Exploration of Potential Mechanisms of Corylin Against Lung Cancer By High-throughput Sequencing / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To explore the potential molecular mechanism of corylin in the treatment of lung cancer. Method:A549 cells were treated with different concentrations of corylin， and their proliferation was detected using methye thiazolye telrazlium （MTT） reagent. Then the trend analysis and gene ontology （GO） and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes （KEGG） pathway enrichment analysis were conducted to screen the key genes and pathways of corylin against A549 cell proliferation， followed by the verification of sequencing results by real-time polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）. Result:Corylin inhibited the proliferation of A549 cells and regulated the expression of 4 364 genes in cells. The trend analysis revealed that these genes were clustered into 20 distinct modules， among which four were significantly down-regulated， suggesting that corylin exerted the anti-proliferation effect by inhibiting the expression of some genes. The inter-group comparison of differentially expressed genes （DEGs） showed that the elevation in the concentration of corylin resulted in more down-regulated genes but weakened proliferation， consistent with the findings by trend analysis. The GO and KEGG enrichment analysis of 278 DEGs in the high-dose corylin group demonstrated that corylin mainly changed the cellular and metabolic processes， which was attributed to its regulation of steroid biosynthesis， fatty acid metabolism， biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids， synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies， and steroid hormone biosynthesis. The Real-time PCR results confirmed that corylin down-regulated the mRNA expression levels of LSS， stearoyl-CoA desaturase （SCD）， 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 1 （HMGCS1）， but up-regulated the mRNA expression of recombinant human angiopoietin-like protein 4 （ANGPTL4）， basically consistent with the transcriptomics results. Conclusion:Corylin inhibits A549 cell proliferation and alleviates lung cancer by targeting the related genes in lipid metabolism pathways.

Effect of Individualized Memory Rehabilitation Based on Forgetting Characteristics of Patients with Brain Injury / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To investigate the effect of individualized memory rehabilitation based on the forgetting characteristics in patients with brain injury (BI). Methods:From September, 2018 to October, 2019, 60 BI patients were randomly divided into routine memory training group (control group, n = 30) and individualized memory training group (observation group, n = 30). The observation group group was tested with forgetting characteristics pre-training. Both groups received memory training for four weeks, respectively. All patients were evaluated with Rivermead Behavioural Memory Test-2nd Edition (RBMT-II) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) pre- and post-training. Results:The total post-training scores of RBMT-II and MoCA were higher than the pre-training scores in both groups (|t| > 3.885, P < 0.01). There was no significant difference in the total scores between two groups pre- and post-training (P > 0.05). The differences between post- and pre-training total scores of RBMT-II and MoCA were significantly higher in the observation group group than in the control group (|Z| > 3.757, P < 0.001). Conclusion:Memory rehabilitation training could improve memory abilities and general cognitive function of BI patients, and it is more effective to carry out individualized memory rehabilitation training based on the forgetting characteristics.

Pharmacological mechanism of Shenghua Decoction in treatment of abdominal pain based on network pharmacology / 中国中药杂志

The Shenghua Decoction recorded in Fu Qing Zhu's Gynaecology,is a commonly used postpartum prescription,widely used in treating postpartum and gynecological diseases. However,its mechanism of action in treating lower abdominal pain remains unclear. In this paper,network pharmacology was used to explore the mechanism of Shenghua Decoction in the treatment of lower abdomen pain,so as to provide data support for better clinical application of Shenghua Decoction. The drug targets of lower abdominal pain and Shenghua Decoction were retrieved in SymMap. String and Cytoscape were adopted for enrichment analysis to construct the disease-drug-target biological network. Relevant gene search results showed that there were 400 targets in Shenghua Decoction,11 of which coincided with the disease genes of lower abdomen pain. In String analysis,18 gene interactions were obtained. Gene modularizationbased analysis results indicated that one module containing six genes was obtained after modularization processing. Furthermore,there were 170 enrichment results of biological process,2 enrichment results of molecular function and 30 enrichment results of KEGG pathways in String enrichment analysis. Shenghua Decoction may play a role in treating lower abdomen pain through neuro-endocrine-immune,metabolism and other means. Its mechanism may be achieved by accelerating the repair and growth of endometrial tissue cells,improving microcirculation,promoting endometrial cell renewal and inflammation subsidence,and accelerating uterine involution; at the same time,it can regulate the autoimmunity,regulate and control the function of some natural immune cells in the process of antiinfection by using signaling pathway,supplement the vital energy,and induce elimination of pathogens from the body,thereby achieving the effect of treating lower abdomen pain.

Effects of Fructose,Glucose and Exogenous Nitric Oxide Donor Sodium Nitroprusside on Germination of Psychotria rubra(Lour.)Poir. Seeds Under Drought Stress / 广州中医药大学学报

Objective To observe the effect of fructose(Fru),glucose (Glc)and exogenous nitric oxide donor sodium nitroprusside(SNP)on the germination of Psychotria rubra(Lour.)Poir. seeds under drought stress,and to explore the optimal concentration for clearing the drought stress. Methods We established the drought stress model of Psychotria rubra(Lour.)Poir. seeds with 15％(volume fraction)PEG6000 and 0.4 mol/L D-mannitol, measured the germination rate and germination index of Psychotria rubra (Lour.)Poir. seeds under drought stress combined treatment with different concentrations of Fru (0,300,500 μmol/L),Glc (0,300,500 μmol/L) and SNP(0 , 100 , 200 μmol/L). Results The germination process of Psychotria rubra(Lour .) Poir . seeds was significantly suppressed by drought stress. Fru,Glc and SNP could significantly promote the germination of Psychotria rubra (Lour.) Poir. seeds under drought stress. The optimal condition for clearing drought stress induced by 15％ PEG6000 was Fru 300 μmol/L, Glc 500 μmol/Land SNP 200 μmol/L, and the germination rate was 95％ under the optimal condition . The optimal condition for clearing drought stress induced by D-Mannitol was Fru 500 μmol/L, Glc 500 μmol/L and SNP 100 μmol/L, and the germination rate arrived to100％. Conclusion Fru,Glc and SNP can significantly alleviate the negative impact induced by drought stress for the Psychotria rubra(Lour.)Poir. seed germination,improve the drought-resistant ability of the seeds.

Materiamedica literature study on medicinal properties and utility of four kinds of Alpinia Chinese medicines / 中国中药杂志

In order to explore the correlation between the medicinal properties，efficacy and application in the same genetic relationship，explain the scientific connotation of the medicinal properties and effects of traditional Chinese medicines(TCM)，promote the academic development of the theory of traditional Chinese medicines，and provide reference for the research and development of the traditional Chinese medicines of a same genus. In this paper, a literature study of ancient and modern works of Chinese herbal medicine was conducted to investigate the correlation between the properties, meridians tropism, efficacy and application of Alpinia officinarum， A. katsumadai， Galangae Fructus and Alpinae Oxyphyllae Fructus, four kinds of Alpinia Chinese medicines．The results showed that the similar properties of these four kinds of Alpinia Chinese medicines included that they were acrid, warm,and mainly getting into the spleen and stomach channels; the similar efficacies included that dispelling cold，relieving pain，warming stomach，anti-nausea，anti-diarrheal，reinforcing spleen to promote digestion and other effects; in application aspects, the similarities were that they were all mainly used in treatment of catching cold or spleen deficiency induced by abdominal pain，vomiting，diarrhea,diet indigestion, etc. indicating that phylogenetic relationship was closely related with the herbal properties, efficacy and application. It is an effective way to explore，collate and research traditional Chinese medicine by using plant phylogenetic relationships in exploring the internal relations and laws of TCM theories，material bases, pharmacological effects and clinical applications, also with a strong maneuverability to explain their scientific connotation.

Establishment and application of management system of medical adverse events / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To establish a medical adverse events management system to enhance medical quality. Methods An adverse events management module was embedded into the existing electronic medical record quality control program. Structural options and short text on medical adverse events constituted the medical adverse events report, which posed emphases on the cases determined by keyword screening or with high-risk conditions. The report contributed to early warning against suspected medical adverse events, and thus the report rate could be increased. Results The trials showed that the reported cases were increased by 139.68%when compared with that in last year, and enhancement also occurred in medical staff enthusiasm as well as the efficiency and accuracy of the report. Conclusion The system behaves well in medical links supervision, medical risk warning, medical service enhancement and patient safety improvement, and thus is worthy promoting practically.

Clinical implication of Tiam1 protein overexpression in ovarian carcinoma / 临床与实验病理学杂志

Purpose To investigate the clinicopathological significance of Tiam1 overexpression in ovarian carcinoma.Methods Tiam1 protein was detected in 98 serous carcinomas,64 ovarian mucinous cystadenocarcinomas and 27 benign ovarian tumors using immunohistochemical of SP two-step staining.Correlations between Tiam1 overexpression and clinicopathological features of ovarian carcinoma were evaluated.Overall survival and disease-free survival rates of ovarian carcinoma patients were calculated by Kaplan-Meier method.Results Tiam1 protein showed a cytoplasmic and nuclear staining pattern in ovarian carcinoma.The positive rate and strongly positive rate of Tiam1 protein were 84.7％ (83/98)and 70.4％ (69/98)in serous carcinoma,the positive rate and strongly positive rate of Tiam1 protein were 87.5％ (56/64) and 73.4％ (47/64) in ovarian mucinous cystadenocarcinoma,both of which were significantly higher than those in benign ovarian tumor (both P ＜ 0.01).High-level expression of Tiam1 was positively correlated with the histological grade,FIGO stage,and metastasis in ovarian carcinoma (both P ＜ 0.05),while independent of age and menopausal status (both P ＞ 0.05).Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that overall survival and disease-free survival of ovarian cancer patients with high expression of Tiam1 protein were significantly lower than those of patients with lower expression of Tiam1 protein (P ＜ 0.05),overall survival in metastatic ovarian cancer patients with high expression of Tiam1 protein was significantly lower than those in patients with low Tiam1 protein expression (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Tiam1 expression is significantly high in ovarian carcinoma.Tiam1 protein is closely associated with ovarian carcinoma progression,which may be a new potential prognostic biomarker and a therapeutic target for ovarian carcinoma.

Study on the Relationship of Carotid Intimal-Medial Wall Thickness and the Expression of IL-6 and Fetuin-A in the Serum of Two Type Diabetes / 现代检验医学杂志

Objective To investigate the relationship of carotid intimal-medial wall thickness(IMT) and the expression of IL-6 and Fetuin-A in two type diabetes.Methods 80 patients with two type diabetes were chosen,and 60 cases healthypeople of examination for the control group.The levels of IL-6 and Fetuin-A were measured,and measured the intimal-medial thickness (IMT) of internal carotid artery by carotid duplex ultrasonography scanning simultaneously.Results The level of IL-6 was significantly higher in two type diabetes than those in control group,and the level of Fetuin-A was declind (t=8.34 ～15.65,all P＜0.05).IL-6 level in normal IMT (A group,20 cases) was 2.24±0.21 pg/L,Fetuin level was 5.41±0.32 ng/ ml.IL-6 level in abnormal IMT (B group,18 cases) was 3.44±0.18 mm,and Fetuin level was 3.86±0.42 ng/ml.Relatively,IL-6 level in IMT with plaque (C group,22 cases) was 4.95-±-0.31 ng/ml,Fetuin-A level was 2.41±0.32 ng/ml.IL-6 level in lumen narrow (D group,20 cases) was 5.35±0.31 ng/ml,and Fetuin-A level was 2.02 ± 0.08 ng/ml.There were obvious differences for four groups to detect IL-6 was Fetuin-A levels (F=8.69 ～ 11.02,all P＜ 0.05).The level of IL-6 were rised little by little from A group to D group.There were obvious differences for comparison among groups (t=5.32～9.01,all P＜0.05).The level of Fetuin-A were declined little by little from A group to D group,there were obvious differnce for comparison among groups (t=6.14～11.53,all P＜0.05).Conclusion There was a close correlation between IL-6,Fetuin-A level and carotid intimal-medial wall thickness(IMT) in two type diabetes.To detection IL-6 and Fetuin-A levels is a target to distinguish two type diabetes whether or not with atherosclerosis.

Identification of Aerial Roots of Ficus microcarpa Linn. F. and Ficus elastica Roxb. Ex Hornem / 广州中医药大学学报

Objective To compare the pharmacognosy characteristics of aerial roots of Ficus microcarpa Linn.f. and Ficus elastica Roxb. ex Hornem.. Methods Fresh aerial roots were harvested and were used as the experimental samples. Stereoscopy was used for the observation of macroscopic appearance of Ficus microcarpa Linn.f. and Ficus elastica Roxb. ex Hornem.,and the microscope was used for the examination of their microscopic features of the velamen surface, cross section of root tip, cross section and longitudinal section of the posterior root, and powder. Results The appearance characteristics of the two species were as follows:the number of aerial roots of Ficus microcarpa Linn. f. was more,and the diameter was smaller than that of Ficus elastica Roxb. ex Hornem. The root tips of Ficus microcarpa Linn. f. aerial roots were light yellow turning to yellow-white, covered with gray or yellowish-white lenticels;the root tips of Ficus elastica Roxb. ex Hornem. aerial roots were light yellow or yellow, covered with gray lenticels. Microscopic identification results of the two plants were as follows:the primary xylems of transverse section of root tips and posterior roots of Ficus microcarpa Linn.f. and Ficus elastica Roxb. ex Hornem. were different,the former being five to seven heptarch,and the latter being six to eleven heptarch. Both of the two species had non-articulated unbranched laticifers in their longitudinal section of posterior root, and the diameter of Ficus. elastica Roxb. ex Hornem. was slightly larger than that of Ficus microcarpa Linn. f.. The powder of Ficus microcarpa Linn. f. was red brown,with spiral and pitted vessels;Ficus elastica Roxb. ex Hornem. was yellow brown,with single small and large pitted vessels,and the color of its fiber was shallow or nearly colorless or even transparent, with lines of cluster crystal. Conclusion The results will provide evidence for the identification , exploitation and utilization of Ficus microcarpa Linn . f . and Ficus elastica Roxb. ex Hornem.

Study on Identification Characteristics of Dichrocephala auriculata(Thunb.) Druce / 广州中医药大学学报

Objective To identify the pharmacognosy features of Dichrocephala auriculata(Thunb.)Druce,and to summarize its identification characteristics,so as to lay a foundation for further study and development of the drug. Methods By original plant identification and microscopic identification methods,we observed the features of the whole plant of Dichrocephala auriculata(Thunb.)Druce. Results The morphological characteristics of the original plant showed as follows:the whole aerial part was covered with tomentum;roots belonged to taproot root system;the alternate leaves were long oval-shaped, pinnatipartite, or divided;flowers were small, presented as capitulum, arranging in umbrella-shape, with several outer layers of white flowers and several inner layers of yellow green flowers. Microstructure characteristics showed as follows:root vascular bundle was broad,and pericycle fiber bundles were found outside;stem vascular bundle had 8-25 cyclocytics,pericycle fibers were found outside, and the medulla was broad with myelinated fibers around;the upper and below epidermis of leaves had stomata and non-tentacle, and the main vein vascular of the leaf was collateral with vascula bundles upside and downside;the nonglandular hairs,starch grains,fibers,pollen grains,and tubes were shown in the powder of whole plant. Conclusion The above results are stable and reliable, and can be applied for pharmacognosy identification of Dichrocephala auriculata(Thunb.)Druce.

Overexpressed CD59 inhibits complement-induced damage to bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells / 医学研究生学报

Objective Studies are rarely reported on how to avoid complement system attack during the transplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs).We explored the effect of the overexpression of CD59 on complement membrane attack-induced damage to rat BMSCs (rBMSCs) during autologous transplantation.Methods BMSCs from SD rats were cultured and treated with CD59 overexpression plasmid or rBMSC empty vector or left untreated,followed by detection of the expression of CD59 in the rBMSCs by flow cytometry.Then the rBMSCs were incubated with autologous rat serum (ARS),inactivated ARS (iARS),CD59+ARS,or CD59+iARS or not incubated.The cytotoxicity of the serum complement on the rBMSCs was observed by PI staining and the apoptosis of the rBMSCs determined by flow cytometry.Results The expression of CD59 was significantly higher in the rBMSCs treated with CD59 than in those untreated (7,4.9％ vs 50.5％,P＜0.05).The apop tosis rate was remarkably lower in the rBMSCs not incubated ([8.4± 1.1] ％) and those incubated with CD59+ARS ([19.1 ±3.1] ％) than in those incubated with ARS ([40.3±4.3] ％) (P＜0.05).The deposition of the complement membrane attack complex was significantly decreased in the rBMSCs not incubated (50.1％) and those incubated with CD59+ARS (71.0％) as compared with those incubated with ARS (99.7％) (P＜0.05).The apoptosis rate of the rBMSCs treated with CD59 was markedly lower than that of those left untreated (P＜0.05).Conclusion The overexpression of CD59 inhibits the damage induced by complement to rBMSCs by reducing the formation of the complement membrane attack complex during autologous transplantation.

The clinical application of postoperative early enteral immunonutrition in totally endoscopic esophagectomy / 肠外与肠内营养

Objective:TTo evaluate the nutritional status,immune function and clinical effectiveness of early enteral immunonutrition in patients receiving totally endoscopic esophagectomy.Methods:There were 90 patients receiving totally endoscopic esophagectomy enrolled in Department of Thoracic Surgery of The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University between May 2015 and October 2016.The patients were randomly divided into three groups,enteral immunonutrition group (EIN group,n =30),common enteral nutrition group(EN group,n =30)and parenteral nutrition group (PN group,n =30).The levels of nutritional indexes,immune indexes,C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured preoperation and 1day,3days,7days after surgery.We also observed the first postoperative anal exhaust time,infectious complications and the length of hospital stay.Results:There were no significant differences in age,gender,tumor location,clinical stage,CRP,the nutritional indexes and immune indexes between the three groups before operation.On the first day after operation,the nutritional indexes and immune indexes of the three groups were significantly lower than those before operation,then all the indexes began to recover.Otherwise,CRP of the three groups were significantly higher than those before operation,then fell down in the following days,the rate of EIN group and EN group was faster than that of PN group on the day 3 after surgery and the EIN group was the fastest on the day 7 after surgery.There were significant differences in the first postoperative anal exhaust time,pneumonia and the length of hospital stay.And there was no significant difference in the incidence of anastomotic fistula between the three groups(x 2=1.071,P =0.585).Conclusions:Postoperative early enteral immunonutrition can improve the nutritional status and the immune response,promote the rapid recovery in the patients receiving totally endoscopic esophagectomy.

Temperature Sensation Threshold of Trunk Skin in Healthy Adults / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To measure the temperature sensation threshold of trunk skin in healthy adults. Methods The threshold of cold sensation, warm sensation, cold pain sensation and heat pain sensation of trunk skin key points (T3, T7 and T11) were measured with Thermal Sensory Analyzer in 123 healthy adults. Results The thresholds of cold, warm, cold pain and heat pain sensations were obtained. The standard deviation of cold and warm threshold was less than that of heat pain. The range of cold sensation threshold was the largest. The heat pain sensation threshold increased with segmental declining and the sensation threshold increased with age. Conclusion Normal reference value should be established variously with the segment and age. The threshold of cold, warm varies less, while the threshold of cold pain and heat pain varies too much.

Establishment of surfactant-associated protein a suicide gene system and analysis of its activity / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

Alveolar epithelial type II (AT II) cells are essential for lung development and remodeling, as they are precursors for type I cells and also produce other non-repair cells (fibroblasts). Progenitor cells are believed to possess capability of multi-potent transdifferentiation, which is closely related to the niche, suggesting the importance of establishment of a lung progenitor cell niche model. We hypothesized that pulmonary surfactant-associated protein A (SPA) suicide gene system would cause AT II cell to kill itself through apoptosis and leave its niche. In vitro, the recombinant adeno-associated virus vectors-SPA-thymidine kinase (rAAV-SPA-TK) system was established to get targeted apoptotic AT II cells. The apoptosis of AT II cells was detected by using MTT. The results showed that cloned SPA gene promoter had specific transcriptional activity in SPA high expression cells, and SPA high expression cells (H441) transfected with TK gene had higher sensitivity to ganciclovir (GCV) than SPA low expression cells (A549). In vivo, increased apoptosis of AT II cells induced by GCV in rAAV-SPA-TK system was observed by TUNEL. Finally, the successful packaging and application of rAAV-SPA-TK system provide experimental basis to get specific lung progenitor cell (AT II) niche in vitro and in vivo.

Establishment of surfactant-associated protein A suicide gene system and analysis of its activity / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

Alveolar epithelial type II (AT II) cells are essential for lung development and remodeling, as they are precursors for type I cells and also produce other non-repair cells (fibroblasts). Progenitor cells are believed to possess capability of multi-potent transdifferentiation, which is closely related to the niche, suggesting the importance of establishment of a lung progenitor cell niche model. We hypothesized that pulmonary surfactant-associated protein A (SPA) suicide gene system would cause AT II cell to kill itself through apoptosis and leave its niche. In vitro, the recombinant adeno-associated virus vectors-SPA-thymidine kinase (rAAV-SPA-TK) system was established to get targeted apoptotic AT II cells. The apoptosis of AT II cells was detected by using MTT. The results showed that cloned SPA gene promoter had specific transcriptional activity in SPA high expression cells, and SPA high expression cells (H441) transfected with TK gene had higher sensitivity to ganciclovir (GCV) than SPA low expression cells (A549). In vivo, increased apoptosis of AT II cells induced by GCV in rAAV-SPA-TK system was observed by TUNEL. Finally, the successful packaging and application of rAAV-SPA-TK system provide experimental basis to get specific lung progenitor cell (AT II) niche in vitro and in vivo.

Cardiovascular disease risk and vascular damage status in pre- and hypertension population in coastal areas of Fujian province / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the cardiovascular risk factors and vascular damage status of pre- and hypertensive population in the coastal areas of Fujian province.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>This cross-sectional study surved 3344 Fujian coastal people aged older than 30 years. Glycolipids, uric acid, urine, microalbumin, brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity(baPWV) and central retinal arteriolar equivalent(CRAE) measurements were performed. Variance analysis and binary logistic regression were applied to evaluate cardiovascular risk factors and vascular damage of prehypertensive as well as hypertensive population.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) The morbidity of prehypertension as well as hypertension was 30.0% in coastal population of Fujian Province, there were more than 3 cardiovascular risk factors in 65.5% (909/1388) of the hypertensive population and 37.5% of the prehypertensive population.(2) The abnormal rates of creatinine ratio(UACR), baPWV, and CRAE in hypertensive [25.7% (357/1388) , 84.2% (1169/1388) , 29.5% (409/1388) ] and prehypertensive population [20.0% (176/880) , 29.1% (256/880) , 25.6% (225/880)] were significantly higher than those of normotensive individuals [8.5% (91/1076), 8.9% (96/1076), 18.8% (202/1076), all P < 0.05].(3) Prehypertension and hypertension served as independent risk factors of UACR, baPWV and CRAE according to logistic regression analysis. The odds ratios (OR) value and 95% confidence intervals were 1.496 (1.095-2.044) , 2.477 (1.815-3.381) , 0.700 (0.549-0.891) in prehypertensive population, and 1.976 (1.454-2.686) , 7.707 (12.938-24.235) , 0.591 (0.474-0.736) in hypertensive population.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Multiple cardiovascular risk factors coexist in prehypertensive and hypertensive population in the coastal area of coastal areas of Fujian province and there is more morbidity of vascular damage in prehypertensive and hypertensive individuals compared to normotensive subjects in these areas.</p>

CT imaging study of anterior approaches to the upper thoracic spine / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>There are small smount of literatures on the study of the anterior surgical approaches to the upper thoracic spine (UTS). Moreover, there are many differences among the results of these studies. This study is to investigate the exposure ranges of different anterior surgical approaches to the UTS for making the preoperative plan by means of CT images analysis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From October to December in 2008, 120 CT images of normal chests were chosen. These subjects (58 males, 62 females) ranged in age from 16 to 75 years (mean 40.3 +/- 12.3 years). By using the X-ray positioning images of these CT images,following indexes were studied: the location of the superior margin of the left brachiocephalic vein on the sagittal plane, the confluence of the bilateral brachiocephalic veins, and the vertebrae level of the tracheal bifurcation. The caudal access of E1 (the interval between the tracheo esophageal sheath and the bilateral carotid sheath), E2 (the interval between the right brachiocephalic vein and the brachiocephalic artery), and E3 (the interval between the ascending aorta and superior caval vein) were respectively defined as the above mentioned three points.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among the 120 studies, 105 T2 vertebral bodies could be exposed through E1 (87.5%), 82 T3 vertebral bodies could be exposed through E2 (68.3%), and 89 T4 vertebral bodies could be exposed through E3 (74.2%).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The exposure ranges of three different anterior surgical approaches to the upper thoracic spine are different. Proper surgical approaches could be selected according to the chest CT images of the patients.</p>

Study on the three-dimensional reconstruction and visualization of the anatomical structures of the anterior approach to the upper thoracic spine / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish the three-dimensional (3D) visible models of the anatomical structures of the anterior approach to the upper thoracic spine (UTS) for anatomic study and preoperative planning of the UTS.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sectional images from the superior margin of the first thoracic vertebral body to the inferior margin of the fifth thoracic vertebral body were acquired through the Chinese Visible Human Female (VCHF) database which was collected by the Third Military Medical University. These images were imported into Photoshop CS, cut automatically and converted into a JPEG format. Surface and volume reconstruction were performed by 3D Doctor 3.5 and Amira 4.0 software programs on an ordinary personal computer respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The surface reconstruction model could be rotated at any angle and observed from any direction. And the reconstructed structures of the anterior approach to the UTS could be displayed individually or as a composite with any other selected structure. The volume reconstruction displayed abundant internal details of the reconstructed images in transverse, coronal, sagittal, and random oblique sections.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Three-dimensional visible models of the anatomical structures of the anterior approach to the UTS based on the sectional images of VCHF can clearly display the morphology, spatial orientation and adjacent relationship of every structure. These models are very helpful to the anatomy study and preoperative planning of this complex anatomic region.</p>

Altered surfactant protein A gene expression and protein homeostasis in rats with emphysematous changes / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>The decrease of surfactant protein (SP) secreted by the alveolar type II cell is one of the important causes of limiting air of pulmonary emphysema. However, the SP-A gene and protein changes in this disease are rarely studied. This study was undertaken to investigate alterations in SP-A gene activity and protein, and to explore their roles in the pathogenesis of emphysematous changes.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty Wistar rats were divided randomly into a normal control group (n = 10) and a cigarette smoking (CS) + lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group (n = 10). Ultra-structural changes were observed under an electron microscope. The number of cells positive for SP-A was measured by immunohistochemistry. The mRNA expression and protein level of SP-A in the lung tissues were determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and Western blot separately. The protein level of SP-A in lavage fluid was determined by Western blot.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The number of cells positive for SP-A of the CS + LPS group (0.35 +/- 0.03) was lower than that of the blank control group (0.72 +/- 0.06, P < 0.05). The level of SP-A in the lung tissues of rats in the CS + LPS group (0.2765 +/- 0.0890) was lower than that in the blank control group (0.6875 +/- 0.1578, P < 0.05). The level of SP-A in the lavage fluid of rats in the CS + LPS group (0.8567 +/- 0.1458) was lower than that in the blank control group (1.3541 +/- 0.2475, P < 0.05). The lung tissues of rats in the CS + LPS group showed an approximate increase (0.4-fold) in SP-A mRNA levels relative to beta-actin mRNA (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The changes of SP-A may be related to emphysematous changes in the lung. And cigarette smoke and LPS alter lung SP-A gene activity and protein homeostasis.</p>