Effect of DEHP[Di-2ethyl hexyl-phthalate] on resumption of meiosis and in -virto maturation of mouse oocytes and development of resulting embryos

DEHP [di[2-ethylhexyl] phthalate]] is widely used in plastic industry and some reproductive toxicity has been shown with it. So, this study was designed to evaluate DEHP effects on resumption of meiosis and in vitro maturation of mouse oocytes as well as development of embryos resulted from them. Mice of 4-6 weeks old were administered daily doses of 50, 100, 200 microl of 2.56 micro M DEHP solution for 12 days. Immature mouse oocytes were recovered from all experimental groups and matured in MEM-alpha medium containing 5% FCS with and without 7.5 IU hCG and 100 mIU rFSH. IVF was performed T6 medium. Resumption of meiosis and in vitro maturation were significantly lower in all experimental groups in culture media without hormones compared to controls. Fertilization and embryo development were also significantly decreased in both culture media [with and without hormones]. This study showed the adverse effects of DEHP on in vitro maturation and embryo development in a dose dependent manner

Effects of intracerebroventricular administration of NGF on blood brain barrier and stress induced protein in the central nervous system

Nerve growth factor [NGF] is the first member characterized of the neurotrophin family. It is known for its crucial role in survival, differentiation and maintenance of neurons both in peripheral and central nervous systems. In addition to its neurotropic role, NGF has also been proposed to act on cells of the immune system. Recent studies show that there is an increased level of NGF in cerebrospinal fluid [CSF] during the acute phase of multiple sclerosis, in animal model of multiple sclerosis and experimental allergic encephalomyelitis [EAE]. In contrast, during the remission phase of the diseases the levels of NGF drop significantly. More recently, the increased level of NGF has also been reported in other autoimmune diseases such as lupus erythematosus. These observations suggest that over production of NGF in CNS may functionally be related to the state of activation of the immune system in autoimmune diseases. Concomitantly, proinflammatory cytokines are upregulated in the acute phase of autoimmune diseases and are known to be potent inducers of the expression of heat shock proteins [HSP]. Moreover, NGF is known to be a chemotactic factor for polymorphonuclear cells [14, 15]. Due to concomitantly increased level of NGF in inflammatory sites and around the blood vessels in acute phase of the disease with leukocyte infiltration of the immune cells in CNS, one may question whether NGF has any effect on production of proinflammatory cytokines through production of heat shock proteins and leukocyte infiltration. To answer the above questions, NGF was injected intracerebroventricularly at doses 20 or 5 micro g/mice for 4 days. The results show that the administered NGF neither has any effect on the expression of HSP-27 nor on leukocyte infiltration in central nervous system, suggesting that the high doses of NGF utilized in these experiments affect neither the immune nor the central nervous systems