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ObjectiveTo determine the effectiveness of endovascular embolization in patients with cryptogenic massive hemoptysis who were all long-term smokers.Methods Aortography and subclavian artery angiography were performed in 21long-term smokers with cryptogenicmassive hemoptysis.Transarterial embolization (TAE) was performed in patients with detectable pathologic systemic arteries.The angiographic findings were reviewed and the clinical and follow-up CT results were observed.ResultsThe pathologic systemic arteries were all bronchial arteries (BAs) and thirty-five arteries were involved.The angiography demonstrated peripheral hyperplasia in all BAs,with 24 pathologic BAs supplying the right lung and 25 supplying the upper lobes.In thirty-five BAs,24 showed hypertrophy and 11 were normal.TAE of the pathologic BAs was successfully performed and cessation of bleeding was achieved in all patients.During follow-up,one patient had episodic bloody sputum after embolization and no recurrence in all patients.The follow-up CTdemonstratednoadditionalabnormalitybesidespre-existingpulmonaryemphysema.Conclusion Cryptogenic massive hemoptysis in long-term smokers efficiently treated by endovascular embolization of the responsible bronchial artery.
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Objective To evaluate the diagnostic role of endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) in the smear and culture negative tuberculosis.Methods The tuberculosis suspected patients with spu-tum-negative for three times and with hilar or mediastinal lymphadenopathy were randomly divided into 2 groups,study group received EBUS-TBNA and bronchoalveolar lavage group(BAL) examination,control group received BAL examination only.Chi-square test was used to compare their diagnostic sensitivity and negative predictive value.Results Totally 82 patients were included this study,40 patients were in control group and 42 in the study group.In the control group,tuberculosis was confumed in only 8 cases by means of bacteriological examination in the BAL fluid,27 were confirmed by the following surgery ordiagnostic treatment of anti-Tuberculosis,and the other 5 cases were diagnosis as other diseases; In the study group,tuberculosis was confirmed in 28 patients through bacteriological and pathological examination,8 were false negative and the other 6 were diagnosis as non-tuberculosis diseases.The diagnostic sensitivity in the study group was significantly higher than that in control group (77.8％ verus 22.9％,x2 =21.4,P ＜ 0.01 ) ; and the negative predictive value in the EBUS-TBNA group was also significantly higher than that in the BAL group (42.9％ VS 15.6％,x2 =3.97,P =0.046).Complications were similar inthese 2 groups,only 1 case of intervention required puncture site bleeding happened in the study group.Conclusion EBUSTBNA has a higher sensitivity and negative predictive value in the diagnosis of smear and culture negative pulmorary tuberculosis patients with hilar or mediastinal lymph nodes.This technique is a safe method with few complications than the traditional BAL examination.It may play an important role in the diagnosis of smear and culture negative tuberculosis patients.
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Objective To investigate the feature of the microorganisms colonization of the thoracic catheter-related infection and evaluate the clinical significance of prophylactic antibiotics administration in patients with pneumothorax treated with closed thoracic drainage. Method A total of 120 patients with pneumothorax treated with closed thoracic dramage in emergency department wore enrolled. The patients were randomized (random number) into group A (n =60) and group B (n =60). In group A, the patients received levofloxacin mesylate injection and in group B, patients received physiological saline injection instead after closed thoracic drainage. The tip of catheter was cut off to get a 2-cm long segment after catheter removal and this segment was dipped into a bottle filled with liquid culture medium for microorganism culture. Statistical analysis carried out by using χ2 test or Fisher exact test. Results Of all 120 patients, microorganisms were found in 49 segments of catheter and 57 strains of microorganisms were found. The four most common microorganisms were Coagulase-negative staphylococci (57.9%), Candida albicans (10. 5%),Staphylococcus aureus (7%) and Acinetobacter baumanii (7%). All of them were highly drug-resistant to β-1actam antibiotics. The difference in the positive rate of microorganism culture was distinct in pneumothorax patients with underlying diseases (50%) in comparison to the patients without underlying diseases (31%) (P ＜ 0.05). The positive rate of microorganism culture increased significantly as the duration of drainage was longer than 14 days (P ＜ 0.01). The positive rate of culture in group A was lower than that in group B if the duration of drainage was less than 7 days (8.3% vs 52.9%, P ＜ 0.01). The positive rate of culture after drainage for 7 days was 21.4% in group A and 68.8% in group B (P ＜0.05), and that after drainage for over 14 days was 70% in both groups (P ＞ 0.05). There were no significant differences in outcome and days of hospital stay between two groups (P ＞ 0. 05). Conclusions The common colonized microorganisms of thoracic catheter-related infection are conditional pathogens and highly resistant to antibiotics. Lengthening the duration of drainage and having underlying diseases increase the risk of infection. Although prophylactic antibiotics administration is beneficial to decrease the risk of thoracic catheter-related infection, it has no effects on shortening hospital stay and outcome of disease.