Incidence and related factors of umbilical venous catheter tip migration / 中华围产医学杂志

Objective:To analyze the incidence and the related factors of umbilical vein catheter (UVC) tip migration within 7 d after umbilical vein catheterization.Methods:This prospective study involved neonates who were successfully indwelled with UVCs in the Department of Neonatology of Gansu Provincial Women and Child-care Hospital from June 2020 to December 2021. The position of the UVC tip, length of umbilical stump, body weight, and abdominal circumference were recorded after the UVCs were inserted successfully, and the changes in these four data at 2, 24, 48, 72 h, and 7 d after catheterization were analyzed and compared. All the subjects were divided into the non-migrate group, inward migration group, and outward migration group. Chi-square test, Mann-Whitney U test, or Kruskal Wallis H test were used for statistical analysis. Results:A total of 157 newborns were enrolled, with 51 cases in the inward migration group, 62 cases in the outward migration group, and 44 cases in the non-migrate group. There were no significant differences among the three groups regarding gestational age, birth weight, gender, born through cesarean section, age at the time of catheterization, use of sedation, and feeding modes (all P>0.05). The migration rates of UVCs tip at 2, 24, 48, 72 h, and 7 d after catheterization were 0, 27.4% (43/157), 27.2% (31/114), 25.3% (21/83), and 29.0% (18/62), respectively. The cumulative migration rates at 24, 48, 72 h, and 7 d were 27.4% (43/157), 47.1% (74/157), 60.1% (95/157), and 72.0% (113/157), respectively. Compared with the non-migrate group, the inward migration group had a shorter umbilical cord stump at 24 and 48 h [0.5 cm (0.4-0.5 cm) vs 0.6 cm (0.5-0.8 cm); 0.4 cm (0.3-0.5 cm) vs 0.5 cm (0.5-0.6 cm), Z=－5.55 and －3.69, both P<0.05], less abdominal circumference increment at 48 and 72 h [0.6 cm (0.5-1.0 cm) vs 0.9 cm (0.7-1.2 cm); 0.6 cm (0.3-0.9 cm) vs 0.9 cm (0.7- 1.3 cm), Z=－2.03 and －2.09, both P<0.05)], and more weight loss percentage [－4.7% (－6.0%-－3.6%) vs －3.1% (－3.7%-－2.2%); －6.0% (－7.5%-－5.0%) vs －3.9% (－5.1%-－2.4%), Z=－3.75 and －2.96, both P<0.05]. The abdominal circumference increased more in the outward migration group at 24, 48, 72 h, and 7 d than those in the non-migrate group [1.6 cm (0.9-1.9 cm) vs 0.7 cm (0.5-0.9 cm); 1.5 cm (1.2-1.8 cm) vs 0.9 cm (0.7-1.2 cm); 1.7 cm (1.3-1.9 cm) vs 0.9 cm (0.7-1.3 cm); 1.6 cm (1.1-1.9 cm) vs 0.9 cm (0.6-1.3 cm), Z=－4.82, －4.79, －3.74, and －3.09, all P<0.05]. Conclusion:The incidence of UVC tip migration is high, which could be affected by dryness and retraction of the umbilical cord stump and the change in neonatal abdominal circumference and body weight.

Prevalence of simple obesity and its high-risk factors in preschool children in Fuzhou, China / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the prevalence of simple obesity and its risk factors in preschool children in Fuzhou, China.@*METHODS@#The physical examination data of 14 kindergartens in Fuzhou, China were collected by stratified cluster random sampling. The detection rate of simple obesity was calculated. The children with normal body weight were selected as the control group by 1:1 case-control method. The risk factors for childhood simple obesity were investigated by self-made questionnaire and multivariate logistic regression analysis.@*RESULTS@#A total of 5 767 children aged 3-6 years were enrolled in this study. A total of 289 (5.01%) children with simple obesity were screened out, including 153 with mild obesity and 136 with moderate to severe obesity. The prevalence rate of simple obesity gradually increased with the age of children. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the following factors were independent risk factors for simple obesity: preference for fried food (OR=4.789, P<0.05), caregivers' over-concern about diet (OR=4.620, P<0.05), eating before sleep (OR=4.006, P<0.05), eating fast (OR=3.221, P<0.05), preference for sweets (OR=2.282, P<0.05), high birth weight (OR=2.202, P<0.05), overweight or obesity in father (OR=2.074, P<0.05), overweight or obesity in mother (OR=2.047, P<0.05), more than 1.2 times the food intake at the same age (OR=2.013, P<0.05), watching TV (OR=1.665, P<0.05), and lack of exercise (OR=1.463, P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#The prevalence rate of simple obesity is 5.01% in preschool children in Fuzhou, China. The development of simple obesity is multifactorial. It is suggested that doctors, parents, and teachers should strengthen health education for preschool children, help them develop good living and eating habits, and encourage them to take more exercise, in order to reduce the development of simple obesity.

Downregulated inhibitor of growth 3 (ING3) expression during colorectal carcinogenesis.

Background & objectives: ING3 (inhibitor of growth protein 3) overexpression decreased S-phase cell population and colony-forming efficiency, and induced apoptosis at a p53-mediated manner. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinicopathological and prognostic significance of ING3 expression in colorectal carcinogenesis and subsequent progression. Methods: ING3 expression was examined by immunohistochemistry on tissue microarray containing colorectal non-neoplastic mucosa (NNM), adenoma and adenocarcinoma. Colorectal carcinoma tissue and cell lines were studied for ING3 expression by Western blot or RT-PCR. Results: ING3 mRNA was differentially expressed in Colo201, Colo205, DLD-1, HCT-15, HCT-116, HT-29, KM-12, SW480, SW620 and WiDr cells. Carcinomas showed significantly lower ING3 expression than matched NNM at mRNA level (P<0.05), but not at protein level. Immunohistochemically, ING3 expression was significantly decreased from NNM, adenoma to adenocarcinoma (P<0.05). ING3 expression was not correlated with age, sex, tumour size, depth of invasion, lymphatic or venous invasion, lymph node metastasis, tumour- node- metastasis staging or differentiation. Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that ING3 protein expression was not associated the prognosis of the patients with colorectal carcinoma (P<0.05). Interpretation & conclusions: Our study showed that downregulated ING3 expression might play an important role in colorectal adenoma-adenocarcinoma sequence. Further studies are required to understand the mechanism.

Comparison in pathological behaviours & prognosis of gastric cancers from general hospitals between China & Japan.

Background & objective: Gastric cancer is the fourth most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths after lung carcinoma. The aim of this study was to understand the difference in clinicopathological behaviours and prognosis of gastric cancer in patients from China and Japan. Methods: Paraffin-fixed tissue samples of gastric cancer were collected retrospectively from two hospitals between 1993 to 2006 in Japan (n=2063) and during 1980-2003 in China (n=2496) respectively, and staging was done by TNM system and typing by Japanese Endoscopy Society criteria or Borrmann’s classification. The histological architecture of the tumours was expressed according to Lauren’s classification. Results: Compared to Japan, the occurrence of gastric cancer was more common in younger Chinese population and prone to invasion and metastasis in muscularis propia, lymphatic, lymph node, liver, peritoneal parts, and exhibited large tumour size and high TNM staging in both the sexes and in different age groups (P<0.05). Intestinal and mixed types of carcinomas were more frequently observed in Japanese patients compared to Chinese and the difference was significant (P<0.05). It was observed that the commonly reported types in early gastric cancers (EGC) in Japanese patients were IIc, IIa+IIc or IIa while those of Chinese patients were IIc, III or IIb. In the case of advanced gastric cancers (AGC), type II and III were most common in both the countries. The cumulative survival rate of Chinese patients was significantly (P<0.05) higher compared to Japanese in different stratified groups via depth of invasion, TNM staging or Lauren’s classification. Interpretation & conclusion: Gastric cancers in Chinese patients had more aggressive pathological characteristics and poorer prognosis than those from Japan. To reduce incidence and to improve treatment facilities, it is necessary to have a systematic screening system.

Altered expression of PTEN gene and LOH of its epigenetic microsatellite in gastric carcinoma / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the expression of PTEN and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of its epigenetic microsatellite in gastric carcinoma and explore their roles in progression of gastric carcinoma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>LOH of epigenetic microsatellites of PTEN (D10S541, D10S583 and D10S1687) in advanced gastric cancer was detected by PCR-SSCP. Expression of PTEN mRNA and protein in normal gastric mucosa and gastric cancer was evaluated by RT-PCR and SABC immunohistochemistry, respectively. The relationship between expression of PTEN mRNA and protein and lymph node metastasis or LOH of microsatellites was discussed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>LOH of D10S541, D10S583 and D10S1687 was found in 37.5% (21/56) of advanced gastric cancers. The positive rates of PTEN mRNA expression were 80.4% (45/56), 45.5% (5/11) and 32.1% (18/56) in normal mucosa, early and advanced gastric carcinomas, respectively, while 78.6% (44/56), 44.5% (5/11) and 28.6% (16/56) at the protein level. PTEN mRNA and protein were less frequently expressed in early and advanced gastric carcinomas than that in normal gastric mucosa (P < 0.05). There was positive correlation between PTEN mRNA expression and LOH of microsatellites in advanced gastric carcinomas. PTEN protein expression paralleled with its mRNA expression (P < 0.05). The expression of PTEN mRNA and protein was negatively correlated with lymph node metastasis of advanced gastric carcinomas (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Down-regulated expression of PTEN gene is found in different stages of gastric carcinoma, and is closely correlated with LOH of its epigenetic microsatellites, which probably is its underlying molecular mechanisms. It suggests that altered PTEN gene contributes to tumorigenesis and progression of gastric carcinomas.</p>

Expression of maspin and kai1 and their clinicopathological significance in carcinogenesis and progression of gastric cancer / 中国医学科学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the roles of maspin and kai1 expression in tumorigenesis and progression of gastric cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Maspin and kai1 expressions were detected in normal gastric mucosa (n = 182), gastric dysplasia (n = 69), and gastric cancer (n = 113) by immunohisto-chemistry. Their expressions were compared with clinicopathological parameters of tumors. Relationship between maspin and kai1 expression was also concerned in gastric cancer.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The positive rates of maspin expression were 79.8% (145/182), 75.4% (52/69), and 50.4% (57/113) in normal gastric mucosa, gastric dysplasia, and gastric cancer, while those of kai1 expression were 81.9% (149/182), 65.2% (49/69), and 58.4% (66/113) in corresponding tissues respectively. Gastric cancer less frequently expressed maspin than the normal gastric mucosa and gastric dysplasia (P < 0.05), while dysplasia and cancer showed less frequent expression of kai1 than normal mucosa (P < 0.05). Maspin expression showed negative association with invasive depth, metastasis, Lauren's and histological classifications (P < 0.05), but not with tumor size, Borrmann's classification, growth pattern or TNM staging (P > 0.05). Kai1 expression was negatively correlated with invasive depth, metastasis, growth pattern, Lauren's and histological classifications (P < 0.05), but not with tumor size, Borrmann's classification or TNM staging (P > 0.05). Maspin and kai1 were collaboratively expressed in gastric cancer (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Down-regulated expressions of maspin and kai1 play an important role in gastric carcinogenesis. Abnormal expression of maspin and kai1 might have inhibitory effects on invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer and act as an effective and objective marker to indicate the pathobiological behaviors of gastric cancer.</p>

Expression of PTEN-encoding product in different stages of carcinogenesis and progression of gastric carcinoma / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To illustrate the significance of expression of phosphatase and tensin homologue derived from chromosome ten (PTEN) encoding product in normal mucosa, intestinal metaplasia (IM), dysplasia and carcinoma of the stomach, and to evaluate its clinical implication in tumorigenesis and progression of gastric carcinoma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues from 184 cases of gastric carcinoma, its adjacent normal mucosa, IM and dysplasia were evaluated for the expression of PTEN by SABC immunohistochemistry. PTEN expression was assessed as to tumor stage, lymph node metastasis, Lauren's classification and WHO histological classification of gastric carcinoma. Expression of VEGF protein was also studied in 60 cases of gastric carcinoma, with its correlation with PTEN concerned.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The positive rates of PTEN protein were 100% (102/102), 98.5% (65/66), 66.7% (4/6) and 47.8% (88/184) in normal mucosa, IM, dysplasia and carcinoma of stomach, respectively. The positive rates in the last two groups were lower than the first two (P < 0.01). PTEN was less expressed in advanced gastric carcinoma than in early ones (42.9% vs 67.6%, P < 0.01). The positive rate of PTEN protein was lower in gastric carcinoma with lymph node metastasis than without (40.3% vs 63.3%, P < 0.01). PTEN was less expressed in diffuse-type gastric carcinoma than in intestinal-type (41.5% vs 57.8%, P < 0.05). Signet ring cell carcinoma expressed PTEN stood the lowest (25.0%, 7/28), which was less than well and moderately differentiated ones (61.8%, 21/34) (P < 0.01). Expression of PTEN was inversely correlated with expression of VEGF though without any significance (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Loss or reduced expression of PTEN protein is common in carcinogenesis and progression of gastric cancer. Altered expression of PTEN may contribute to carcinogenesis and progression of gastric cancer by increasing angiogenesis, cellular adhesion and mobility and so on. PTEN may be an objective marker for pathologically biological behavior of gastric carcinoma.</p>