RESUMO
Small cell carcinoma of the colon and rectum is a rare primary epithelial malignancy at this location. Histologically, this tumor represents a spectrum of neuroendocrine differentiation. The neuroendocrine cancers of the colon manifest a highly aggressive behavior, even more than their adenocarcinoma counterpart of the same stage. Small cell carcinoma in the colon has early metastasis and the prognosis is extremely poor. We report a case of small cell carcinoma of the rectum manifesting as femur neck fracture during sleep.
Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma , Carcinoma de Células Pequenas , Colo , Fraturas do Colo Femoral , Colo do Fêmur , Fêmur , Metástase Neoplásica , Prognóstico , RetoRESUMO
Information on precise effects of deflazacort on bone cell function, especially osteoclasts, is quite limited. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to test effects of deflazacort on osteoclast-like cell formation in mouse bone marrow cultures and on the regulation of osteoprotegerin (OPG) and its ligand (RANKL) mRNA expressions by RT-PCR in the ST2 marrow stromal cells. TRAP-positive mononuclear cells increased after the treatment of deflazacort at 10(-9) to 10(-7) M alone for 6 days in a dose-dependent manner. Number of TRAP-positive multi-nucleated cells (MNCs) increased significantly with combined treatment of deflazacort at 10(-7) M and 1,25-(OH)2D3 at 10(-9) M compared to that of cultures treated with 1,25-(OH)2D3 alone (p<0.05). Exposure to deflazacort at 10(-7) M in the presence of 1,25-(OH)2D3 at 10(-9) M in the last 3-day culture had greater stimulatory effect on osteoclast-like cell formation than that of the first 3-day culture did. Deflazacort at 10(-10) -10(-6) M downregulated OPG and upregulated RANKL in mRNA levels in a dose-dependent manner. These observations suggest that deflazacort stimulate osteoclast precursor in the absence of 1,25-(OH)2D3 and enhance differentiation of osteoclasts in the presence of 1,25-(OH)2D3. These effects are, in part, thought to be mediated by the regulation of the expression of OPG and RANKL mRNA in marrow stromal cells.