Efficacy of surgical comprehensive therapy for 456 cases of hypopharyngeal carcinoma / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective: To retrospectively analyse the efficacy of surgerical comprehensive treatment for hypopharyngeal cancer. Methods: Four hundred and fifty-six cases of hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma treated from Jan 2014 to Dec 2019 were analyzed retrospectively, including 432 males and 24 females, aged 37-82 years old. There were 328 cases of pyriform sinus carcinoma, 88 cases of posterior pharyngeal wall carcinoma, and 40 cases of postcricoid carcinoma. According to American Joint Committe on Cancer(AJCC) 2018 criteria, 420 cases were of stage Ⅲ or Ⅳ; 325 cases were of T3 or T4 stage. Treatment methods included surgery alone in 84 cases, preoperative planned radiotherapy plus surgery in 49 cases, surgery plus adjuvant radiotherapy or concurrent chemoradiotherapy in 314 cases, and inductive chemotherapy plus surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy in 9 cases. The primary tumor resection methods included transoral laser surgery in 5 cases, partial laryngopharyngectomy in 74 cases, of them 48 cases (64.9%) presented with supracricoid hemilaryngopharyngectomy, total laryngectomy with patial pharyngectomy in 90 cases, total laryngopharyngectomy or with cervical esophagectomy in 226 cases, and total laryngopharyngectomy with total esophagectomy in 61 cases. Among 456 cases, 226 cases received reconstruction surgery with free jejunum transplantation, 61 cases with gastric pull-up, and 32 cases with pectoralis myocutaneous flaps. All patients underwent retropharyngeal lymph node dissection, and high-definition gastroscopy was performed during admission and follow-up. SPSS 24.0 software was used to analyze the data. Results: The 3-year and 5-year overall survival rates were respectively 59.8%, and 49.5%. The 3-year and 5-year disease specific survival rates were respectively 69.0% and 58.8%. Total metastasis rate of retropharyngeal lymph nodes was 12.7%. A total of 132 patients (28.9%) suffered from simultaneous and metachronous multiple primary carcinoma of the hypopharynx. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that T3-4 disease, cervical lymph node metastasis, retropharyngeal lymph node metastasis and postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy were independent factors affecting the prognosis of patients (all P<0.05). As of April 30, 2022, a total of 221 patients died during follow-up, of 109 (49.3%) with distant metastases, which were the main cause of death. Conclusions: The efficacy of comprehensive treatment for hypopharyngeal cancer can be improved by accurate preoperative evaluation, improved surgical resection, active retropharyngeal lymph node dissection and full process intervention of the second primary cancer.

Total coumarins in Pileostegia tomentella inhibits proliferation of small cell lung cancer H1688 cells by inducing ferroptosis / 中国药理学通报

Aim To explore the mechanism by which total coumarins in Pileostegia tomentella (TCPT) inhibits the proliferation of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) H1688 cells via inducing ferroptosis. Methods The gradient concentrations of TCPT were used to treat H1688 cells. CCK-8 assay was applied for detection of proliferative inhibition of H1688 cells. Transmission electron microscopy was used to approach the morphological changes of H1688 cells under the treatment of TCPT. Additionally, dichlorofluorescein (DCFH-DA) probe was used to detect the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level. BODIPY 581/ 589 Cll probe was applied to examine the intracellular lipid peroxide formation. Western blotting was employed to detect the expression levels of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), kelch-like ECH-associated protein (KEAP1), nuclear factor E2 related factor 2 (NRF2), ferritin heavy chain 1 (FTH1) proteins in HI688 cells. Results The proliferation of small cell lung cancer cell H1688 was dramatically inhibited after TCPT intervention (P < 0. 05, P < 0. 01). The morphological characteristics of ferroptosis induced by TCPT were observed by transmission electron microscope. TCPT could also effectively elevate intracellular level of ROS and lipid peroxide. In HI688 cells the expression of ferroptosis markers GPX4, NRF2, and FTH1 was down-regulated, while the expression of KEAP1 was up-regulated, and there were statistically significant differences among the markers mentioned a-bove (P<0. 01). Conclusions Total coumarins in TCPT can significantly inhibit the proliferation of H1688 cells, possibly through increasing ROS and intracellular lipid peroxide levels and eventually inducing ferroptosis.

Efficacy and safety of cinepazide maleate injection in acute ischemic stroke patients with obvious motor function deficit / 中华神经科杂志

Objective:To confirm the efficacy and safety of cinepazide maleate injection in acute ischemic stroke patients with obvious motor function deficit.Methods:This study is a subgroup analysis of multi-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase Ⅳ clinical trial. A total 812 patients of acute ischemic stroke with obvious limb motor deficit [motor function of limbs score in National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) ≥4] were enrolled in this subgroup analysis. Patients received either cinepazide maleate injection or placebo. The treatment period was 14 days and follow-up was 90 days. The efficacy endpoints included the proportions of patients with a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score ≤2, mRS score ≤1 and Barthel Index <95 on day 90. Safety was evaluated by recording all adverse events, monitoring vital signs, laboratory parameters and electrocardiogram.Results:A total of 732 patients were involved in the final efficacy analysis (361 in cinepazide maleate group and 371 in control group). The baseline limb motor function score of NIHSS was 5.23±1.43 in the cinepazide maleate group whereas 5.20±1.36 in the control group. Logistic regression analysis showed that following treatment for 90 days, the proportion of patients with a mRS score ≤2 was significantly higher in the cinepazide maleate group than in the control group [56.0% (202/361) vs 44.2% (164/371), OR=0.60, 95% CI 0.44-0.82, P=0.002]. The proportion of patients with a mRS score ≤1 was higher in the cinepazide maleate group than in the control group [43.3% (139/361) vs 35.2% (118/371), OR=0.69, 95% CI 0.50-0.97, P=0.031]. The proportion of patients with a Barthel Index <95 on day 90 was significantly lower in the cinepazide maleate group than in the control group [45.2% (145/361) vs 55.2% (185/371), OR=0.64, 95% CI 0.46-0.88, P=0.007]. During the treatment and follow-up period, the incidence of the most common adverse events in the cinepazide maleate group was 50.4% (199/395). Constipation and abnormal liver function were more common, but there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups. Conclusion:Cinepazide maleate injection is superior to placebo in improving neurological function and activities of daily living, reducing disability, and promoting functional recovery and safe in patients with acute ischemic stroke with obvious limb motor deficit.

Effects of cinepazide maleate injection on blood pressure in patients with acute ischemic stroke and hypertension / 中华内科杂志

Objective:To investigate the blood pressure change in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and hypertension treated with cinepazide maleate injection.Methods:This was a subgroup analysis of post-marketing clinical confirmation study of cinepazide maleate injection for acute ischemic stroke: a randomized, double-blinded, multicenter, placebo-parallel controlled trial, which conducted in China from August 2016 to February 2019. Eligible patients fulfilled the inclusive criteria of acute anterior circulation ischemic stroke with National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores of 7-25. The primary endpoints were mean blood pressure of AIS patients treated with cinepazide maleate or control, which were assessed during the treatment period (14 days), and the proportion of the patients with normal blood pressure was analyzed after the treatment period. Furthermore, a subgroup analysis was performed to investigate a possible effect of the history of hypertension on outcomes.Results:This analysis included 809 patients with hypertension. There was no significant difference in patients blood pressure and the proportion of patients with normal blood pressure (60.5% vs. 59.0%, P>0.05) between cinepazide maleate group and control group. Conclusion:Administration of cinepazide maleate injection does not affect the management of clinical blood pressure in patients with AIS.

Clinical features and prognostic influences of retropharyngeal lymph node metastasis in oropharyngeal and hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: a meta analysis / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective: To compare the clinical features and prognoses of patients with oropharyngeal or hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) with and without retropharyngeal lymph node metastases. Methods: PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science, CNKI, VIP and Wanfang databases were searched for published literatures on retropharyngeal lymph node metastasis of oropharyngeal or hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (1900, 2021), and outcome indicators such as survival rate and related clinical features were extracted. The quality evaluation of the included literatures was carried out. RevMan 5.4 and Stata 16.0 software were used for data analysis. Results: A total of 18 literatures were included. Meta analysis showed that 3-year and 5-year survival rates and 5-year disease-specific survival rate of patients with oropharyngeal or hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma with retropharyngeal lymph node metastases were lower than those without metastases, 46.1% vs. 53.0%, 40.8% vs. 62.5% and 35.9% vs. 53.1%, respectively, and the differences were statistically significant (OR values were 0.26, 0.38, 0.38, and 95%CI were 0.10-0.69, 0.28-0.51, 0.23-0.65, respectively, all P values<0.05). There were statistically significant differences in clinical stage (III-IV), T stage (T3+T4), N stage (N2), positive cervical lymph node metastases and number of lymph node metastases (≥3) between the two groups (OR values were 4.28, 2.20, 2.88, 10.83, 6.53, and 95%CI were 1.70-10.74, 1.35-3.58, 1.90-4.34, 3.57-32.95, 1.75-24.38, respectively, all P<0.05). The sensitivity and specificity of preoperative imaging for diagnosing retropharyngeal lymph nodes metastases were respectively 0.72 (95%CI=0.54-0.85) and 0.98 (95%CI=0.74-1.00), and the area under curve (AUC) of summary receiver operating characteristic curve (SROC) was 0.84 (95%CI=0.80-0.87). Conclusions: The survival rate of patients with oropharyngeal or hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma with retropharyngeal lymph node metastasis is significantly reduced, the clinical stage and T stage are late, and the cervical lymph node metastasis rate is high. Retropharyngeal lymph node metastasis is more insidious, the sensitivity of preoperative imaging diagnosis is not high.

Feasibility, efficacy and safety of transbrachial access for interventional therapy on paravalvular leak post surgical valve replacement / 中华心血管病杂志

Objective: To investigate the feasibility, efficacy and safety of transbrachial access for interventional therapy on prosthetic paravalvular leak (PVL) post surgical valve replacement. Methods: This is a retrospective study. Patients with PVL after surgical valve replacement who underwent interventional therapy via the brachial artery approach in Structural heart disease center of Fuwai hospital between August 2017 and October 2019, were included. All patients underwent puncture of the brachial artery under local anesthesia, angiography and transcatheter closure procedure were performed. The procedure was performed under transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) guidance. Baseline data, operation data and pre-and post-operative TTE examination results were collected and analyzed. Postoperative complications were recorded and operational adverse events were obtained during follow up in the outpatient department after discharge. The operation success rate was calculated, which was defined as the degree of perivalvular regurgitation decrease by 1 grade and above according to TTE without interfering the valve movement and coronary artery blood flow within 30 days after occluder placement. Results: A total of 10 patients were enrolled in this study, the mean age was (57.5±14.6) years, and 6 patients were males. There were 7 cases with aortic PVL, and 3 cases with mitral PVL. Except for one patient who was converted to the femoral vein-transseptal approach, the other 9 patients were successfully implanted with the devices via the brachial artery approach. The operation time was (103.3±34.0) minutes, and there was no need for rigorous bed rest after the operation. The median hospital stay was 7.5 (3.0, 9.8) days. The operation success rate was 9/10 via the brachial artery approach. The differences in the degree of perivalvular regurgitation, New York Heart Association (NYHA) classification, left ventricular end diastolic diameter and left atrial diameter before and after operation were statistically significant (all P<0.05). One case developed new hemolysis with renal insufficiency on the second day after procedure and discharged after successful dialysis. Another case experienced complication of brachial artery pseudoaneurysm after procedure and discharged after successful treatment with thrombin injection. The mean follow-up time was (14.3±7.9) months. During the follow-up, NYHA classification remained as Ⅰ/Ⅱ in 9 patients, no operational adverse events were observed. Conclusions: Transbrachial access for interventional therapy on PVL post surgical valve replacement is a feasible, effective, and safe procedure. It has the advantages of simplifying the operation process and reducing postoperative bed rest time.

Efficacy and safety of a parylene-coated occluder for atrial septal defect: a prospective, multi-center, randomized controlled clinical trial / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#Nitinol-containing devices are widely used in clinical practice. However, there are concerns about nickel release after nitinol-containing device implantation. This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of a parylene-coated occluder vs. a traditional nitinol-containing device for atrial septal defect (ASD).@*METHODS@#One-hundred-and-eight patients with ASD were prospectively enrolled and randomly assigned to either the trial group to receive a parylene-coated occluder (n = 54) or the control group to receive a traditional occluder (n = 54). The plugging success rate at 6 months after device implantation and the pre- and post-implantation serum nickel levels were compared between the two groups. A non-inferiority design was used to prove that the therapeutic effect of the parylene-coated device was non-inferior to that of the traditional device. The Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel chi-squared test with adjustment for central effects was used for the comparison between groups.@*RESULTS@#At 6 months after implantation, successful ASD closure was achieved in 52 of 53 patients (98.11%) in both the trial and control groups (95% confidence interval (CI): [-4.90, 5.16]) based on per-protocol set analysis. The absolute value of the lower limit of the 95% CI was 4.90%, which was less than the specified non-inferiority margin of 8%. No deaths or severe complications occurred during 6 months of follow-up. The serum nickel levels were significantly increased at 2 weeks and reached the maximum value at 1 month after implantation in the control group (P  0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#The efficacy of a parylene-coated ASD occluder is non-inferior to that of a traditional uncoated ASD occluder. The parylene-coated occluder prevents nickel release after device implantation and may be an alternative for ASD, especially in patients with a nickel allergy.

Cinepazide maleate injection reduced the disability rate for acute ischemic stroke patients: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled phase Ⅳ clinical trial / 中华神经科杂志

Objective:To assess the efficacy and safety of cinepazide maleate injection in the treatment of patients with acute ischemic stroke.Methods:A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase Ⅳ clinical trial, led by Peking Union Medical College Hospital, was conducted in 65 Hospitals in China. The efficacy of cinepazide maleate injection in patients with acute anterior circulation cerebral infarction with onset time of ≤48 hours, 7≤National Institute of Health stroke scale (NIHSS) score ≤25 was assessed from August 2016 to February 2019, using the proportion of modified Rankin scale (mRS) score≤1 and Barthel index (BI) score≤95 on day 14 as efficacy endpoint. The patients were divided into treatment group who were treated with cinepazide maleate injection and control group who were treated with placebo.Results:A total 937 patients were involved in the final efficacy analysis (466 in treatment group and 471 in control group). The proportion of subjects with mRS score≤1 on day 14 after treatment were higher in the treatment group than that in the control group (102/466(21.89%) vs76/471(16.14%)). Logistic regression analysis showed that patients treated with cinepazide maleate were significantly more likely to have a favorable outcome (mRS score≤1) than patients treated with placebo on day 14 ( OR=0.677, 95% CI 0.484-0.948 , P=0.023), and patients treated with cinepazide maleate were more likely to reach independence in activities of daily living (Barthel Index ≥95) than those treated with placebo on day 14 (125/466(26.82%) vs 91/471(19.32%); OR=0.632, 95% CI0.459-0.869, P=0.005). The rate of adverse events was similar between the treatment and control groups. Conclusion:The 14-day treatment with cinepazide maleate injection could reduce the degree of disability whereas did not increase the risk of adverse events.

Assay of 18 amino acids in Chuanmingshen violaceum roots by pre-column derivative HPLC / 中国中药杂志

The roots of Chuanmingshen violaceum is a commonly used Chinese herb and food, which contains rich amino acids. However, the kinds and amounts of amino acids are variety in this herb among the geographical location and ecological environment. Therefore, this study firstly developed a new pre-column derived HPLC method to quantify the levels of 18 amino acids in Ch. violaceum roots. Then 24 Ch. violaceum samples were harvested from its main cultivating areas in Sichuan, China. These samples were divided into 4 producing areas based on their geographical sites. The 18 kinds of amino acids were quantified in these sample by the developed method. The differences of these amino acids were further analyzed among these herbal samples and the 4 producing areas by t-test and principal component analysis(PCA). The result indicated the peaks of the 18 kinds of amino acids were separated well in 70 min.The correlation coefficients between peak areas and concentration of these amino acids were more than 0.999 1(n=6). All of their recoveries were in the range of 97.38%-101.3%(n=6).Their detection limit was in the range of 0.003-0.379 μg·mL~(-1).It demonstrates that the developed HPLC method can accurately quantify the amounts of multi-amino acids in this herb. The results of t-test analysis showed the contents of histidine, cystine, leucine, valine, tryptophan, phenylalanine and threonine were significantly different(P<0.05) among the 4 producing areas. But the differences of other amino acids were not significant.The first five factors were extracted by PCA to calculate the comprehensive score. The order of comprehensive score for the 4 producing areas was B(0.603, n=10), C(0.206, n=3), A(-0.283, n=7) and D(-1.167, n=4). The total content of amino acids in Ch. violaceum collected in B producing area was largest(12.5 mg·g~(-1)). It is concluded the Ch. violaceum contains multi-kinds of amino acids. On the basis of amino acid amount, Langzhong city and Cangxi county in Sichuan province(producing area B) is the suitable areas for cultivating Ch. violaceum.

Influencing factors analysis of microvascular invasion in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma / 中华肝胆外科杂志

Objective To evaluate the correlation between microvascular invasion(MVI) and prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC),and to analyse the influencing factors of MVI in patients with HCC.Methods Total of 81 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma treated in Beijing Hospital from January 2014 to December 2016 were retrospectively studied.There were 65 males and 16 females.The mean age was 59.6± 12.7 years,and the age ranged from 21 to 87 years old.Pathological examination showed presence of MVI in 35 patients.Results Total of seventy-six patients with hepatocellular carcinoma were followed-up.The 1-,2-,3-and 4-year overall survival rates in the 35 patients with microvascular invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma were 78.6％,55.4％,38.3％,and 32.2％,respectively.The 1-,2-,3-,and 4-year overall survival rates of the 41 patients without microvascular invasion were 93.4％,76.5％,68.2％ and 68.2％,respectively.The difference was significant (P＜0.05).Cox multivariate regression analysis showed that microvascular invasion was an independent risk factor of overall survival after surgery (HR=3.071,95％ CI:1.239～7.610,P＜0.05).Sub-group analysis was done on patients with microvascular invasion based on pathological results which included the number of MVI lesions,the call number in the MVI lesion,the distance of the MVI to the primary liver cancer,and the gradings of MVI.There were no significant differences in the overall survival outcomes (P＞0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed the maximum diameter of tumor ＞ 5 cm (OR =6.340,95％ CI:2.000 ～ 20.096),preoperative total bilirubin (TBil) ＞ 17 μmol/L (OR =5.067,95％CI:1.386 ～ 18.525),and preoperative alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) ＞400 μg/L (OR =6.042,95％ CI:1.435 ～ 25.444) were independent risk factors of microvascular invasion (P＜ 0.05).Conclusion Hepatocellular carcinoma patients with microvascular invasion had poor prognosis.Preoperative AFP,preoperative TBil,and diameter of tumor were independent risk factors of microvascular invasion in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.

Determination of common dyes in dyed safflower by near infrared spectroscopy / 中国中药杂志

Because the red and bright color of corolla is the main indicator for the quality assessment of good safflower,the dyed safflower is sometimes found at the herbal market,what is influence on this herb quality and efficacy. A total of 127 safflower samples was therefore collected from different cultivating areas and herbal markets in China to develop a rapid method to identify the dyed safflower. Near-infrared spectroscopy(NIRS) combined with characteristic identification,high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC),principal component analysis(PCA) and partial least squares regression analysis(PLS) were employed to differentiate safflower from dyed safflower samples,and further quantify the levels of the 6 dyes,i.e. tartrazine,carmine,sunset yellow,azorubine,acid red 73 and orange Ⅱ in the dyed safflower. The results indicated that the 50 safflower samples and 77 dyed safflower samples were located at different regions in PCA cluster diagram by NIR spectra. Tartrazine,carmineand and sunset yellow were found in the 77 dyed safflower samples with the amounts of 0. 60-3. 66,0. 11-1. 37,0. 10-0. 71 mg·g-1,respectively. It indicated that the three dyes were the common and main dyes in the dyed safflower. However,azorubine,acid red 73 and orange Ⅱ were not detected in all herb samples. A total of 62 dyed safflower samples were chosen as calibration samples to develop the model for estimating the amount of dyes in dyed safflower. The estimating accuracy was verified by another 15 dyed safflower samples. The values of tartrazine,carmine and sunset yellow in dyed safflower samples were compared between the NIRS and HPLC methods. Each value of mean absolute difference(MAD) was less than 5%. The correlation coefficients of tartrazine,carmineand and sunset yellow were 0. 970,0. 975,0. 971,respectively. It indicated the data quantified by NIRS and HPLC were consistence. It is concluded that NIRS can not only differentiate safflower from dyed safflower,but also quantify the amount of the dyes. NIRS is suitable for rapidly identify the quality of safflower.

The application value of mini-nutritional assessment short-form in screening and evaluating nutritional status in the elderly hospitalized patients with malignant tumor: a multicenter study / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective To investigate the application value of mini-nutritional assessment short-form(MNA-SF) in screening and evaluating nutritional status in elderly hospitalized patients with malignant tumor.Methods 1472 elderly hospitalized patients(≥65 years old)with malignant tumor were enrolled and prospectively studied for evaluating the nutritional status by nutritional risk screening 2002 (NRS 2002)assessment.Indicators of clinical outcomes were summarized.The consistencies of MNA-SF with body mass index(BMI),grip and results of NRS 2002 assessment,and the relationship between the different nutritional status and clinical outcomes were analyzed.Results The patients meeting the inclusion/exclusion criteria were aged(72.1±5.9)years,with BMI of(22.3 ±3.7)kg/m2 and grip of(21.7± 19.0)kg.Among 16.7％ of the malnourished patients with malignant tumors,pancreatic cancer (30.9 ％),bile duct cancer (24.1％) and esophageal cancer (21.2 ％) occupied the top three incidence of malnutrition,with the lowest (5.4％)incidence in breast cancer.Among 59.2％ of patients being malnourished (16.7％)or at risk(42.5％)of malnutrition,the highest incidence was in bile duct cancer(82.8％),and lowest one was in breast cancer(28.6 ％).MNA-SF-discriminated malnutrition(0～ 7 points)showed a great agreement with malnutrition evaluation by BMI(＜18.5),but had a poor agreement with grip in screening malnutrition.MNA-SF-discriminated nutrition problem(malnourishment plus at risk of malnutrition)showed a great agreement with NRS 2002-discovered nutrition problem (score≥3).Under-nourished patients had a higher infection complication(9.29％ vs.5.14％,P =0.006)and longer hospital stays(15.4 d vs.12.8 d,P＜0.01)as compared with patients with normal nutrition status.Conclusions The prevalence and risk factors for malnutrition are higher in elderly patients with malignant tumor.Poor nutritional status is correlated with poor clinical outcomes.MNA-SF can be used as a tool for evaluating the nutritional status of elderly patients with malignant tumor.

Stand-alone anterolateral lumbar interbody fusion for degenerative spondylolisthesis / 中华骨科杂志

Objective To evaluate the clinical outcome of anterolateral lumbar interbody fusion (ALLIF) for the treat-ment of degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis(DLS). Methods All of 53 patients with degenerative spondylolisthesis were en-rolled in this study during January 2014 to January 2016. All patients underwent stand-alone ALLIF with self-locked cage, includ-ing 15 males and 38 females with an average of 57.4±11.2 years old. The surgical level included L3,4(4 cases), L4,5(33 cases) and L5S1(16 cases). The operative time, bleed loss and complications were recorded. Clinical outcome was measured by visual analogue scale (VAS), Oswestry disability index (ODI) and the health questionnaire (SF-36). Radiological measures were slippage, disc height, lumbar lordosis, sagittal diameter and area of dural canal, foraminal height and area, and fusion rate. All the data were sta-tistically analyzed. Results All patients were followed up for at least 24 months. The mean operation time was 64.2 ± 12.5 min-utes, and the mean bleed loss was 72.8 ± 14.3 ml. No serious complications such as vascular or nerve injury occurred during peri operation. VAS for low back pain,VAS for leg pain and ODI were significantly decreased from 6.8 ± 1.5,5.6 ± 2.4 and 58.5％± 18.6％preoperatively to 1.6±1.2, 1.2±1.1 and 18.5％±8.8％at 24 months postoperatively.The SF-36 scores were improved signif-icantly from 56.7 ± 12.8 preoperatively to 79.4 ± 14.3 at 24 months postoperatively. Slippage of patients was reduced significantly from 22.5％± 8.3％preoperatively to 5.7％± 2.3％. Disc height and lumbar lordosis were significantly increased from 6.2 ± 1.6 mm and 46.4°±9.2° preoperatively to 10.5±1.4 mm and 53.2°±11.2° at 24 months postoperatively. Sagittal diameter and cross-section-al area of thecal sac were significantly increased from 11.7±2.2 mm and 78.4±28.6 mm2 preoperatively to 13.8±1.6 mm and 112.5± 23.9 mm2 at 6 months postoperatively. Intervertebral foramina height and area were significantly increased from 15.8 ± 4.3 mm and 136.5±25.6 mm2 preoperatively to 19.2±2.5 mm and 157.6±23.1 mm2 at 6 months postoperatively. At 24 months follow-up, the fusion rate was 100％and the subsidence rate was 10.5％. Conclusion Stand-alone ALLIF could achieve satisfactory clinical re-sults and reduction for DLS. Disc height and lumbar lordosis were restored. Efficient decompression was obtained with significant-ly increased sagittal diameter and cross-sectional area of thecal sac and intervertebral foramina height and area. Stand-alone AL-LIF provides a new surgical strategy for the treatment of DLS.

A prospective observational study on nutritional status of patients with pancreatic tumor / 中华临床营养杂志

Objective To investigate the rates of undernutrition and nutritional risks of surgical pa-tients with pancreatic tumors .Methods Totally 121 surgical patients with pancreatic tumors from Depart-ment of Surgery Beijing Hospital were enrolled in a prospective study during January 2014 to December 2015 . Patients were divided into two groups:the pancreatic cancer group ( n=90 ) and other pancreatic tumor group ( n=31 ) .Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 was used to assess the nutritional status .Other data including an-thropometric measure, body composition, blood biochemistry and clinical outcome were collected and ana-lyzed.Results Among 121 patients, the mean age was ( 61.9 ±13.6 ) years, the mean body mass index was ( 23.20 ±2.95) kg/m2 , the mean mid-upper circumference was ( 28.8 ±3.5 ) cm, the mean muscle weight was (44.6 ±7.4) kg, and the mean fat mass was (16.8 ±7.6) kg .There was no significantly differ-ence in anthropometric measurement results and body compositions between two groups ( all P>0.05 ) .In the pancreatic cancer group, albumin [ (39.0 ±4.7) g/L vs. (42.3 ±2.9) g/L, P<0.001], total protein [ (62.8 ±6.2) g/L vs.(66.3 ±2.9) g/L, P<0.001], and prealbumin [ (136.1 ±85.4) mg/L vs. (197.8 ±112.6 ) mg/L, P=0.011 ] were significantly lower than those in the other pancreatic tumor group and a higher fasting blood-glucose [ (6.45 ±2.47) mmol/L vs.(4.95 ±0.79) mmol/L, P<0.011] was found.Among all patients , the rates of undernutrition and nutritional risk were 4.1% and 78.5%, and the pancreatic cancer group had a higher rate of nutritional risk (91.1% vs.38.7%,χ2 =36.525, P<0.001). Conclusion In this prospective study , surgical patients with pancreatic cancer have a high incidence of nutri -tional risk, with low protein level and abnormal glucose metabolism .

Human body composition and energy metabolism and their correlations with nutritional status in hepatocarcinoma patients undergoing surgical treatment / 中华临床营养杂志

Objective To investigate the nutritional status,body composition,and energy metabolism of hepatocarcinoma patients undergoing surgical treatment and explore the relationships of the nutritional status with body composition and energy metabolism.Methods Totally 112 hospitalized hepatocarcinoma patients undergoing surgical treatment met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled as the intervention group,and another 100 patients with cholelithiasis during the the same period were enrolled as the control group.Their general clinical data including body mass index(BMI),arm circumference,grip,albumin,prealbumin,energy expenditure,and body composition were collected.The nutritional status was assessed by the scored patient-generated subjective global assessment(PG-SGA).The relationships of the nutritional status with body composition and between energy metabolism were analyzed.All the data were analysed by SPSS 16.0 software package.Results The arm circumference [(23.9±3.6)cm vs.(25.3±4.5)cm,t=2.57,P=0.014],hand grip[(31.7±6.0)kg vs.(39.2±7.6)kg,t=8.19,P<0.001],serum albumin[(32.5±4.7)g/L vs.(36.5±7.2)g/L,t=4.92,P=0.007] and prealbumin[(0.172±0.052)g/L vs.(0.263±0.077)g/L,t=10.3,P=0.004] of the intervention group were significantly lower than the control group.The total malnutrition rate of the intervention group was 37.5％(42 cases at levels B and C),and that of the control group was 14.4％(14 cases at levels B and C)(X2=19.73,P<0.001).The extracellular water significantly increased in the intervention group compared with that of the control group[(15.35±2.21)L vs.(13.51±2.73)L,t=5.54,P<0.001];however,the somatic cell mass [(27.54±4.42)kg vs.(29.03±4.38)kg,t=2.53,P=0.012],fat mass[(13.44±4.23)kg vs.(17.36±5.21)kg,t=6.18,P<0.001],and muscle mass[(43.11±6.27)kg vs.(48.17±7.13)kg,t=5.63,P<0.001] had significantly decreased compared with the control group.The measured value of rest energy expenditure(mREE)[(6 581.62±1 201.70)kJ/d vs.(6 290.73±1 071.68)kJ/d,t=1.98,P=0.042] of the intervention group was significantly higher than the control group(P=0.042),and the respiratory quotient(RQ)was also significantly higher(0.87±0.10 vs.0.85±0.06,t=2.72,P=0.027).The extracellular fluid(PG-SGA A vs.B P=0.035;A vs.C P<0.001;B vs.C P=0.042)were significantly increased,and the number of somatic cells(A vs.B P=0.015;A vs.C P=0.001;B vs.C P=0.022),fat(A vs.B P=0.026;A vs.C P=0.003;B vs.C P=0.022)and muscle mass(A vs.B P=0.029;A vs.C P=0.011;B vs.C P=0.036)were decreased with the deterioration of nutritional status,resting energy expenditure(A vs.B P=0.023;A vs.C P=0.002;B vs.C P=0.032),and RQ(A vs.C P=0.004;B vs.C P=0.012)were also increased with the deterioration of nutritional status,and there was significant difference among three groups.Conclusions The incidence of malnutrition is high in hepatocarcinoma patients undergoing surgical treatment.The patients can have lower lean body mass,more water retention,and higher energy metabolism,which may worsen along with the deterioration of nutritional status.

Change of pathogens in patients with biliary tract infection treated in a single center during the past 30 years / 中华肝胆外科杂志

Objective To investigate the changes of pathogens and antimicrobial susceptibility in patients with biliary tract infection during the past 30 years.Methods During the periods of 1981-1984,1988-1998 and 2003-2013,each 100 patients treated with common bile duct exploratoration were selected from every period.Biopsied bile specimens were performed with bacteria culture and antimicrobial susceptibility tests.This study reviewed the changes in bilary pathogens and antimicrobial susceptibility test.Results From 1981 to 1984,the most common pathogens were Escherichia coli (59.2％) and Klebsiella pneumonia (28.9％).Mixed infection of these pathogens accounted for 16.9％.From 1988 to 1998,the types of pathogens significandy increased.Escherichia coli (33.1％) and Klebsiella pneumonia (16.5％) accounted for less than 50％.Mixed infection with Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most common type.From 2003 to 2013,gram-negative bacteria were still the main pathogens,accounting for 61.8％.Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa accounted for 20.1％ and 10.4％,respectively.Gram-positive bacteria increased sigrnificantly.Enterococcusfaecium (22.2％) ranked the first.Mixed infection increased (36％),of which more than 50％ was mixed pathogens of Escherichia coli and Enterococcusfaecium.The incidence of fungi infection also increased (5.6％).Conclusions There was a remarkable change of pathogen category in the biliary infections over the past years.With an increase of gram-positive bacteria and fungi infection in clinical practice,antimicrobial susceptability results could be considered in choosing appropriate drug to avoid bacterial resistance.

Postoperative Regulatory T-Cells and Natural Killer Cells in Stage I Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer Underwent Video-assisted Thoracoscopic Lobectomy or Thoracotomy / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Regulatory T-cells (Treg) play key roles in suppressing cell-mediated immunity in cancer patients. Little is known about perioperative Treg fluctuations in nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Video-assisted thoracoscopic (VATS) lobectomy, as a minimal invasive procedure for treating NSCLC, may have relatively less impact on the patient's immune system. This study aimed to observe perioperative dynamics of circulating Treg and natural killer (NK) cell levels in NSCLC patients who underwent major lobectomy by VATS or thoracotomy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Totally, 98 consecutive patients with stage I NSCLC were recruited and assigned into VATS or thoracotomy groups. Peripheral blood samples were taken on 1-day prior to operation, postoperative days (PODs) 1, 3, 7, 30, and 90. Circulating Treg and NK cell counts were assayed by flow cytometry, defined as CD4 + CD25 + CD127 low cells in CD4 + lymphocytes and CD56 + 16 + CD3- cells within CD45 + leukocytes respectively. With SPSS software version 21.0 (SPSS Inc., USA), differences between VATS and thoracotomy groups were determined by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and differences between preoperative baseline and PODs in each group were evaluated by one-way ANOVA Dunnett t-test.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In both groups, postoperative Treg percentages were lower than preoperative status. No statistical difference was found between VATS and thoracotomy groups on PODs 1, 3, 7, and 30. On POD 90, Treg percentage in VATS group was significantly lower than in thoracotomy group (5.26 ± 2.75 vs. 6.99 ± 3.60, P = 0.012). However, a higher level of NK was found on all PODs except on POD 90 in VATS group, comparing to thoracotomy group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Lower Treg level on POD 90 and higher NK levels on PODs 1, 3, 7, 30 in VATS group might imply better preserved cell-mediated immune function in NSCLC patients, than those in thoracotomy group.</p>