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Objective:To investigate the application value of transanal endoscopic partial intersphincteric resection for ultra-low rectal cancer.Methods:The retrospective and descriptive study was conducted. The clinicopathological data of 9 ultra-low rectal cancer patients undergoing transanal endoscopic partial intersphincteric resection at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University from December 2017 to August 2020 were collected. There were 8 males and 1 female, aged from 39 to 62 years, with a median age of 58 years. Observation indicators: (1) surgical and postoperative situations; (2) postoperative pathological examination; (3) follow-up. Follow-up was conducted using outpatient examination and telephone interview to detect postoperative tumor local recurrence and distant metastasis, survival of patients, ileostomy closure, anus function at 3 months after ileostomy closure, male urinary and sexual function and female sexual function at 6 months after rectal surgery. The follow-up was up to February 2021. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean± SD, and measurement data with skewed distribution were represented as M(range). Count data were described as absolute numbers. Results:(1)Surgical and postoperative situations: all 9 patients underwent surgery successfully, without conversion to open surgery. Seven of the 9 patients underwent transanal endoscopic partial intersphincteric resection and the rest of 2 patients with tumor close to the dentate line underwent transanal endoscopic modified partial intersphincteric resection. The operation time and volume of intraoperative blood loss of 9 patients were (267±48)minutes and 50 mL(range, 30?60 mL), respectively. Five of the 9 patients underwent transanal specimen extraction, and 4 patients underwent specimen extraction by an abdominal incision. All 9 patients underwent transanal hand-sewn coloanal anastomosis and protective ileostomy, and two pelvic drainage tubes were indwelled. Transanal drainage tube was placed after anastomosis in 3 of 9 patients. Three cases had intraoperative adverse events and there were no intraoperative adverse event reported in the remaining 6 cases. The time to postoperative initial stoma exhausting and time to postoperative first semi-liquid food intake of 9 patients were 3 days(range, 2?4 days) and 5 days(range, 4?7 days), respectively. One case had Clavien-Dindo grade Ⅰ complication and 2 cases had Clavien-Dindo grade Ⅱ complication during postoperative 30 days and the rest of 6 cases had no postoperative complication. No anastomotic stricture, hemorrhage or urinary retention occurred in 9 patients. The duration of postoperative hospital stay and cost of hospitalization of 9 patients were 11 days(range, 9?23 days) and (6.8±1.3)×10 4 yuan, respectively. (2) Postoperative pathological examination: the diameter of tumor, the distance of distal resection margin, the number of lymph node dissected and the number of positive lymph node of 9 patients were (3.2±1.4)cm, 0.6 cm(range, 0.5?1.5 cm), 17±7 and 0(range, 0?7), respectively. The tumor histopathological type was adenocarcinoma with negative tumor nodule and nerve infiltration in all 9 patients. Only 1 case of 9 patients was found vascular tumor thrombus. The surgical specimens of all 9 patients showed negative for distal and circumferential margins and complete mesorectum. Results of postoperative pathological TNM staging showed that of 6 cases with preoperative T1-T2 staging tumors, 3 cases were classified as pT2N0M0 stage, and 3 cases were classified as pT2N1M0 stage, pT2N2M0 stage or pT3N1M0 stage, respectively. Three cases with preoperative T3 staging tumors were classified as ypT0N0M0 stage, ypT2N0M0 stage or ypT3N0M0 stage, respectively. (3) Follow-up: all 9 patients were followed up for 6 to 13 months, with a median follow-up time of 9 months. No local recurrence, distant metastasis or tumor-related death was found during follow-up. Of the 9 patients, only 1 case did not receive stoma closure and undergo anus function assessment, and the rest of 8 cases underwent stoma closure. Results of postoperative anus function assessment showed 5 cases of accessibility, 2 cases of mild impairment and 1 case of severe impairment. Results of urogenital function assessment showed 6 cases of the 8 male patients of mild impairment, 1 case of moderate impairment and 1 case of severe impairment in micturition function, respectively, and 3 cases of accessibility, 2 cases of mild impairment and 3 cases of moderate impairment in sexual function, respectively. The female patient underwent accessibility of sexual function and the six-item version of the female sexual function index was 25. Conclusion:Transanal endoscopic partial intersphincteric resection can be used for the treatment of ultra-low rectal cancer.
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Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of thoracoscopic and laparoscopic radical resection for adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction (AEG) with side-to-side tubular gastroesophagostomy.Methods The retrospective and descriptive study was conducted.The clinicopathological data of 4 patients with AEG who were admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University between November 2017 and June 2018 were collected.All the patients underwent thoracoscopic and laparoscopic radical resection for AEG using side-to-side tubular gastroesophagostomy and received 6 cycles of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy with SOX regimen.Observation indicators:(1) surgical and postoperative recovery situations;(2) postoperative pathological examination;(3) follow-up and survival situations.The follow-up using outpatient examination and telephone interview was performed to detect postoperative adjuvant therapy situations and survival of patients up to Semptember 2018.Results (1) Surgical and postoperative recovery situations:4 patients successfully underwent thoracoscopic and laparoscopic radical resection for AEG using side-to-side tubular gastroesophagostomy,without conversion to thoracotomy,open surgery or perioperative death.Operation time,volume of intraoperative blood loss,time for postoperative fluid diet intake and postoperative drainage-tube removal time of case 1,2,3,4 were respectively 420 minutes,400 minutes,320 minutes,300 minutes and 100 mL,100 mL,150 mL,100 mL and 9 days,8 days,8 days,8 days and 11 days,10 days,10 days,10 days.Case 1 with mild pneumonia and hiccup and case 2 with mild pneumonia were improved by symptomatic treatment,case 3 and 4 didn't have complication.All the patients had postoperative patent anastomosis.Duration of postoperative hospital stay of case 1,2,3,4 were respectively 12 days,11 days,11 days,11 days.(2) Postoperative pathological examination:all the 4 patients had negative surgical margin.Number of lymph node dissected,number of positive lymph node,tumor diameter,Siewert type,depth of tumor infiltration,tumor histopathologic stage of case 1,2,3,4 were respectively 32,31,17,23 and 0,4,2,6 and 3.5 cm,5.0 cm,5.0 cm,4.0 cm and type Ⅱ,Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅰ and subserosa,entire wall of the esophagogastric junction,subserosa,entire wall of the esophagogastric junction and Ⅱ A staging,Ⅲ B staging,Ⅱ B staging,Ⅲ A staging.Degree of tumor differentiation and pathological type were moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma in the 4 patients.(3) Follow-up and survival situations:4 patients were followed up for 3-10 months,with a median time of 5 months.During the follow-up,4 patients underwent chemotherapy and achieved disease-free survival.Conclusion Thoracoscopic and laparoscopic radical resection for AEG using side-to-side tubular gastroesophagostomy is safe and feasible.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the detection of fecal PPAR-delta and COX-2 mRNA in screening of colorectal cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fifty-one patients with colorectal cancer and 21 healthy controls were included in this study. Total RNA was isolated from the fecal samples. Expression of PPAR-delta and COX-2 mRNA was determined by RT-PCR, and its value in screening of colorectal cancer was investigated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The positive detection rate of fecal PPAR-delta and COX-2 mRNA in colorectal cancer patients was significantly higher than that in healthy controls. In 47 colorectal cancer patients and 19 healthy controls with positive fecal ACTB mRNA expression, the sensitivity of fecal PPAR-delta mRNA, COX-2 mRNA and PPAR-delta mRNA plus COX-2 mRNA detection in diagnosing colorectal cancer was 76.6%(36/47), 80.9%(38/47) and 91.5%(43/47) respectively; the specificity was 63.2%(12/19), 84.2%(16/19) and 89.5%(17/19) respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The combination detection of fecal PPAR-delta and COX-2 mRNA is effective in screening human colorectal cancer and is better than detection of single marker alone.</p>