepared and provided by a specially designated person. A test dose of 5 ml of ropivacaine was given. 5 min later when epidural placement of catheter was confirmed, the rest 20 ml of ropivacaine was given in fractions of 5 ml every 2-3 min. At the beginning of operation midazolam 2.5-3.5 mg was given iv. During operation if the patient felt uncomfortable when viscera were being pulled, ketamine 0.5 mg? kg-1 was given iv. The onset and duration of analgesia, the height of black, the degree of motor block as well as adverse effects were recorded. Results The onset time of motor block was significantly shorter, the duration of analgesia was significantly longer, the incidences of visceral pain and shivering were significantly lower and ketamine requirement was significantly reduced in group R-C 100 and R-C 150 as compared with group R. However the incidence of hypotension, the amount of fluid infused and epinedrine requirement were significantly increased in group R-C 150. Conclusion The addition of clonidine 100 ug to 0.75 % ropivacaine 25 ml improves the effect of epidural block without increasing adverse effects.