effect of insertion and removal of laryngeal mask on intra-ocular pressure in patients with cataract or glaucoma in comparison with tracheal tube

The effect of placement and removal of laryngeal mask airway [LMA] and tracheal tube [TT] on the intraocular pressure [IOP] in 30 patients with cataract [groups I and II] and 24 patients with glaucoma [groups III and IV] was compared. The induction of anesthesia decreased the IOP and ABP and increased the heart rate [HR] significantly. The insertion and removal of TT significantly increased the IOP, ABP [arterial blood pressure] and HR, while insertion and removal of LMA increased the IOP significantly only in patients with glaucoma. The changes of IOP, ABP and HR with insertion and removal of TT in groups II and IV were significant when compared to that of LMA in groups I and III. The changes of IOP with insertion or removal of TT in patients with glaucoma were significant when compared to that in cataract patients. The percentage of patients' cough within one minute after removal of TT in groups II and IV was significantly higher than LMA in groups I and III. The glaucomatous eyes showed higher changes in IOP than normal eyes after placement or removal of TT

Evaluation of the effect of I. M. lignocaine or bupivacaine on the hypnotic requirements of ketamine and propofol

We have studied the effect of i.m. lignocaine or bupivacaine on the hypnotic requirements of Ketamine and propofol in sixty patients of ASA I and II undergoing minor elective surgery under general anaesthesia. These patients were allocated randomly into two groups, ketamine group and propofol group. Each group was further subdivided into 3 subgroups A, B and C [n = 10 for each subgroup] where patients received saline, lignocaine or bupivacaine i.m. respectively before induction of anaesthesia. Anaesthesia was induced by ketamine or propofol in bolus doses of 0.2 mg/Kg every 30 sec. until loss of verbal response to verbal command was achieved. We found that lignocaine and bupivacaine significantly reduced the hypnotic doses of ketamine by 39.7% and 32.6% and that of propofol by 25.9% and 30.8% respectively. We concluded that the hypnotic doses of i.v. ketamine or propofol should be reduced if their administration is preceded by lignocaine or bupivacaine